unix系统调用大全.doc

函数名: abort
功 能: 异常终止一个进程
用 法: void abort(void);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <stdlib.h>;
int main(void)
{
printf("Calling abort()\n");
abort();
return 0; /* This is never reached */
}

函数名: abs
功 能: 求整数的绝对值
用 法: int abs(int i);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <math.h>;

int main(void)
{
int number = -1234;

printf("number: %d absolute value: %d\n", number, abs(number));
return 0;
}

函数名: absread, abswirte
功 能: 绝对磁盘扇区读、写数据
用 法: int absread(int drive, int nsects, int sectno, void *buffer);
int abswrite(int drive, int nsects, in tsectno, void *buffer);
程序例:
/* absread example */

#include <stdio.h>;
#include <conio.h>;
#include <process.h>;
#include <dos.h>;

int main(void)
{
int i, strt, ch_out, sector;
char buf[512];

printf("Insert a diskette into drive A and press any key\n");
getch();
sector = 0;
if (absread(0, 1, sector, &buf) != 0)
{
perror("Disk problem");
exit(1);
}
printf("Read OK\n");
strt = 3;
for (i=0; i<80; i++)
{
ch_out = buf[strt+i];
putchar(ch_out);
}
printf("\n");
return(0);
}

函数名: access
功 能: 确定文件的访问权限
用 法: int access(const char *filename, int amode);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <io.h>;

int file_exists(char *filename);

int main(void)
{
printf("Does NOTEXIST.FIL exist: %s\n",
file_exists("NOTEXISTS.FIL") ? "YES" : "NO");
return 0;
}

int file_exists(char *filename)
{
return (access(filename, 0) == 0);
}

函数名: acos
功 能: 反余弦函数
用 法: double acos(double x);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <math.h>;

int main(void)
{
double result;
double x = 0.5;

result = acos(x);
printf("The arc cosine of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
return 0;
}

函数名: allocmem
功 能: 分配DOS存储段
用 法: int allocmem(unsigned size, unsigned *seg);
程序例:
#include <dos.h>;
#include <alloc.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;

int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat;

size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %x\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %u\n",
stat);

return 0;
}

函数名: arc
功 能: 画一弧线
用 法: void far arc(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle, int radius);
程序例:
#include <graphics.h>;
#include <stdlib.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <conio.h>;

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int radius = 100;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult(); /* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();

exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor());

/* draw arc */
arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, radius);

/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: asctime
功 能: 转换日期和时间为ASCII码
用 法: char *asctime(const struct tm *tblock);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <string.h>;
#include <time.h>;

int main(void)
{
struct tm t;
char str[80];

/* sample loading of tm structure */

t.tm_sec = 1; /* Seconds */
t.tm_min = 30; /* Minutes */
t.tm_hour = 9; /* Hour */
t.tm_mday = 22; /* Day of the Month */
t.tm_mon = 11; /* Month */
t.tm_year = 56; /* Year - does not include century */
t.tm_wday = 4; /* Day of the week */
t.tm_yday = 0; /* Does not show in asctime */
t.tm_isdst = 0; /* Is Daylight SavTime; does not show in asctime */

/* converts structure to null terminated
string */

strcpy(str, asctime(&t));
printf("%s\n", str);

return 0;
}

函数名: asin
功 能: 反正弦函数
用 法: double asin(double x);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <math.h>;

int main(void)
{
double result;
double x = 0.5;

result = asin(x);
printf("The arc sin of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
return(0);
}

函数名: assert
功 能: 测试一个条件并可能使程序终止
用 法: void assert(int test);
程序例:
#include <assert.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <stdlib.h>;

struct ITEM {
int key;
int value;
};

/* add item to list, make sure list is not null */
void additem(struct ITEM *itemptr) {
assert(itemptr != NULL);
/* add item to list */
}

int main(void)
{
additem(NULL);
return 0;
}

函数名: atan
功 能: 反正切函数
用 法: double atan(double x);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <math.h>;

int main(void)
{
double result;
double x = 0.5;

result = atan(x);
printf("The arc tangent of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
return(0);
}

函数名: atan2
功 能: 计算Y/X的反正切值
用 法: double atan2(double y, double x);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <math.h>;

int main(void)
{
double result;
double x = 90.0, y = 45.0;

result = atan2(y, x);
printf("The arc tangent ratio of %lf is %lf\n", (y / x), result);
return 0;
}

