资源描述
L21-01 begin 8’34” [ Lesson 21 31:00 ]
§ Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔·门多萨
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●boxing n. 拳击
●boxer n. 拳击手
●bare adj. 赤裸的
●prizefighter n. 职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
●crude adj. 粗野的
●marquis n. 侯爵
●technically adv. 严格根据法律意义地
●science n. 科学
●popularity n. 名望
●adore v. 崇拜，爱戴
●alike adv. 一样地
●fame n. 名声
●eminent adj. 著名的，杰出的
●bitterly adv. 厉害地
●bet (bet, bet; betted, betted) v. 打赌
●academy n. 专业学校
●extravagant adj. 浪费的，奢侈
●poverty n. 贫困
■boxing n. 拳击
■boxer n. 拳击手
■bare adj. 赤裸的
bare uncovered
bare (部分的)赤裸
bare fist 赤手空拳
bare foot 光着脚的
bare handed 光着手的
bare legged 光着腿的
naked 全裸
He’s walking in bare feet.
He is naked.
nude adj. 光秃秃的； n. 裸体（雕象，油画）
a nude hillside 光秃秃的山坡
■prizefighter n. 职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
■crude adj. 粗野的
be crude to sb 对……粗鲁，无理 , rude语气比 crude 要弱
He is crude to the girl.
■marquis n. 侯爵
■technically adv. 严格根据法律意义地
■science n. 科学
■popularity n. 名望
in popularity 受欢迎，受喜爱
Instant foods are getting in popularity. 即食食品越来越受欢迎。
popular songs are in popularity.
popular with 受人喜爱
popularity 名望，受人欢迎的状态
fame 出名的名声 famous adj.
reputation 声誉
■adore v. 崇拜，爱戴
More and more people adore the famous adtress.
■alike adv. 一样地
He was adored by rich, and poor alike.
The teacher is adored by boy, girl and alike.
■fame n. 名声
■eminent adj. 著名的，杰出的
eminent scientist
distinguished
■bitterly adv. 厉害地
It is blowing bitterly.
bitter:苦的、辛酸的、刺骨的
bitter pills may have wholesome effects 良药
L20-02_21-01 end 15’00”
L21-02 begin 15’39”
■bet (bet, bet; betted, betted) v. 打赌
bet on sth. 以...打赌
bet sb. that 跟某人打赌
bet one's bottom dollar on somebody 对……孤注一掷
He bet his bottom dollar on his last attempt.
bet on the wrong horse 对…… 做出了错误的判断
I bet 我肯定，我断言
■academy n. 专业学校
■extravagant adj. 浪费的，奢侈
extravagant hobit
thrifty frugal economical
■poverty n. 贫困
in poverty 在贫困当中
indigence 贫困 (正式)
destitution 赤贫
penury 诘据
【Text】
§ Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔·门多萨
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
How many unsucessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for Prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as &100 for a single appear-
ance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
参考译文
两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达100英镑。尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。
【课文讲解】
in popularity
fought with bare fists: 赤手空拳的打斗
背熟：One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764.
one of the most famous people
introduce: bring in
Potatos were introduced into Europe from South America.
drew up: 制定，起草
Sb. did much to do sth.
in his full time in his good day
rise to fame = become famous
attract sb.’s sttention == attract the attention of sb.
turn against sb 与……反目成仇
severely
背熟：It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion.
as much as 多达
in debt: 欠债
本课重点：定语从句（限制性和非限制性）
L21-02 end 15’39”
L21-03 begin 15’32”
