（新东方内部资料）雅思写作A类图表作文.doc

新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 雅思写作A类雅思写作A类图表作文讲义主讲：宁柏宇 北京新东方学校欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材Academic Writing Task 1雅思写作的考试形式IELTS Writing Saturday / Thursday Morning 3rd paper TestQuestion Bookletu Task 1 Report (Academic) / Letter (General) 150w, 20mu Task 2 Essay 250w, 40mWriting Bookletu mini-sized (雅思写作胜经167页B 167附有缩印的答题纸样) Task 1 : side 1 & 2 Task 2 : side 3 & 4u original-sized（可从下面的公共邮箱下载）本讲义附录附有 ningboyu_nos PW: ieltswritingu 写作工具：Pencil and Eraser（附送）Scoringu Examiner Task 1 and 2 : 0 - 9u Writing Band 1 / 3* T1 + 2 / 3*T2 6 6.5u Overall BandRequirementu Academic Overall Band Score Language School 5.5 Undergraduate 6 Graduate 6.5 l Famous Universities + 0.5l Popular Majors + 0.5u General Trainingl Each section = 5 / 6各国雅思考试的水平情况Registrationu Objective : An acceptable score within the shortest timeu No deadline, no completion !u Self-Analysis (Benchmark)u NCEE100 4.5u NCEE130or CET-4 425 5.0u CET-4600or CET-6 425 5.5u CET-6 600or NETEM 706.0 Good speaking : + 0.5 u 4hrs / day, 1 point / per 2 monthsConsiderate IELTSu Test as often as you wantu Reschedule (500 RMB)u Refund (-750 RMB)Teaching Materialu u u 雅思写作胜经、群言出版社Task 1 - Question Groupingu Figure (75% 2008Q1) Multiple / Singleu Non-Figure (25% 2008Q1) Flow chart / Map雅思图表作文可分6类，四类与数字有关。与数字有关的三图一表：线，柱，饼，表。 P100 Text4 Writing Task 1线状图柱状图 P54 Text2 Writing Task 1 线状图 饼状图 P31 Text1 Writing Task 1 列表与数字无关的图雅思写作胜经Bible的P100流程图 P75 Text3 Writing Task 1 地图流程图与数字无关，地图与数字亦无关。Writing Procedureu Read + Plan (3 mins)u Write (16 mins)u Check (1 mins) Readu Words: paragraph 2u Pictures: Words (title, legend, axis) Number (unit, digit)u Make notes on the question booklet !Numbersu 10 million / millions thousands of millions of billions of雅思写作的构思 Scoring Criterion Examiners use onlyExaminer 2Examiner 1u TA : Contentu CC : Structureu LR : Wordsu GRA : SentencesMarking Criterionu UNDERLENGTHu NO OF WORDSu PENALTYu OFF - TOPICu MEMORISEDu ILLEGIBLEPlan - Contentu Summarize Features, not list data a1, a2, a3, , an Trend Max / Min Slope A, B, C, Max / Minu Comparisons within the chart or between the chartsu Select Main Features (recreates the picture in the examiners mind)u Supporting Datau Report facts, not opinionsPlan - Structureu Paragraph or not? reader friendlyu How to Paragraph? A new idea, a new paragraph Introduction / Conclusion (if needed)Thinking Styleu Paragraphs Multiple Chartsl Introductionl Chart 1l Chart 2l l Comparison Single Chartl Introductionl Feature 1l Feature 2l l Conclusion (if needed)u Linking Devices (LD) Between paragraphs Between features Within sentences Language Requirementu Word Correct spellingl enviroment / environment Word Levell get / achieve a band 8 Word Variety (Avoid repetition)l a good / well-paid / satisfactory / decent jobu Sentence Grammatical Accuracyl There is a boy asks you out. Sentence Lengthl Band 9 : 20+l Band 7 : 15 Structure Varietyl A new challenger comes here.l Here comes a new challenger.Word & Timeu Multiple / Single Chartsu Intro. / Intro.(30w, 1s)u Chart 1 / Feature 1(50w, 4s)u Chart 2 / Feature 2(50w, 4s)u u Comparison / Conclusion(30w, 1s)写作流程：例： P100 Text4 Writing Task 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chats below gave information about travel to and from The UK, and about the mostpopular counrtries for UK residents to visit.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.Introductionu Paragraph 2 Copied phrases will not be counted Paraphrase the rubricWord (B - 78)u chart = graph = diagram line, curve bar, column pieu table = figures = statisticsu Save belowu give information about reveal indicate demonstrateu Simple Present Tenseu the UK Britainu most popular favorite / fashionable / stylishu country nationu UK residents to visit UK travelers / visitors / touristsu Specific in 1999Structure Varietyu Passive Voice The chart shows A. (do) A is shown by the chart. (be done) u The line chart reveals visits to and from the UK.u Visits to and from the UK are revealed in the line chart.Compound Sentenceu The line chart reveals , and the bar graph indicates u The line chart reveals , and are indicated in the bar graph.Introductionu The line chart reveals visits to and from Britain and UK travelerstop 5 favorite nations in 1999 are indicated in the bar graph.Linking Devicesu Between paragraphs (B - 78) According to the chart,l line chartl upper / lower chartl chart 1l chart of visits to and from the UKu Between Features (B - 51) also / besides / on the other hand but / however / conversely while / in particularBasic Structure 1 The visits increased greatly from about 12 to 57 million from 1979 to 1999. