高考英语阅读理解、完形填空高分技巧.doc

2012高考英语阅读理解、完形填空九大技巧及强化训练
1.先通读，后细读
阅读一篇文章，最好采用先通读、再细读的策略。首先要快速浏览全文，这一点非常重要。因为一篇文章是一个整体，是围绕一个中心思想组织的。如果我们了解了文章大体讲的是什么，有了整个篇章的结构模式，就有利于我们理顺句子或段落间的关系，准确地把握文章的主旨，同时也有利于我们在解题过程中有重点地细读部分内容。
一篇文章无论长短，要做到一口气读下来。对于生词，只要不妨碍我们理解主要内容，可暂时放下不管。如果我们读读停停，左顾右盼，往往会把文章完整的体系读破了，有碍于对文章整体的理解。在掌握了文章的大体内容后，我们再根据需要解答的问题逐句细读，认真分析词义及句子结构，从而更准确地把握文章的具体内容。
Passage A
阅读理解
An old friend from California called from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was not able to leave the office, but I had made plans for his arrival. After explaining (解释) where my new house was, I told him that I had left the key under the doormat (门垫). Since I knew it would be pretty late before I could get home, I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator(电冰箱).①
Two hours later my friend phoned me from the house. At the moment, he said, he was listening to some of my records after having had a delicious meal. Now, he said, he was drinking a glass of orange juice. When I asked him if he had had any difficulty finding the house, he answered that the only problem was that he had not been able to find the key under the doormat, but luckily, the living room window by the apple tree had been left open and he had climbed in through the window. I listened to all this in great surprise.② There is no apple tree outside my window, but there is one by the living room window of my nextdoor neighbor's house!
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. An old friend of mine called ______.
A. to tell me to meet him at the airport
B. to tell me about his arrival
C. to ask me to leave the office
D. to ask me to make plans for his arrival
2. My friend climbed into the room because ______ .
A. there was an apple tree outside
B. the living room window was left open
C. he had difficulty opening the door
D. he hadn't found the key
3. My friend telephoned me two hours later ______ .
A. from my home
B. at the airport
C. in his office
D. from my neighbor's house
难句注释
① I suggested that he make himself at home and help himself to anything that was in the refrigerator.
我建议他不要客气，随意吃冰箱里的东西。
Total words:211
Reading time: ______
Reading speed: ______
② I listened to all this in great surprise.
我很吃惊地听着这一切。
in surprise 意为“吃惊地”。
Passage B
阅读理解
If you know me well, you know I don't like birthday parties. At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.① I enjoy them when theyre for other people, but when theyre for me, I just don't like them.
I remember one birthday party some friends of mine had for me when I was a student at the university. Of course, I had told my best friend Henry that I didn't want a party and I made him promise he wouldn't do anything. He agreed. I should have known better than to believe him.②
On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I don't know, three or half past three. We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain (浴帘), a kind of strange female(女) voice started singing, “Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you.”
And then from all over the room, people joined in. There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room.
They had got my roommate's key and got in earlier. They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing. I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash my hands.③
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. I got home from school at 3 or 3:30 on the day of my birthday.
B. I dislike birthday parties held for me.
C. Henry agreed that he would not do anything on my birthday.
D. I knew there were some of my friends hiding in my room.
2. I usually went into the ______ when I got home from school.
A. living room
B. bedroom
C. bathroom
D. dining room
3. What did my friends plan to do?
A. They planned to leave the room as soon as possible.
B. They planned to sing as loudly as they could.
C. They planned to eat in the bathroom.
D. They had planned to come out of hiding places together.
难句注释
① At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.
至少我不喜欢为我开的生日晚会。
Total words:223
Reading time: ______
Reading speed: ______
② I should have known better than to believe him.
我本应知道他要做什么而不该相信他的。
should have known是虚拟语气，意为“本应知道而未知”。
③ I really upset their plans by going in...
我进去只是洗一下手，却真的打乱了他们的计划。
by doing sth.
通过做某事的方式。
Passage C
阅读理解
In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fairweather friends.① They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities (品质) of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠).
Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person's place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults (过错) in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.②
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on (信赖) a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun.③ We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience (经验) and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor (幽默), too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I've found a friend!
根据文章内容，选择正确答案：
1. Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend?
A. understanding.
B. honesty.
C. reliability.
D. a sense of humor.
2. If you have fair weather friends, ______ .
A. they will give you all that they have when you need help
B. you will be refused when you get into trouble
C. you will become rich
D. you can be sure that you get real friends
3. Good friends need to ______.
A. always point out each other's mistakes
B. be helped with money
C. understand each other's feelings
D. have money or luck
4. This passage mainly discuss ______ .
A. the qualities of a friend
B. where to choose friends
C. how to get along with friends
D. the importance of having a friend
难句注释
①Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends.
有时你会遇到不能与你共患难的朋友。
②In short, a friend will try to understand me
Total words:362
Reading time: ______
Reading speed: ______
and accept me. 总之，一个朋友会尽量理解我、接受我。
in short 意为“简而言之”。
③A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun.
一个特殊的朋友是和我们在一起共快乐的人。
with whom we can have fun是定语从句，修饰someone。
定语从句及连词
答题秘诀二
as与which均可替代整个主句
在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句. 如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。 介词/逗号后, 永远不用that!
They failed in the exam，as/which is natural.
As is known to all，the earth moves around the sun.
He passed the College Entrance Examination, made his parents very happy.
A. as B. which C. that D. it
关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。As引导的定性定语从句有"正如"之意，而which引导的没有。
〖2010全国Ⅰ〗As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
空格设置在名词school后, 且school后有逗号, 此题考查非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school, 它在定于从句中做主语, 因此使用关系代词, 选项中的关系代词只有which和that, 由于是非限定性定语从句, 不能使用that, 因此选择A。
〖2010四川〗After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, which代替前边整个句子。句意为： “大学毕业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”
〖2009山东〗Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who B. which C. when D. that
不论何时遇见她, 她总是用甜美的微笑和我打招呼,这是非常经常的事。考查非限制性定语从句, 从句_________ was fairly often插在主句中的时间状语从句后, 关系代词which可代替主句整个句子的意思并在从句中作主语。答案B。
〖2009辽宁〗They’ve won their last three matches, ________I find a bit surprising
A. that B. when C. what D. which
此处意思是 “他们赢得了最后的三场比赛, 我觉得这确实有点让人意外”, which代替上句 “They’ve won their last three matches”做find的宾语, 选D。A项不能用于非限制性定语从句中, B, C此处没有他们的意思。