【Multiple choice questions】P109
Comprehension
1 Richard Humphries offered to train Mendoza because _____ .
a. he wanted to learn the techniques that Mendoza had introduced to boxing
b. for one so young, Mendoza had displayed an unusual grasp of the game
c. he had attended the boxing match which led to Mendoza’s early fame
d. he was anxious to establish himself as a superior boxer to Mendoza
2 At the match between Humphries and Mendoza at Stilton _____.
a. Mendoza lost a great deal of money to the public
b. after an hour’s fighting Humphries became champion of England
c. Mendoza lost twice to Humphries
d. the argument between the two men was settled in favour of Humphries
3 Apart from the money he earned at matches, Mendoza _____ .
a. earned a lot from the Academy which he founded after becoming Champion
b. earned so much money that he became a rich man
c. greatly supplemented his income by teaching the art of boxing
d. was given enormous sums by Lord Byron
apart from: 除了什么之外还有
Structure
4 In those days, _____ ‘prizefighters’ because they fought with bare fists for prize money.(ll.2-3)
a. they called boxers b. boxers called c. boxers being called d. they were called boxers
5 A prizefighter could suffer a serious injury or _____ during a … (ll.4-5)
a. even be killed b. be even killed c. even killed d. was even killed
even could be killed : could 被省略了
6 Mendoza _____ boxing into a sport. (ll.8-9)
a. was much changed by b. did a great deal to change
c. changed a great deal of d. much changed
7 He was so extravagant that he _____ people money. (l.20)
a. always owed to b. always owed c. owed always d. was always owing to
原文：in delt
owe money to people
owe money to sb== owe sb money
Vocabulary
8 One of the most _____ in boxing history was …(ll.6-7)
a. vivid personalities b. famous people c. painted images d.imaginative characters
personality : 个性==character
image: 偶像
9 ----after a boxing match at the _____ young age of fourteen. (l.11)
a. marvellously b. singly c. exceptionally d. unequally
exceptionally =>unusually： 不同寻常的
marvellously =>wonderfully:奇妙的，奇异的
singly : 单独的
unequally :独一无二的
Eg.: an exceptionally beautiful girl
10 Mendoza’s _____ to fame was noted by Richard Humphries. (ll.11-12)
a. rise b. rose c. raise d. claim
名词形式，名词所有格， rise: vi.&n.
11 Humphries soon becamem ____ Mendoza’s success. (ll.13-14)
a. jealous of b. disinterested in c. revolted by d. changed by
12 Mendoza finally _____ Humphries and became Champion of England. (ll.17-18)
a. conquered b. gained c. won d. beat
beat = debeat
conquer: 征服
gain: 赢得，获得
win: 赢得（比赛）
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A 12. D
L21 end （L21-03 6’39”） [ Lesson 21 31:00 ]
星沙英语网
New concept English 3 Unit 3 Lesson 22
（L21-03_22-01 8’49”） [ Lesson 22 31:54 ]
§ Lesson 22 By heart 熟记台词
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●run v. （戏剧、电影等）
●lines n. （剧本中的）台词
●part n. 剧中的角色，台词
●falter v. 支吾，结巴说
●cast (cast, cast ) v. 选派……扮演角色
●role n. 角色
●aristocrat n. 贵族
●imprison v. 关押
●Bastille . 巴士底狱
●gaoler n. 监狱长，看守连演，连映
●colleague n. 同事
●curtain n. （舞台中的）幕布
●reveal v. 使显露
●cell n. 单人监房，监号
●blank adj. 空白的
●squint v. 眯着（眼）看，瞄
●dim adj. 昏暗
●sire n. （古用法）陛下
●proceed v. 继续进行
■run v. （戏剧、电影等）
The film is so successful that it runs for several weeks.
■lines n. （剧本中的）台词
■part n. 剧中的角色，台词
■falter vi. 支吾，结巴说
stammer
He has practised the poem several times, so he has no cause to falter.
falter v. 蹒跚而行（=stgger）
He faltered home.
■cast (cast, cast ) v. 选派……扮演角色
●role n. 角色
The actor was cast in the role of hero.
■aristocrat n. 贵族
■imprison v. 关押
put sb imprison: 关押
He was imprisoned for 10 years.
imprisonment：n.
sentence sb to life imprisonment：判某人终生监禁
监狱：prison, jail, gaol
把……送进监狱
send sb. to prison == put sb in prison == throw sb into prison
in prison 坐牢
the prison 监狱
He is in prison / jail.
He is behind boars.
■Bastille . 巴士底狱
■gaoler n. 监狱长，看守连演，连映
■colleague n. 同事
■curtain n. （舞台中的）幕布
■reveal v. 使显露
The secret hasn’t been reveald.
reveal:揭露，揭穿，把什么露出来
A curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery.
disclose:揭发
discclose the truth
discover: 发现
uncover: 揭开具体的盖子
A very tight dress reveals the beautiful figure. 紧身的裙子露出了漂亮的身段。
revealabel adj. 可展现的
revealer: 探测器
■cell n. 单人监房，监号
■blank adj. 空白的
■squint . 眯着（眼）看，瞄
squint one's eyes 眯上眼睛
Eg.: He squinted his eyes and looked at the letter.
pear at : 眯着眼睛看
■dim adj. 昏暗
The room is too dim so I can;t read the letter.
gloomy:(天气，心情)抑郁的
The weather is gloomy today.
