英語聽力技巧運用.doc

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英語聽力技巧運用
Listening Strategies: We listen with our minds, not ears!

學習者應注意如相似音、同音異字、多義字、片語用法，熟悉連音、語調等，並能瞭解語言情境及英語正式/非正式用語、直接/間接/暗示語用法，掌握基本聽講溝通技巧

1. Why is listening so difficult for you?
l Dialects, accents, stresses, rhythms, intonations, mispronunciations”
l Little or no control over the speed of the input of spoken material
l Spoken material is often heard only once without any second chances.
l Can’t pause to work out the meanings during a conversation.
l Dealing with more than one task, such as formal note-taking, writing down messages, or operating equipment while listening to instructions.

2. Developing effective listening habits and strategies:
l 猜測會話主題,
l 訓練觀察力，分析語境 ( Formal / informal; rehearsed / un-rehearsed; responsive?)
(Context / Visual clues: facial expression, gestures, and other body language as well as the surrounding environment
l 找出關鍵字，相關字彙聯想
l 辨認片語 & 句法結構 watch TV, see movies, ride horses, play the piano,
drink ice cold water, catch a cold, climb up the mountains

3. The types and process of listening（聽力的種類與過程）
3.1 The types:
l Content listening: listen for directions or oral announcements from authority figures
l Critical listening: listen for and judge the messages conveyed in the mass media: television, the internet, radio, and the newspaper.
l Empathic listening: listen for special feelings, differing opinions or personal experiences
l Appreciative listening: listen for enjoyment when watching different programs: a concert, a movie, and possibly, a theater play.

3.2 Characteristics of the listening process
sounds input à hearing à decoding à get message à responding

l Receiving: physically hearing the message and taking note of it.
l Interpreting: Presupposition & Reference & Implication
l Remembering: Storing a message for future reference
l Evaluating: Applying critical thinking skills to separate fact from opinion
l Responding: Reacting by applause, laughter, silence, or verbal feedback
l Revising assumptions: Adjustments--check what you understand

4. Effective Listening

4.1 Barriers to Effective Listening
l Prejudgment: Jumping into conclusions close their minds to additional information
l Self-centeredness: Shifting attention from the speaker to themselves
l Out-listening: Listening selectively & Disparity between the rate of speech (120-150 w/m) and rate of thought (500-800 w/m)

4.2 Context & Semantic associations: How do we listen with our minds?
In English the following sentences are often referred to as A PLAY ON WORDS.
GIRL : Say you love me! Say you love me! BOY : You love me...
GIRL : If we become engaged will you give me a ring?? BOY : Sure, what's your phone number??
GIRL : John says I'm pretty. Andy says I'm ugly. BOY : A bit of both. I think you're pretty
What do you think, Peter? ugly.

4.3 Improving Your Listening Skills
l Listening for concept, key ideas, and facts
l Be able to distinguish between evidence and argument, idea and example, fact and principle
l Analyze the key points—whether they make sense and are supported by facts
l Using context clues, structure pattern, and intonation clues
l Look for unspoken message in the speaker’s tone of voice or expressions
l Keep an open mind
l Ask questions that clarify
l Reserve judgment until the speaker has finished
l Take meaningful notes that are brief and to the point

5. Effective listening practices（有效的聽力練習）
5.1 sounds: @同音異字: here / hear, ate / eight, son / sun
@相似音: fries / flies, plan / plane, commuter / committee
He / She is coming to play / today.
pit pet bet bear tear ear beard beer bear
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
5.2 words 字彙連結: 找出關鍵字 for transportation: buses, trains, east, tracks
介系詞 / 連接詞 / 轉折語
多義字: book, wind, blew / The park is huge.

5.3 syntax Yes-No Questions (Do, Will, Can, Should, Be)
Wh-Information Questions (who-whose, when, why, where, what, how)

l 主詞動持詞一致性: We are friends.
l 代名詞: Danny comes from Xian, and he stays in Beijing now.
It is our shipment, so we’ll pay for it.
l 時態: Last week we hoped you would come.
l 比較 This car is better than that car.

What do you do? I’m a driver.
What time is it? Lunchtime.
What’s your name? Tony White.
What’s your address? 10 Riverdale.
What’s your idea? It’s great!
How do you get here? By bus.
How much does the book cost? Twenty dollars.
How many people attended? About two thousand.
How long did the lecture last? About two hours.
How often do you visit here? Once a week.

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