函数名: atexit
功 能: 注册终止函数
用 法: int atexit(atexit_t func);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <stdlib.h>;

void exit_fn1(void)
{
printf("Exit function #1 called\n");
}

void exit_fn2(void)
{
printf("Exit function #2 called\n");
}

int main(void)
{
/* post exit function #1 */
atexit(exit_fn1);
/* post exit function #2 */
atexit(exit_fn2);
return 0;
}

函数名: atof
功 能: 把字符串转换成浮点数
用 法: double atof(const char *nptr);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;

int main(void)
{
float f;
char *str = "12345.67";

f = atof(str);
printf("string = %s float = %f\n", str, f);
return 0;
}

函数名: atoi
功 能: 把字符串转换成长整型数
用 法: int atoi(const char *nptr);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;

int main(void)
{
int n;
char *str = "12345.67";

n = atoi(str);
printf("string = %s integer = %d\n", str, n);
return 0;
}

函数名: atol
功 能: 把字符串转换成长整型数
用 法: long atol(const char *nptr);
程序例:

#include <stdlib.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;

int main(void)
{
long l;
char *str = "98765432";

l = atol(lstr);
printf("string = %s integer = %ld\n", str, l);
return(0);
}
函数名: bar
功 能: 画一个二维条形图
用 法: void far bar(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);
程序例:
#include <graphics.h>;
#include <stdlib.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <conio.h>;

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;

/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=SOLID_FILL; i<USER_FILL; i++)
{
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor());

/* draw the bar */
bar(midx-50, midy-50, midx+50,
midy+50);

getch();
}

/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: bar3d
功 能: 画一个三维条形图
用 法: void far bar3d(int left, int top, int right, int bottom,
int depth, int topflag);
程序例:

#include <graphics.h>;
#include <stdlib.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <conio.h>;

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;

/* initialize graphics, local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with error code */
}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;

/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; i++)
{
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor());

/* draw the 3-d bar */
bar3d(midx-50, midy-50, midx+50, midy+50, 10, 1);

getch();
}

/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: bdos
功 能: DOS系统调用
用 法: int bdos(int dosfun, unsigned dosdx, unsigned dosal);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>;
#include <dos.h>;

/* Get current drive as 'A', 'B', ... */
char current_drive(void)
{
char curdrive;

/* Get current disk as 0, 1, ... */
curdrive = bdos(0x19, 0, 0);
return('A' + curdrive);
}

int main(void)
{
printf("The current drive is %c:\n", current_drive());
return 0;
}

函数名: bdosptr
功 能: DOS系统调用
用 法: int bdosptr(int dosfun, void *argument, unsigned dosal);
程序例:

#include <string.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;
#include <dir.h>;
#include <dos.h>;
#include <errno.h>;
#include <stdlib.h>;

#define BUFLEN 80

int main(void)
{
char buffer[BUFLEN];
int test;

printf("Enter full pathname of a directory\n");
gets(buffer);

test = bdosptr(0x3B,buffer,0);
if(test)
{
printf("DOS error message: %d\n", errno);
/* See errno.h for error listings */
exit (1);
}

getcwd(buffer, BUFLEN);
printf("The current directory is: %s\n", buffer);

return 0;
}

函数名: bioscom
功 能: 串行I/O通信
用 法: int bioscom(int cmd, char abyte, int port);
程序例:

#include <bios.h>;
#include <conio.h>;

#define COM1 0
#define DATA_READY 0x100
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

#define SETTINGS ( 0x80 | 0x02 | 0x00 | 0x00)

int main(void)
{
int in, out, status, DONE = FALSE;

bioscom(0, SETTINGS, COM1);
cprintf("... BIOSCOM [ESC] to exit ...\n");
while (!DONE)
{
status = bioscom(3, 0, COM1);
if (status & DATA_READY)
if ((out = bioscom(2, 0, COM1) & 0x7F) != 0)
putch(out);
if (kbhit())
{
if ((in = getch()) == '\x1B')
DONE = TRUE;
bioscom(1, in, COM1);
}
}
return 0;
}

函数名: biosdisk
功 能: 软硬盘I/O
用 法: int biosdisk(int cmd, int drive, int head, int track, int sector
int nsects, void *buffer);
程序例:

#include <bios.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;

int main(void)
{
int result;
char buffer[512];

printf("Testing to see if drive a: is ready\n");
result = biosdisk(4,0,0,0,0,1,buffer);
result &= 0x02;
(result) ? (printf("Drive A: Ready\n")) :
(printf("Drive A: Not Ready\n"));

return 0;
}

函数名: biosequip
功 能: 检查设备
用 法: int biosequip(void);
程序例:

