英语构词法教案知识点及答案.doc

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高二
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英语
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课题：构词法
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教学目标：
同步教学知识内容

教学方法与过程
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难点：
重点：

语法填空。用括号中所给词的适当形式完成句字。
1. In communication sometimes body language is more important than _________________ (speak) English.
2. Lucy has a lot of ________ (curious) about what it is like to live in a foreign country.
3. You should use your ___________(imagine) to think what it might be like on the moon.
4. The weather in Britain is ___________ (change). You can find that one minute it is rainy and the next minute the sun is shining brightly.
5. Sometimes unknown things appear _____________( mystery) to us.
6. Theme parks offer more educational things than _______________(amuse) parks do.
7. Some theme parks try to teach people about an _______ (advance) scientific idea like Futuroscope in France.
8. We were selected to be volunteer ___________ (translate) at the Third Shenzhen International Cultural Fair.
9. Setting up a company selling toys should be very __________ (profit).
10. Would you like to take a trip to Brazil to experience ___________ (survive) an airplane crash in the jungle?
11. When he is low, I often ___________ (courage) him.
12. If we human beings keep on killing the wildlife, some animals will ___________ (appear) completely.
13. Our foreign teacher Michael has ________________ (map) out a plan of his bicycle trip.
14. The price of __________________ (admit) to this museum has risen 10 yuan.
15. The student was punished for his bad ___________________ (behave).
16. Eye contact, ______________ (face) expression, gesture and posture are different kinds of body language.
17. ____________ (fortune), Chaplin and his friend didn’t find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm.
18. The Little Tramp was a social ___________ (fail) but he was loved by all for his determination.
19. She has made great ____________ (achieve) in observing and recording the daily activities of these animals.
20. Lin Qiaozhi was a ________________ (special) in women’s diseases.
Keys:
1. spoken 2. curiosity 3. imagination 4. changeable 5. mysterious 6. amusement 7. advanced 8. translators 9. profitable 10. surviving 11. encourage 12. disappear 13. mapped 14. admission 15. behavior 16. facial 17. Unfortunately 18. failure 19. achievement 20. specialist

一、构词法类别
英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。
二、定义与精讲
1.转化法
英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
（3） 动词转化为名词
①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如：
Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②有时意思有一定变化，如：
He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如：
Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词
①很多表示物件，如
Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?
②身体部位，如：
Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如：
She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如：
We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如：
We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词
有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：
Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词
①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如：
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服
②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数如下，如：
The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
2.派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
1)前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如：
appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
lead带领→mislead领错
stop停下→non-stop不停
(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如：

12
alone单独的
antigas防毒气的
autochart自动图
cooperate合作
enjoy使高兴
internet互联网
reuse再用
subway地铁
telephone电话

2)后缀
英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
　(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ful (一……)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如：

differ不同于→difference区别
write写→writer作家
Japan日本→Japanese日本人
act表演→actress女演员
mouth口→mouthful一口
music音乐→musician音乐家

(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)。例如：

wide→widen加宽
beauty→beautify美化
pure→purify提纯
real→realize意识到
organ→organize组织

(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气)等。例如：
nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的
China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的
east东→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy雪的[来源:学|科|网]
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如：
angry生气的→angrily生气地
to到→towards朝……，向……
east东方→eastward向东
(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几)，-ty (几十)，-th (构成序数词)。例如：
six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六
four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十
3.合成法
（1）合 成 名 词
构成方式
例词
名词＋名词
weekend周末
名词＋动词
daybreak黎明
名词＋动名词
handwriting书法
名词＋及物动词＋er／or
pain-killer止痛药
名词＋介词＋名词
editor-in-chief总编辑
动词＋名词
typewriter打字机
动名词＋名词
reading-room阅览室
现在分词＋名词
flying-fish飞鱼
形容词＋名词
gentleman绅士
副词＋动词
outbreak爆发
介词＋名词
afternoon下午
代词＋名词
she-wolf母狼

（2）合 成 形 容 词
构成方式
例词
名词＋形容词
snow-white雪白的
名词＋现在分词
English-speaking讲英语的
名词＋to＋名词
face-to-face面对面的
名词＋过去分词
man-made人造的
数词＋名词
one-way单行的
数词＋名词＋形容词
two-year-old两岁的
数词＋名词＋ed
five-storeyed五层的
动词＋副词
see-through透明的
形容词＋名词
high-class高级的
形容词＋名词＋ed
noble-minded高尚的
形容词＋形容词
light-blue浅蓝色的
形容词＋现在分词
good-looking相貌好看的
副词＋形容词
ever-green常青的
副词＋现在分词
hard-working勤劳的
副词＋过去分词
well-known著名的
副词＋名词
fast-food专门提供快餐服务的
介词＋名词
downhill下坡的

（3）合 成 动 词
构成方式
例词
名词＋动词
sleep-walk梦游
形容词＋动词
white-wash粉刷
副词＋动词
overthrow推翻

（4）合 成 副 词
构成方式
例词
形容词＋名词
hotfoot匆忙地
形容词＋副词
everywhere到处
副词＋副词
however尽管如此
介词＋名词
beforehand事先
介词＋副词
forever永远