状语从句及连词
While是解!

◆常接持续性的动词，强调主从句谓语动作同时发生，常用进行时。有时还有对比意义，意为“然而”。
◆主句从句主语不同,表示“而…”
I do every single bit of housework __ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since B. while C. when D. as
◆While置于句首可表示As long as 或 Although
While there is life there is hope.
While I admit his good points, I can see his bad ones.
（2008湖南)______ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. If B. While C. Because D. As

〖2011四川卷〗 volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While
虽然排球是她的主要项目，但她还擅长篮球。while“虽然，尽管”。答案D。
〖2010全国Ⅰ〗Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal .
A. so that B. although C. while D. as if
so that译为 “以便”表示目的, although译为 “尽管, 虽然”, as if译为 “好像”, while译为 “当….的时候”, 因此while符合句意, 选择C。
〖2009安徽〗—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free the third costs $30.
A. while B. until C. when D. before
while表转折 “而, 然而”。根据句子意思, 前两份免费, 而第三份要$30。
〖2006全国Ⅱ〗We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, , in fact, there were 40.
A.while B.whether C.what D.which
此题考查连词的用法。while在此表示转折, 意为 “但是, 而”。
〖2006天津〗The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A.since B.when C.as D.while
根据句中among the lowest in Britain和probably one of the highest可知前后的意义存在对比；while用作连词, 可用于表示对比或相反的情况, “而；但是”。

