条件状语从句(备课).doc

条件状语从句：（if或unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时；条件状语从句中一般不使用将来时态，尽管主句使用将来时态，而从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。）
1. If：1）在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:
　 If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
　 If you fail in the exam, you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。

2）表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:
If I were you, I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic. 如果没有堵车,我会到的早一点儿。

2. Unless 除非,若不,除非在……的时候
You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.
如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。
Unless it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。
固定搭配：unless = if...not.　
　　e.g. Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
　　 If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.

3. on condition(that) ...在……条件下
I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.
我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保守秘密。
You can go swimming on condition (that) you don't go too far from the river bank
你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。
4. supposing 如果,假如 supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件。
Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?
倘若下雨,我们的运动会还要继续举行吗?
Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then?
假如出了什么问题,你准备怎么对付?
5. Provided 假如,除非,以……为条件 provided (that) +从句表示一种假设条件。
He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms.
如果我们提出更优惠的条件,他就会在合同上签字。
He won't be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.
如果我们提前征求一下他的意见,他就不会在会上反对我们。

有些句子,虽没有含条件关系的连词,却也隐含着条件关系,这些句子常用一些词,如but for, without等引出一个介词结构来表示条件,条件常常是虚拟的,或与事实相反的假设。
　　如: but for若非,要不是
But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey. 要不是下雨,我们的旅行肯定很愉快。
But for your help, we should not have finished in time.　

6. so/as long as 只要 in case 以防
　　So long as you’re happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.
　　只要你高兴，你做什么都没有关系。
　　You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.
　　只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。
　　Take your umbrella in case it rains.
　　带着你的伞吧，以防下雨。

练习：
1. If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time.
A. will go B. went C. go D. going
2. It will be a long time ____ Peter _____ his work.
A. since, has finished B. after, finishes C. when, will finish D. before, finishes.
3. What will father _____ us from Japan?
A. take B. bring C. carry D. make
4. Weifang is famous ______ kites. A. for B. to C. on D. with
5． I ____ her the answer if she ____me.
A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks
6. – What are you going to do tomorrow? --We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ____.
A. isn’t rain B. rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain
7.—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?
--Sorry, I don’t know. When he ____ back, I’ll tell you.
A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come
8. What will you do if you _____ to the old folk’s home visit?
A. go B. went C. going D. will go
9. If I eat ____ food, I’ll be very fat.
A. too many B. many too C. too much D. much too
10. I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday.
A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came
11. There ____an English film in our school tomorrow.
A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. has
12. Could you tell us where ____？
A. will the next Olympic Games held
B. the next Olympic Games will be held
C. would the next Olympic Games be held
D. the next Olympic Games would be held
13. When my mother returned last night, I ____ a book.
A. read B. am reading C. was reading D. am going to read
14.What ____ you ____ when it began to rain?
A. do, do B. were, doing C. are, doing D. did, do
15. I’ll wake you up when he ____back.
A. will B. is going to come C. comes D. come
1---5 CDBAD 6---10 DAACB 11---15 CBCBC

( ) 1.If it ______ sunny tomorrow, I ____ boating. a. is go b. will be, go c. is, will go d. will be, will go
( ) 2.---- what will you do if it ______ tomorrow. ----I’ll stay at home and watch TV.
a. rain b. rains c. will rain d. is raining

II. 同义句转换
1. Run fast, or you’ll be late for school. = _______ you _______ _______ fast, you’ll be late for school.
2. You can buy the dictionary if you take enough money with you.
Take enough money with you, ______ _____ ______ buy the dictionary.
3. If there is no air, none of us can live. = None of us can live _______ _________.

1. If you don't run fast, you’ll be late for school.
2. Take enough money with you, and you can buy the dictionary.
3. None of us can live without air.

目的状语从句：
　　引导词有：that（以便），so that（以便）， in order that（为了；以便），Lest（免得；唯恐）， for fear that（生怕；以免）；
　　目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。
Say it louder(so)that everyone can hear you. 大声说，以便大家都能听到你。
　　I am telling you that lest you should make a mistake. 我告诉你这一点以免你搞错。

　　【注意】in order that与in order to的区别：
　　in order that+从句
in order to+动词原形
1. so … that…/ such ….that
so和such的区别：
such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组；
so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
　　so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers 　　so much / little money
so many people such a lot of people
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school
2. so that
　　Everyone lend a hand, so that the sowing was done in time.
3. so much so that 到如此程度以致于
　　He was very weak, so much so that he could not walk.
　　I long to visit Beijing, so much so that I dream about it every night.
4. 注意结构状语从句与too….to.., enough to…, so… as to结构的不同。