（5）合 成 代 词
构成方式
例词
代词宾格＋self
herself她自己
物主代词＋self
myself我自己
形容词＋名词
anything任何东西

（6）合 成 介 词
构成方式
例词
副词＋名词
inside在……里面
介词＋副词
within在……之内
副词＋介词
into进入

4.截短法(缩略法)
截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1)截头
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
omnibus→bus
2)去尾
mathematics→maths
co-operate→co-op
examination→exam
kilogram→kilo
laboratory→lab
taxicab→taxi
3)截头去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script
5.混合法(混成法)
混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。
news broadcast→newscast新闻广播
television broadcast→telecast电视播送
smoke and fog→smog烟雾
helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场
6.首尾字母缩略法
首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
very important person→VIP (读字母音)要人；大人物
television→TV (读字母音)电视
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福
三、巩固练习
1. That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.
A. care　 　 B. careful　　 C. careless　　 D. carelessness
2. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.
A. die B. dead C. died D. death
3. The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.
A. sadly B. sadness C. sadely D. sad
4. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________.
A. chemistry B. chemical
C. chemist D. physician[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K]
5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.
A. legging B. legged C. legs D. leged
6. Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.
A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership
7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates.
A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely
8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well.
A. satisfied B. satisfactory
C. satisfying D. satisfaction
9.—What are you doing here?
—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.
—You can write________passage in English?
A. 600 words；a 600-words　
B. 600-word；a 600-words
C. 600 words；a 600-word　
D. 600 words；a 600-words
10. No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.
A. permit B. permission
C. permitting D. permittence
11. You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.
A. headquarters B. headline
C. headmaster D. headache
12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.
A. intend B. intention
C. intentionally 　 D. intentional
13. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.
A. practice B. practise
C. practical D. practiced
14. The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.
A. judger B. judgment
C. judge D. judgement
15. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?
A. lately B. latest
C. later D. latter
16. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.
A. longer B. length
C. long D. longing
17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily.
A. joy B. joyful[来源:学+科+网]
C. joyless D. joyness
18. Canada is mainly an________country.
A. English-speaking B. speak-English
C. spoken-English D. English-spoken
19. How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________.
A. foolish；foolishly；fool
B. fool；foolish；fool
C. foolish；fool；fool
D. foolishly；foolish；fool
20. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great ________.
A. valuable B. value
C. valueless D. unvaluable
21. There were________fish in the river in South America.
A. in danger B. danger
C. dangerous D. dangerless
22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________.
A. sound B. silent C. silence D. sounded
23. The child looked at me________.
A. stranger B. strangely C. strange D. strangeless
24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.
A. free B. freely C. freedom D. frees
25. What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue.
A. reasonable B. reasonful
C. reasonless D. unreason
26. We have to learn ________technology from other countries.
A. advance B. advancing C. advantage D. advanced
27. The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.
A. nearby B. near C. nearly D. near by
28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an ________in the government. You can not easily find him in his________.
A. official；officer；office
B. officer；office；official
C. official；official；official
D. officer；official；office
29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.
A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. healthier
30.________ speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose.
A. Honestly　 B. Honest C. Honesty D. Dishonest

四、短文改错。
（21）
In many western countries heavy industry is high developed. The difference between heavy and light industry are based on the nature of the goods produced. Heavy industry produce machines while light industry uses machines produce the smaller objects required for various purpose in our home and offices. The growth of industry in country depends on the general level of economic or industrial development. In its beginning, industrialization is likely to be cheap. To decrease （减少）costs, industrialists in an area usually depend to local supplies of the coal or electric power for their operation.

（22）
It happened in a morning that I was walking in the street .I ate up a banana and threw their peel on the corner of the road. Short after that I heard a scream behind .I looked back to see what was happened .A little girl about 8 years old fell down and the banana peel was exactly under her left shoes . She stood up without cry .Then she picked up the banana peel and ran toward the dustbin .On that moment ,I realized my fault , and went to apologize her for that ,but my vanity (虚荣心)prevented me . The little girl had taught me a good lesson by her action.. And now, after I do everything, I’ll think carefully whether it’s right or wrong. I’ll do my best to be in good habits and qualities.

（23）
Mr Wang is my physics teacher. He has 1.75 meters in the height. He was born on November 4, 1952. So he is a middle-aged man. He graduated Qinghua University in 1983. After graduation, he becomes a middle school teacher. He has been taught physics for more than 20 years. He is very succeed as a teacher. He has been given a lot of honor. He not only is a good teacher in physics but also speak English and Russian very well. In his spare time, he likes reading books, collect stamps and listening music. Also, Mr Smith is kind-hearted.

（24）
Dear Lily,
I got your letter and pleased to hear about your job interview at a grocery store. I know you want to get a job at the TV station, and you’ve been looking for several week now and haven’t found something. The job at the grocery store doesn’t sound badly. If I am you, I’d take it. If you worked there for some time, you could earn some money. Its your decision, of course, but I advise you to take it. Let me to know what you decided to do. By the way, after you get the job you can think about get a bike later.

（25）
I still remember the morning. My father suddenly wake me up at about 5 and the sky was still gray. I jumped out bed surprised and extreme happy, for we were going to get a book! When we drove to the bookstore, many people were already waiting there. We waited for our turn at about 8:30. I was overjoyed when I got a book, not only because of the book themselves, but also of the love from my father. Never before had I felt such a love from him, because of my father, I believed then, had always been busy with his own work. That was “Harry Potter” that helped I feel the deep love from my parents!

[单选参考答案]
1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 ACDCB
16-20 BAAAB 21-25 CBBCA 26-30 DADBA