人教版中考英语非谓语动词专题资料.ppt

中考考点,考点剖析,练出高分,全效学习中考学练测,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,第,33,课时,非谓语动词,中 考 考 点,1,动词不定式作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语的用法。,2,动名词的用法。,3,现在分词和过去分词的用法。,考 点 剖 析,考点一动词不定式,动词不定式的构成：,to,动词原形。它没有人称和数的变化。,1,作主语,常用,it,作形式主语，而将真正的主语,(,动词不定式,),置于句末。,常用句型结构为,“,Its,adj,./,n,.,(for/of sb),to do sth”,。例如：,To ask the police for help is necessary.,It is necessary to ask the police for help.,向警察寻求帮助是必要的。,2,作宾语,(1),后接不定式作宾语的动词有,want,，,try,，,decide,，,hope,，,need,，,wish,，,agree,，,expect,，,refuse,，,learn,，,remember,，,forget,，,would like/love,等。例如：,I hope _ there before dark.,我希望天黑以前到那儿。,(2),在,think,，,find,，,make,等动词后通常用,it,作形式宾语，而将不定式移至句末，构成,“,主语动词,it(,形式宾语,),宾补,(,形容词,/,名词,),不定式,”,结构。例如：,I found it difficult to solve the problem.,我发现解决这个问题很难。,to,reach,/,to,get,/,to,arrive,3,作宾语补足语,(1),后面能接带,to,的不定式作宾补的动词有,tell,，,ask,，,allow,，,want,，,help,，,wish,，,teach,，,warn,，,invite,，,would like,，,encourage,等。例如：,The teacher told us _ Exercise 1.,老师要我们做练习一。,(2),使役动词,let,，,make,，,have,和感官动词,see,，,hear,，,watch,，,notice,，,feel,，,find,等后要用不带,to,的动词不定式作宾补。但是，当上述动词变被动语态时，其后的不定式必须补上,to,。例如：,We often hear him sing.,我们经常听见他唱歌。,被动语态：,He is often heard to sing.,to,do,4,作状语,常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。例如：,Mr Wang will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake.,王先生将会去杭州参观西湖。,(,目的,),5,作定语,动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语。例如：,I dont have a partner to practice English with.,我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。,6,作表语,Their duty is _ the animals.,他们的职责是照看动物。,7,“疑问语不定式,”,结构,动词不定式可以和疑问词,what,，,which,，,when,，,where,，,how,等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。例如：,He doesnt know _,他不知道要穿什么。,(,作宾语,),【,注意,】,动词不定式的否定结构：,not to do sth,。,to,take,care,of,what,to,wear,【,即学即用,1】,(,)Its very nice of you_me.,A,help,B,helping,C,to help D,helped,C,考点二动名词,动名词由,“,动词原形,ing”,构成，其与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质。,1,作主语,Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.,过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。,动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。,2,作宾语,常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有,enjoy,，,finish,，,consider(,考虑,),，,miss,，,keep,，,mind,，,practice,，,suggest,，,be busy,，,feel like,，,give up,，,cant help,，,avoid,，,be used to,，,be worth,，,be afraid of,，,be proud of,，,be interested in,，,cant stop,，,keep.from,，,look forward to,，,put off,，,stop.from,，,have fun,等。例如：,Have you finished _ the book?,你读完这本书了吗？,reading,3,作表语,The nurses job is _ the patients.,护士的工作是照顾病人。,4,作定语,I often go to the _,我经常去阅览室。,【,注意,】,有些词既可接不定式又可接动词,ing,形式作宾语，但表达的意义不同。常见的有：,(1)stop to do sth,停下来去做另外一件事,(,不定式作目的状语,),stop doing sth,停止做某事,(,v,.ing,作宾语,),looking,after,reading,room,(2)try to do sth,试图,(,企图,),做某事,try doing sth,尝试着做某事,(3)forget to do sth,忘记要去做某事,(,还没做,),forget doing sth,忘记做过了某事,(,已做,),(4)remember to do sth,记着要去做某事,(,还没做,),remember doing sth,记得做过了某事,(,已做,),(5)go on to do sth,做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事,go on doing sth,继续做原来所做的同一件事,(6)need to do,需要去做某事,(,主动含义,),need doing sth(,某事,),需要做,(,被动含义,),【,即学即用,2】,(,)The bike needs_,A,repair B,repaired,C,repairing D,to repair,C,考点三分词,分词为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词,(,v,.ing),有主动、进行之意；过去分词,(,v,.ed),有被动、完成之意。,1,作定语,China is a _ country.America is a _ country.,中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。,I know the boy called Li Ming.,我认识那个叫李明的男孩。,2,作表语,The book is interesting.Im interested in it.,这本书很有趣。我对它感兴趣。,developing,developed,3,作宾语补足语,I saw her going upstairs.,我看见她正在上楼。,I want to have some photos taken.,我想拍几张照片。,4,作状语,Laughing and talking,，,they went into the room.,他们有说有笑地走进了房间。,5,现在分词与过去分词的区别,(1),语态上，现在分词表示主动之意，过去分词表示被动之意。例如：,the surprising news,令人惊讶的新闻；,a surprised boy,一个受惊吓的男孩。,(2),时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。例如：,the developing country,发展中国家；,the developed country,发达国家。,6,易混结构,使役动词,(make,，,keep,，,let,，,have,等,),易混结构的区分。如,have sb doing sth,与,have sth done,的区别：,(1)have sb doing sth,意为,“,让某人一直做某事,”,，,doing,这个动作具有持续意义。例如：,The teacher had the boys standing all day.,老师让男生罚站了一整天。,(2)have sth done,意为,“,让某人做某事,”,，相当于,ask sb to do sth,，,done,表示让他人完成，有被动之意。例如：,I had my computer repaired yesterday.,昨天我让人修理了我的电脑。,【,即学即用,3】,(,)She had her hair_yesterday.,A,to cut B,cuting,C,cut D,cutting,C,练 出 高 分,