初中英语专项阅读——健康生活.doc

初中英语专项阅读—健康生活

A
Eating low-fat foods leads to 28-45 percent more calorie intake.
Recent studies in movie theatres, holiday receptions(招待会), and homes showed people eat an average(平均数) of 28% more total calories when they eat low-fat snacks than regular ones. “Fat people can eat up to 45% more,” said researcher Brian Wansink (Ph.D.), in the book, Mindless Eating: Why We Eat More Than We Think.
“People don’t realize that low-fat foods are not always low-calorie foods,” says Wansink. Fat is often replaced with sugar. Low-fat snacks are an average of 11% lower in calories, but people wrongly believe they are around 40% lower.
In one study, two groups of people attending a holiday open house were given the same regular chocolates that were labeled(标注) as either “Regular” or as “Low-fat”. People served themselves an average of a third more of the candies, which would have translated into 28% more calories if they had actually been low-fat. A second study showed this is because “people believe they will feel comfortable eating the low-fat foods, so they tend to overindulge(暴食),” says Pierre Chandon, co-author and marketing professor at INSEAD in France. Fat is often replaced with sugar.
For policy makers and companies, the message is that new “low-fat” foods are unlikely to solve the fat problem. People are very likely to overeat low-fat foods even if they don’t like them as much as the regular ones.
For dieters, there’s also clear message. As Wansink advises in the book Mindless Eating, “Stick with the regular one, but eat a little bit less. It’s better for both your diet and your taste buds(味蕾).”
True (T) or False (F):
( )1. The underlined word “intake” means “摄入量” in Chinese.
( )2. When people eat low-fat snacks, they will eat an average of 45% more calories.
( )3. Mindless Eating is a book about how to cook healthy foods.
( )4. People tend to eat too many low-fat foods according to the study in the passage.
( )5. Wansink thinks it better to eat low-fat foods a little bit less.

B
In North America, people are always in a hurry. Children have special lessons or sport activities after school. Parents often work late and don’t get home until 7 or 8 o’clock at night. More than 50% of women work at full-time jobs, and many people do part-time work. Most North American families don’t have time to eat meals together.
When a family takes time to eat a meal together, often there isn’t enough time to prepare the food. That is why fast food is so popular in North America. People spend about 40% of their dollars on fast food.
Fast food is food such as pizza, sandwiches, or fried chicken. People usually buy the food from restaurant chains(连锁店) such as Pizza Hut, McDonald’s, or Kentucky Fried Chicken. Fast food saves work and time, but it is not very nutritious(有营养的).
Fast food is popular in many countries. American fast-food companies now have restaurants nearly all over the world. But not everyone is happy about the spread of North American fast food. A group of people in Italy want to fight against the spread of American fast food. They do not want any more fast food restaurants opened in their country. They also want to fight against the spread of fast food everywhere in the world.
Choose the best answer according to the passage.
( )1. Children in North America ______.
A. don’t go home until 7 or 8 o’clock at night
B. have dinner with their parents every evening
C. do part-time work after school
D. often have sport activities after school
( )2. The second paragraph tells us ______.
A. something about American women
B. where to have fast food
C. why people like to have fast food
D. how to spend one’s money on fast food
( )3. One disadvantage about fast food is that ______.
A. it is too fast
B. it is not good for people’s health
C. a family can’t have it together
D. it takes people too much time
( )4. According to the writer, ______.
A. people in many countries like fast food
B. fast food is not at all welcome in North America
C. people in North America spend all their money on fast food
D. slow food is more popular in North America
( )5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. In North America people have special lessons or sport activities after work.
B. Fast food is so popular in Italy.
C. Some people don’t like fast food and they want to stop it from spreading.
D. There isn’t any fast food restaurant in Italy.

C
There are not many foods in the world that are as nice as chocolate. If you really love it, just thinking about it can make your mouth water! When you love chocolate, you may also eat a lot of it. But wait just a minute, isn’t that bad for our health?
There are different opinions on chocolate and health. Some people think that chocolate gives people pimples(痘痘) and bad teeth, it has very little nutrition and makes people fat. But some scientists say that eating chocolate makes people feel happy and excited. They say if we don’t eat too much, chocolate is OK.
Earlier this month, US researchers also said that dark chocolate is good for the heart. They said something in it can make the heart’s arteries(动脉) get bigger and help blood move through your body better.
That’s not the only good news for chocolate lovers.
Some scientists already say that eating chocolate doesn’t give people pimples or make them worse. It is not always what you eat that gives you pimples. Chocolate only gives people bad teeth if they eat too much at a time. The sugar in chocolate can be bad for the teeth, but the cocoa butter can be good for them.
Answer the following questions according to the passage.
1. What does the underlined expression “make your mouth water” mean in Chinese?
_________________________________________
2. Why do some scientists say if people don’t eat too much, chocolate is OK?
_________________________________________
3. Which kind of chocolate is good for people’s heart?
_________________________________________
4. How many advantages about chocolate are mentioned in the passage?
_________________________________________
5. What’s the writer’s opinion on chocolate according to the passage?
_________________________________________.

D
If you are writing or studying, it makes very much difference where the light comes from. People who use books and pens every day 1 to be especially careful about the direction from which the light shines on their work.
A house gets its light 2 from daylight through windows 3 is very good to use or from the lamps; but no matter what kind of light it is, the direction it slants(倾斜) towards our books or our work is a matter of great 4 to the eyes.
Take a book, stand with your back toward the window, and try to read. Your shadow falls across the page and makes it bad for your eyes as if you were in a 5 room.
Now turn 6 and face the window. The page is in the shadow again, while the bright light is in your 7 .
Try standing with your right side towards the window. This is very good for reading, 8 if you were writing, the shadow would 9 the page and trouble you a little.
This is just one other way: stand with your 10 side to the window. Now everything is perfect for reading and for writing, too.
Whatever kind of light is in the room, the rule about the right way to sit is always the same.
Choose the best word or phrase to complete the passage.
( )1. A. want B. have
C. know D. try
( )2. A. either B. neither
C. both D. none
( )3. A. what B. who
C. which D. how
( )4. A. harm B. sorry
C. illness D. importance
( )5. A. dark B. bright
C. colorful D. small
( )6. A. over B. around
C. up D. off
( )7. A. eyes B. face
C. back D. book
( )8. A. but B. and
C. or D. so
( )9. A. fall B. fall down
C. fall across D. fall into
( )10. A. right B. left
C. back D. face

Key: A 1-5 TFFTT B 1-5 DCBAC
C 1. 使你流口水
2. Because eating chocolate can make people feel happy and excited.
3. Dark chocolate.
4. Three.
5. He thinks that chocolate has got both advantages and disadvantages.
D 1-5 BACDA 6-10 BAACB

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