名词性从句
区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。
需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成份时，指人用who/whom，指物用what; 不缺意思和成份时用that。That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。
缺成分时,what和whatever是第一高频答案!
引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。
◆____ we can’t get∧ seems better than ____ we have∧.
A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what
本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。
◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：
That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
A．this B．that C．what D．which
考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C
〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
A. why B. how C. what D. which
in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C.
〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money.
A.why B.when C.which D.what
所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。
〖2011北京卷〗 Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom
考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。
冠词
和某些抽象名词连用，使其具体化,一般以What和It做主语!
抽象名词前加a／an表具体的人或物。抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，如Failure is the mother of success.
success(抽象名词) → a success(具体化) 成功的人或事
a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事
a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西
〖2011山东卷〗Take your time—it’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant.
A.不填；the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填；a
句意为“别急—从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。”a short distance短距离，是固定搭配的短语；the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆，故用the特指。答案：B
〖2011浙江卷〗 Experts think that ______recently discovered painting may be ______ Picsso.
A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a
句意为“专家认为，最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”the painting特指最近发现的油画；a Picsso意为a Picsso’s painting，指毕加索的一件作品，有one的含义。答案：D

〖2010福建〗It’s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.
A. 不填, a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the

good feeling并非特指, 故用a；pleasure是抽象名词, 无需冠词。句意为 “人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐, 这是（一）种不错的感觉” a good feeling , 一种不错的感觉, give sb pleasure。〖答案〗B

a／an与专有名词连用表示“一个叫什么的人”“一个像什么的人”“…的作品／制品”或表示不确定，如a Sunday,a Monday等。
(2006全国卷) —Hello，could I speak to Mr． Smith?
　　 —Sorry,wrong number, There isn’t_______ Mr． Smith here．
　　A．不填 B．a C．the D．one
题意为：这儿没有一个叫史密斯的。史密斯是姓氏，史密斯先生很多，aMr． Smith表示其中一位。【答案】B
　 (2005山东卷)I knew__________John Lennon，but not_________famous one．
　　A．不填;a B．a；the C. 不填;the D．the；a
题意为：我原先认识一个叫约翰列农的人，不是那个著名的约翰列农。据题意可知叫约翰列农的人很多他只是其中一位，故用a；那位著名的也即是特指的，应用the。

a／an与专有名词连用表示“一个叫什么的人”“一个像什么的人”“…的作品／制品”或表示不确定，如a Sunday,a Monday等。
(2005山东卷)I knew__________John Lennon，but not_________famous one．
　　A．不填;a B．a；the C. 不填;the D．the；a
题意为：我原先认识一个叫约翰列农的人，不是那个著名的约翰列农。据题意可知叫约翰列农的人很多他只是其中一位，故用a；那位著名的也即是特指的，应用the。
　 (2005湖南卷)I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left______city．I only remember it was_______Monday．
　　A．the，the B．a，the C．a，a D．the，a
　　题意为：我记不清罗宾逊一家人何时离开这坐城市了。我只记得是星期一。第一空用the表示双方都明白的人或物；第二空用a表示不确定的某个周一。【答案】D
〖2010江苏〗The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.
A.不填； a B. 不填；the C. the； a D. the； the
第一空,来自社会各阶层的人. 是不特指,不用冠词. 第二空, 在Jiangsu 前有形容词new 因此,应加冠词a.表示一个全新的江苏.〖答案〗A.

具有动词意义的名词前用a／an其意义相当于动词，如take a look=look．
(2007四川卷)How about taking_______short break?I want to make______call．
　　A．the；a B．a;the C．the;the D．a；a
　 稍稍休息如何?我想打个电话。break相当于rest，make a call相当于call．【答案】D
　 (2007天津卷)I wanted to catch_____early train,but could’t get______ride to the station．
　　A．an；the B．／；the C．an；／ D．the；a
　 题意为：我想赶早班车但没能找到到车站去的车。第一空用the表示双方都明白的人或物；第二空用a，get a ride=ride．【答案】D
　　(2007浙江卷)I like_____color of your skirt．It is______good match for your blouse
　　A. a;the B．a；a C.the；a D．the;the
　　我喜欢你的衬衫的颜色,与你的短裙极相配。a good match相当于match wel