He is in gloomy mood.
dusky:(天色)昏暗的
Towards evening is getting dusky.
murly:（天色）漆黑的，黑暗的
I can’t go out at murky night.
misty:多雾的，迷蒙的
L21-22_22-01 end 15’32”
L22-02 begin 16’07”
The building is out of sight on such a misty day.
■sire n. （古用法）陛下
■proceed v. 继续进行
proceed vi. particular after stopping
proceed to / with:进行继续某事
Let’s proceed to business.
You must proceed with your work.
proceed from 从什么着手开始继续
They proceed from lesson 1.
procced from 起诉某人
Eg: He decided to proceed against his neighbour.
【Text】
§ Lesson 22 By heart 熟记台词
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
Which actor read the letter in the end, the aristocrat or the gaoler?
Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end. In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night. One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter. Yet this is not always the case.
A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years. In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart. The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his hands. He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual. It was simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines. The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me.' And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler. Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire. I must get my glasses.' With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner.
参考译文
有些剧目十分成功，以致连续上演好几年。这样一来，可怜的演员们可倒霉了。因为他们需要一夜连着一夜地重复同样的台词。人们以为，这些演员一定会把台词背得烂熟，绝不会临场结巴的，但情况却并不总是这样。
有一位名演员曾在一出极为成功的剧目中扮演一个贵族角色，这个贵族已在巴士底狱被关押了20年。在最后一幕中，狱卒手持一封信上场，然后将信交给狱中那位贵族。尽管那个贵族每场戏都得念一遍那封信。但他还是坚持要求将信的全文写在信纸上。
一天晚上，狱卒决定与他的同事开一个玩笑，看看他反复演出这么多场之后，是否已将信的内容记熟了。大幕拉开，最后一幕戏开演，贵族独自一人坐在铁窗后阴暗的牢房里。这时狱卒上场，手里拿着那封珍贵的信。狱卒走进牢房，将信交给贵族。但这回狱卒给贵族的信没有像往常那样把全文写全，而是一张白纸。狱卒热切地观察着，急于想了解他的同事是否记熟了台词。贵族盯着纸看了几秒钟，然后，眼珠一转，说道：“光线太暗，请给我读一下这封信。”说完，他一下子把信递给狱卒。狱卒发现自己连一个字也记不住，于是便说：“陛下，这儿光线的确太暗了，我得去眼镜拿来。”他一边说着，一边匆匆下台。贵族感到非常好笑的是：一会儿工夫，狱卒重新登台，拿来一副眼镜以及平时使用的那封信，然后为那囚犯念了起来。
【课文讲解】
by heart 熟记台词
on end
1．== continuously: 连续的，位于具体的时间之后
Eg: He sat there for hours on end.
We had hardly anything to eat for days on end.
2． ==upright 竖着
Eg: The cat's fur stood on end.
I got a big shock so my hear stood on end.我吓了一大跳，以致于毛骨悚然。
who = actor, 关系代词做主语，不能省略
Eg.: The student who was required to recite the poem 100 times is really poor.
learn/ know by heart: 把……牢记在心
Eg.: The sentence is so important that you must learn it by heart.
heart and soul 全心全意的，全身心的
Eg: We serve the students heart and soul
take heart 鼓起勇气，恢复信心
lose heart 失去信心
lose heart to sb= give heart to sb: 轻信于某人
Eg: The boy lost his heart to the girl
put one's heart into sth: 致力于某事
Eg: Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人
have one's heart in one's boots提心吊胆
Eg: He had his heart in his boots when he went out alone at night.
even though = even if = though / although
at each performance = at every performance
insist: 坚决要求，suggest:建议， order:命令，demand:要求，require:要求
表示建议/要求/希望，和that宾语从句搭配，that从句必须出现should + 动词原形的虚拟，should 可以省略。
in full==fully=completely
play a joke(cheek) on sb: 开某人玩笑
on the final act == in the last act
with，独立主格结构
hand to == present sth. to == pass to 把……递给某人
as usual
look on 旁观
anxious,形容词短语做伴随状况状语
stare at 一眨不眨地
squinting: ing形式，做方式状语，伴随状况状语
prmptly ==immediately
with this 说完这话
hurry off
much, 用来加强语气
play a joke on 开玩笑; play a trick on 捉弄，单方面取乐
have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑，强调两人共同取乐
Eg.: He laughs best who laughs last. 笑到最后的才是笑得最好的。
L22-02 end 16’07”
L22-03 begin 11’11”
【Multiple choice q
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