1. Pop music is such an important part of society ____ it has even influence our language.
　　A. as B. that C. which D. where
2. His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it. (2006陕西)
　　A. so B. and C. that D. as
3. We were in ____ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海)
　　A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush
　　C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush

结果状语从句
1. so that可以引导目的状语从句， 也可以引导结果状语从句。
E.g.: He worried so that he couldn’t sleep.他急得睡不着。(结果状语从句)
It was very cold, so that the river froze.天气寒冷， 河水都结冰了。(结果)
I came to the class early so that I could see the classmate beside me.
我赶早来上课， 以便早点看到我旁边的同学。(目的状语)
2. 表示“如此……以致……”的“so... that...”和“such... that...”均可引导结果状语从句， 其中的such 是形容词， 修饰名词； so 是副词， 修饰形容词或副词：
　　(1)“so＋adj./adv.＋that”， “so＋adj.(＋a/an)＋n.＋that”；
　　(2)“such(＋a/an)(＋adj.)＋n.＋that”。
e.g.: He speaks so fast that no one can catch him. 他说话太快， 无人听得明白。
There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused.
人口增长如此迅速， 以致造成了粮食短缺。
The shop sells so expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it.
这家商店出售的货物价格昂贵， 以致我在里面不想购买任何东西。
He’s such a good person that we mustn’t blame him.

如果结果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同， 可用so +(adj./adv.) as to取代该结果状语从句:
The weather was bad, so as to make a good photo hard to take.
天气恶劣， 以致难以拍出来好照片。
He was so kind as to phone for a taxi for the patient.
他是如此热心， 以至于他为病人打电话叫了出租车。
How could you be so stupid as to believe him? 你怎么这么笨， 竟相信了他的话？

练习：
1. It was five o’clock in the afternoon ____ they climbed up to the top of the mountain.
　　A. since B. when C. that D. until
2. Do think ____ reading. 　　A. while B. when C. as D. for
3. ____ the window, my hand was cut unexpectedly.
　　A. Cleaning B. To clean 　　C. While cleaning D. While I was cleaning
4. ____, one becomes more experienced.
　　A. When one grows older B. As one grows older
　　C. The older one grows D. While one will be older
5. I shall ring you up ____ you should forget to come.
　　A. because B. for C. in case D. in order that
6.Do you mind ____ how you succeed?
　　A. if I go and see B. if I go seeing 　　C. my going and see D. my go to see
7. — Are you sure that you’ve met him before? 　　— ____ I’m mistaken.
　　A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though
8. The students will go on playing football ____ or not.
　　A. whether it rains B. if it rains 　　C. whether it will rain D. no matter it rains
9. Francis Preston Blair, ____ born in Kentucky, lived and practiced law in Missouri.
　　A. was B. he was C. although D. as
10. The wounded soldier died though the hospital ____.
　　A. tried to pull him through B. managed to pull him through
　　C. went all out to pull through him D. managed to pull through him
11. ____, he is healthy, however.
　　A. Though older as he B. Though he is as old 　　C. Old as he is D. Old as he will be
12. No matter ____ hard it may be, I’ll carry it out.
　　A. what B. whatever C. how D. however
13. — Have you found your key? 　　— Yes, it was lying ____ I often watch TV in my room.
　　A. what B. which C. how D. where
　　14. — How is it that you are late for class again? 　　— ____.
A. By bus and them on foot B. Because I missed the bus
C. It’s quite all right D. It’s far from school
　　15. ____ you have come, you must not go away so soon.
　　A. For B. Now that C. Because D. So that
　　16. I remember this story ____ it happened yesterday.
　　A. though B. if C. for D. as though
　　1. B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.B 16.D

让步状语从句
1. though, although 虽然，纵然
在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或never，the less连用，但不能与but连用。例如：
　Although/Though he was exhausted, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。
Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。
【注意】although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：
She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard.
2. as, though 虽然……但是， 纵使……
Object as you may, I’ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I’ll go.)
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)
尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book so soon.
纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。
3. even if, even though “即使……”，“纵使……”，含有一种假设。
We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.
即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。
Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)
即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。
4. whether...or... “不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”
You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。
　　Whether you believe it or not, it's true. 无论你是否相信，这都是真的。
5. “no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……；不管……都……”
　　它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如：
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)
无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。
No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.
不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。
　【注意】“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。如：
Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you. (让步状语从句)
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
I'll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me. (宾语从句) 你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。
Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引导主语从句) 不管谁来都受到欢迎。
6. 有时while也可以引导让步状语从句，但一般要位于句首。例如：
　　While I like the color, I don't like the shape. 我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。
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