写作讲座2：环境资源类.doc

环境资源类（environment and resources）
Problems: The world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. For example, forest destruction results in decrease of planting land and unpleasant weather. In addition, man is faced with problems of water pollution and air pollution.
Solutions: A lot of measures have been taken. Planting trees helps improve and beautify the environment. Besides, laws concerning environmental protection have been put into effect and achieved good results.
Evaluation: However, the problem of environmental protection remains far from being solved. On the one hand, the environment pollution and destruction are getting worse and worse in the modern world. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge about the importance of protecting environment hinders the solving of the problem. In a word, there is a long way to go before we enjoy a clean and comfortable world.

Traffic – pollution
Topic sentence: Too many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities.
Problems: 1. Traffic noise is the main source of noise pollution.
Effects: a. have their hearing impairment
b. a decrease in the efficiency in working/ disturbs the rhythms of working, divert attention
c. fatigue, sleeplessness/ lose sleep/ can hardly fall asleep at night
d. health problems: heart attack, high blood pressure.
2. air pollution
vehicles are a main contributor to greenhouse gases 
Pump/emit/give off huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere( carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide)
car fumes formed heavy smog
effects: respiratory-related illnesses (asthma)
solutions:
One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. (new energy vehicles)
Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars.
What’s more, take public transit instead of using a vehicle.
Conclusion:
needs the co-efforts from the government and the individuals.

Sentence collection
Topic of “the use of cars”
1. The widespread use of cars has real environmental costs. Vehicles are major sources of urban air pollution and greenhouse gases emissions. It is reported that road traffic is the source of one third of all harmful air pollution in the world.
2. Car exhausts contribute to acid rain, carbon dioxide, which cause global warming and damage human health.
3. Fancy private vehicles are being crazily purchased, emitting billions of tons of car exhaust into the atmosphere and aggravating the greenhouse effect.
4. A better solution would be for car manufacturers to design more environmentally friendly cars, which run on solar power or hydrogen.
5. Traffic problems can be alleviated by building more underground tunnels and parking garages, and safety problems can be avoided by educating the drivers as well as pedestrians to use greater caution on the road.
6. Discouraging car use might seem a quick solution to many problems currently facing the society, but it is most unlikely to be a permanent cure.

Words and expressions
Problems:
white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)
waste/polluted water
waste/polluted gas
industrial solid waste
Noise Pollution
农药污染 Pesticide contamination
greenhouse effect
greenhouse gases
Traffic congestion/jam
Heavy traffic / high road traffic volumes
Disposable products
Litter collection and disposal
Deforestation
Global warming
Acid rain
Sand storm
Natural disasters
Endangered species
On the verge of extinction
Ozone layer
Turn a blind eye to / turn a deaf ear to

Solutions:
Environmental protection/ conservation
Environmental conservationist环保主义者
治理环境污染：curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control
预防为主、防治结合的政策：policy of of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control
Forceful law and regulations
Solar energy
Ban on plastics bags
recycle 
Maintain the ecological balance
Eco-friendly/ environmentally friendly
Raise people’s environmental awareness
Non-profit advertisement
Dispose of the rubbish
The deterioration of the environment
Wildlife preservation
Sustainable development
开发可再生资源：develop renewable resources
环保产品：environment-friendly products
降低资源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource degradation
防止过度利用森林：protest forests from  overexploitation
水土保持：conservation of water and soil

其它：
Human activities
Animal right activists
City dwellers
Food chain
Landfill
A natural evolutionary process
Diversity of life
Survival of the fittest
ecosystem 生态系统

Translation
1. 只要每个人都充分意识到环保的重要性，并采取有效措施，我坚信我们一定能克服污染问题。
2. 只有禁止一次性产品，环境才能得到改善。
3. 在哪里处理日益增多的垃圾是很多政府头疼的问题。
4. 在环境污染严重的地方，许多珍稀动物处于灭绝的边缘。
5. 我们的政府应该举办大型活动来唤醒人们的环保意识。
6. 作为环保主义者，我们应该尽可能保持我们周围的清洁。
7. 动物权益保护者声称动物实验很残忍，不人道和没必要。
8. 人们普遍认为环境对人的性格有深远的影响。