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) Subjects Legendl visits abroad by UK residents Paragraph 2l travel from the UK Synonymsl UK visitors / travelers / tourists it / theyl The visits increased from 1979 to 1999. In particular, they increased most quickly from 1985 to 1988. (2) Verbs increase : decrease / rise : fall go up : come down climb : slide ascend : decline rocket : collapse Tense increased increase is expected / predicted to increase (3) Adverbs sharply / rapidly / swiftly slowly / gradually / tardily greatly / vastly / considerably slightly / marginally / minutely (4) Numbers about / around / roughly / more or less from about 12 to 53 million (5) Time from 1979 to 1999 between 1979 and 1999l during the 20 years / two decadesl starting from 1979Chart 1 (Band 6.5)u According to the line chart, visits abroad by UK residents increased from about 12 to 57 million from 1979 to 1999. While, overseas travelers to Britain went up from about 10 to 27 million. It is obvious that UK tourists were more and climbed faster than overseas ones during the period.Basic Structure 2There was a sharp increase in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999. (3) (2) (1) (4) (5)Basic Structure 3A sharp increase was seen in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999. (3) (2) (6) (1) (4) (5)A sharp increase (2)&(1), (6) a sharp / slow / great / slight increase an upward / rising / increasing tendency a downward / falling / decreasing trend show / prove / witness(2) Verbu keep / remain unchanged / constant / stableu fluctuate upward / downwardu double / triple / quadrupleChart 1 According to the line chart, both UK tourists abroad and overseas ones to the UK went up from 1979 to 1999 and the former climbed more markedly than the latter. In 1979, UK visitors were only around 2 million more than their overseas counterparts, being approximately 12 and 10 million respectively. However, two decades later, they almost doubled the foreign travelers to Britain (roughly 53 and 27 million separately).Chart 2 (Band 6.5) The bar graph demonstrates that the most UK visitors went to France and Spain, which were 11.0 and 9.5 million. Also, many British travelers were attracted by the USA(4.0 million), Greece(3.5 million) and Turkey(2.0 million). The bar graph demonstrates that France and Spain were the favorite countries for UK tourists in 1999, which attracted around 11.0 and 9.5 million UK visitors respectively. Remotely following were the USA, Greece and Turkey with 4.0, 3.5 and 2.0 million travelers separately.Comparison (band 6.5)What is also worth mentioning is that almost 40% UK tourists selected France and Spain in 1999, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole. What is also worth mentioning is that France and Spain alone accounted for almost 40 percent of UK tourists abroad in 1999, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.检查Checku Sample Answer (I4 - 168) Script Comment Script Correspondingu Model Answer (I4 - 169)TEST 4WRITING TASKSAMPLE ANSWERThis is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 5 score. Here is the examiners coment:The response is under-length (138words).The candidate reports the key information in the first graph i.e. that visits to and from the UK increased and that the increase in visits from Ukwas more marked than that of visits to the country.In the bar chart the information is also reported accurately. However,the references to dollar are confusing,suggesting that the candidatehas not fully understood the information given, and there is little attemt to relate the two diagrams or to make comparisons across the information given.There is a brief introduction to the topic,with an attempt to paraphase the rubic: the overall structure of the writing is clear,with some use of basic discourse makers.Thereis very little use of reference,however,resulting