人教课标必修1不规则动词规律总结.doc

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动词时态：英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。把这些时间和动作方面结合在一起就构成16种动词时态，具体表述如下： 1.一般现在时（do)； 2.一般过去时(did)； 3.一般将来时( will do) ( be going to do)； 4.一般过去将来时( would do)； 5.现在进行时( be doing)； 6.过去进行时(was/were doing)； 7.将来进行时( will be doing)； 8.过去将来进行时( would be doing) ( was/were going to do)； 9.现在完成时(have done)； 10.过去完成时( had done)； 11.将来完成时( will have done)； 12.过去将来完成时(would have done)； 13.现在完成进行时( have been doing)； 14.过去完成进行时( had been doing)； 15.将来完成进行时( will have been doing)； 16.过去将来完成进行时(would have been doing)。 ★动词一般现在时第三人称单数的变化规则 1. 一般在动词结尾直接加s E.g. help --- helps climb --- climbs talk --- talks sing --- sings 2. 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词加es；如果词尾已有e, 直接加s E.g. guess --- guesses teach --- teaches watch --- watches wash --- washes go --- goes do --- does 3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词, 变y为i后, 加es E.g. study --- studies try --- tries fly --- flies ★ 规则动词的过去式及过去分词变化如下： 1.一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed E.g. worked played wanted acted 2.以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d E.g. lived moved decided raised 3.以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，E.g. studied tried copied cried carried　　 4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed E.g. stopped begged dropped planned dripped ★ 不规则动词中的规律 1. A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）动词原形过去式过去分词 cost花费 cost cost cut割，切 cut cut hit打 hit hit let让 let let put放下 put put hurt伤 hurt hurt shut 关闭 shut shut set 设置，放 set set read读 read read 2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）动词原形过去式过去分词 beat打 beat beaten 3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）动词原形过去式过去分词 come来 came come become变 became become run跑 ran run 4. A ---B ---B型（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词 burn燃烧 burned/burnt burned/burnt dream梦想 dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt learn学习 learned/learnt learned/learnt mean意思 meant meant spoil破坏，溺爱 spoilt spoilt hear听见 heard heard （2）在动词原形后加d构成过去式和过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词 hear听到 heard heard lie撒谎 lied lied （3）词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词 build建筑 built built lend借给 lent lent send送 sent sent spend花费 spent spent lose失去 lost lost （4）改变动词原形中的元音字母：将i改为a , o, u等动词原形过去式过去分词 win得胜 won won shine发光 shone照耀/shined擦亮 shone照耀/shined擦亮 get得到 got got stand站 stood stood understand明白 understood understood sit坐 sat sat stick刺入，粘贴 stuck stuck strike打，罢工 struck struck/stricken hold盛，握 held held （5）过去式和过去分词都以-aught或-ought结尾动词原形过去式过去分词 bring带来 brought brought buy买 bought bought fight战斗 fought fought think想 thought thought catch抓住 caught caught teach教 taught taught （6）某些以-ay结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-ay变成-aid 动词原形过去式过去分词 pay付 paid paid lay下蛋 laid laid say说 said said （7）某些以-eep结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-eep改为-ept 动词原形过去式过去分词 sleep睡 slept slept keep保持 kept kept sweep扫 swept swept （8）某些以-ell结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-ell改为-elt/ -old,或在原形后加-ed 动词原形过去式过去分词 sell卖 sold sold tell告诉 told told smell闻 smelt/smelled smelt/smelled spell拼写 spelt/spelled spelt/spelled （9）其他动词原形过去式过去分词 find发现 found found have有 had had make制造 made made hang hanged绞死/ hung挂 hanged绞死/ hung挂 feel觉得 felt felt leave离开 left left meet遇见 met met shoot射击 shot shot dig挖 dug dug 5. A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词 show展示 showed shown throw抛，扔 threw thrown blow吹 blew blown grow生长 grew grown know知道 knew known draw拉，绘画 drew drawn drive驾驶 drove driven rise升起 rose risen take拿 took taken give给 gave given wake醒 waked/ woke waked/ waken write写 wrote written ride骑 rode ridden hide藏 hid hidden eat吃 ate eaten fall落下 fell fallen see看见 saw seen fly飞 flew flown （2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词 break破碎，折断 broke broken steal偷 stole stolen speak说话 spoke spoken choose选择 chose chosen freeze冻结 froze frozen forget忘记 forgot forgotten （3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。动词原形过去式过去分词 begin开始 began begun ring按铃 rang rung sing唱 sang sung sink沉 sank sunk swim游泳 swam swum drink饮 drank drunk （4）其他不规则动词的变化。动词原形过去式过去分词 be(am, is) 是 was/ were been be(are) 是 were been do做 did done go去 went gone lie躺 lay lain wear穿 wore worn ★情态动词只有原形和过去式动词原形过去式动词原形过去式 can could will would may might shall should

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