#include <bios.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;

int main(void)
{
int result;
char buffer[512];

printf("Testing to see if drive a: is ready\n");
result = biosdisk(4,0,0,0,0,1,buffer);
result &= 0x02;
(result) ? (printf("Drive A: Ready\n")) :
(printf("Drive A: Not Ready\n"));

return 0;
}

函数名: bioskey
功 能: 直接使用BIOS服务的键盘接口
用 法: int bioskey(int cmd);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>;
#include <bios.h>;
#include <ctype.h>;

#define RIGHT 0x01
#define LEFT 0x02
#define CTRL 0x04
#define ALT 0x08

int main(void)
{
int key, modifiers;

/* function 1 returns 0 until a key is pressed */
while (bioskey(1) == 0);

/* function 0 returns the key that is waiting */
key = bioskey(0);

/* use function 2 to determine if shift keys were used */
modifiers = bioskey(2);
if (modifiers)
{
printf("[");
if (modifiers & RIGHT) printf("RIGHT");
if (modifiers & LEFT) printf("LEFT");
if (modifiers & CTRL) printf("CTRL");
if (modifiers & ALT) printf("ALT");
printf("]");
}
/* print out the character read */
if (isalnum(key & 0xFF))
printf("'%c'\n", key);
else
printf("%#02x\n", key);
return 0;
}

函数名: biosmemory
功 能: 返回存储块大小
用 法:int biosmemory(void);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>;
#include <bios.h>;

int main(void)
{
int memory_size;

memory_size = biosmemory(); /* returns value up to 640K */
printf("RAM size = %dK\n",memory_size);
return 0;
}

函数名: biosprint
功 能: 直接使用BIOS服务的打印机I/O
用 法: int biosprint(int cmd, int byte, int port);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>;
#include <conio.h>;
#include <bios.h>;

int main(void)
{
#define STATUS 2 /* printer status command */
#define PORTNUM 0 /* port number for LPT1 */

int status, abyte=0;

printf("Please turn off your printer. Press any key to continue\n");
getch();
status = biosprint(STATUS, abyte, PORTNUM);
if (status & 0x01)
printf("Device time out.\n");
if (status & 0x08)
printf("I/O error.\n");

if (status & 0x10)
printf("Selected.\n");
if (status & 0x20)
printf("Out of paper.\n");

if (status & 0x40)
printf("Acknowledge.\n");
if (status & 0x80)
printf("Not busy.\n");

return 0;
}

函数名: biostime
功 能: 读取或设置BIOS时间
用 法: long biostime(int cmd, long newtime);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>;
#include <bios.h>;
#include <time.h>;
#include <conio.h>;

int main(void)
{
long bios_time;

clrscr();
cprintf("The number of clock ticks since midnight is:\r\n");
cprintf("The number of seconds since midnight is:\r\n");
cprintf("The number of minutes since midnight is:\r\n");
cprintf("The number of hours since midnight is:\r\n");
cprintf("\r\nPress any key to quit:");
while(!kbhit())
{
bios_time = biostime(0, 0L);

gotoxy(50, 1);
cprintf("%lu", bios_time);

gotoxy(50, 2);
cprintf("%.4f", bios_time / CLK_TCK);

gotoxy(50, 3);
cprintf("%.4f", bios_time / CLK_TCK / 60);

gotoxy(50, 4);
cprintf("%.4f", bios_time / CLK_TCK / 3600);
}
return 0;
}

函数名: brk
功 能: 改变数据段空间分配
用 法: int brk(void *endds);
程序例:

#include <stdio.h>;
#include <alloc.h>;

int main(void)
{
char *ptr;

printf("Changing allocation with brk()\n");
ptr = malloc(1);
printf("Before brk() call: %lu bytes free\n", coreleft());
brk(ptr+1000);
printf(" After brk() call: %lu bytes free\n", coreleft());
return 0;
}

函数名: bsearch
功 能: 二分法搜索
用 法: void *bsearch(const void *key, const void *base, size_t *nelem,
size_t width, int(*fcmp)(const void *, const *));
程序例:

#include <stdlib.h>;
#include <stdio.h>;

#define NELEMS(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]))

int numarray[] = {123, 145, 512, 627, 800, 933};

int numeric (const int *p1, const int *p2)
{
return(*p1 - *p2);
}

int lookup(int key)
{
int *itemptr;

/* The cast of (int(*)(const void *,const void*))
is needed to avoid a type mismatch error at
compile time */
itemptr = bsearch (&key, numarray, NELEMS(numarray),
sizeof(int), (int(*)(const void *,const void *))numeric);
return (itemptr != NULL);
}

int main(void)
{
if (lookup(512))
printf("512 is in the table.\n");
else
printf("512 isn't in the table.\n");

return 0;
}
函数名: ca