in a considerable amount of repetition of key vocabulary. There is a fairly narrow range of sentence types and errors occur in verb formation and in the use of tense.Professional English 经济学人 www.guardian.co.uk 卫报 财经时报 美国国家广播公司 华尔街 thestreet TV例题解析：（线图和饼状图） P54 Text2 Writing Task 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer.The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.demand 需求 used / need / requirement / consumption typical 典型 average / representativeuse 使用，消耗 consumehome 家庭 household / familypassive voice & compound sentence写作：Introductionu The curve chart reveals electricity used in England during average days in winter and summer and how electricity is consumed in a typical English household is indicated in the pie graph.Read Chart 1 Unit hrs / yrs oclock : am, a.m. AM, A.M Number 38,000 unitsRead Chart 2 Everyday words kettle 电热水壶 microwave oven 微波炉 range hood 抽油烟机Plan Winter summer Numbers : Max & Min / Average Winter, Summer : Numbers : Max & MinWords peak / summit / highest point 峰值 nadir / touch the bottom / lowest point 谷值 unchanged / constant / stable / stationary phase 保持不变Chart 1 (Band 6.5)According to the curve chart, daily electricity need is higher in winter (38,000 units on average) than in summer (18,000 units on average). In winter, electricity consumption peaks at 2:00 am and 10:00 pm while it touches the bottom at 0:00 am and 8:00 am. On the other hand, in summer, it summits at 2:00 pm and 11:00 pm, but has a nadir at 9:00 am and a lower stationary phase from 4:00 pm to 9:00 pm.Chart 1 According to the curve chart, daily electricity need is higher in winter (38,000 units on average) than in summer (18,000 units on average), although both of them are uneven during the day. In winter, electricity consumption peaks at 2:00 am and 10:00 pm while it touches the bottom at 0:00 am and 8:00 am. In contrast, the summer summits come later than winter ones at 2:00 pm and 11:00 pm. A nadir is seen nearly 9:00 am and a lower stationary phase is witnessed from 4:00pm to 9:00pm.Chart 2occupy 占有 be shared by account for be responsible for be in charge of be in the charge ofPercentage a small percentage of (20%) a quarter of (25%) the minority of (40%) half of (50%) the majority of (60%) three quarters of (75%) most of (80%) one-fifth / one-third Structuresu 1 occupies / accounts for the majority of A (x%).u y% of A is shared by / is in the charge of 2.u 3 and 4 are responsible for / in charge of the rest, with z% and w% respectively.Chart 2 (Band 6.5)u The pie graph demonstrates that heating rooms and water occupies the majority of electricity consumption(52.5%). Then, 17.5% of the electricity demand is shared by ovens, kettles and washing machines. Lighting, TV, radio and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools are responsible for the rest, with 15% each.Chart 2u The pie graph demonstrates that the majority of electricity consumption (52.5%) is shared by heating rooms and water. Then, ovens, kettles and washing machines occupy 17.5% of the electricity demand. The rest is in the charge of lighting, TV, radio and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools, with 15% each.Comparison (Band 6.5) What is also worth mentioning is that heating rooms and water is the reason for the higher electricity demand in winter than in summer, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.ComparisonWhat is also worth mentioning is that electricity for heating rooms and water is probably the major cause for the higher electricity demand in winter than in summer, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.检查SAMPLE ANSWER（I-64页） TA Comparison within / between the charts Confusing time expressions CC Poor paragraphing LR & GRA Spelling errors (5)例题解析3 图表题型You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the proportion of different categories of familiesliving in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.I4 31 some words proportion percentage / share / figures category type / kind / group family householdPlan aged vs not aged single vs double with vs without childrenI4 162 give a breakdown of How to include numbers? A (11%) A, which is A, with / at A, comprising / consisting of 例题解析-流程图 2003年9月20日You should spend about 20 m