音乐类别-乐器.doc

音乐类别

打击乐 percussion
吹打乐 ensemble of wind and percussion instruments
吹奏乐;管乐 wind music / band music
合奏乐 part music
管弦乐 orchestral music
弦乐 stringed music
丝竹乐 sizhuyue, stringed and woodwind instruments
琴乐 keyboard music
军乐 martial music
室内乐 chamber music
器乐 instrumental music
声乐 vocal music
交响乐 symphony
古典音乐 classical music
流行音乐 pop music
摇滚乐 rock and roll / rock
民间音乐 folk music
民族音乐 ethnic music
民歌摇滚乐 folk rock
爵士乐 jazz
乡土爵士乐 funk
重金属音乐 heavy metal
蓝调;布鲁斯 blues
节奏与蓝调音乐 rhythm and blues (R & B)
灵魂音乐 soul Gospel music
摇摆乐 sewing
爵士摇摆乐 boogie rock
爵士摇滚乐 rock jazz
迪斯科流行乐 disco
乡村音乐 country music
打击乐 rap
瑞格音乐 Reggae
新世纪音乐 New Age music

cornet 短号
trombone 长号
tuba 大号
kettle drums或timpani 定音鼓
compane 排钟
glockenspiel 钟琴
xylophone 木琴
bass drum 大鼓
side drum 小鼓
cymbals 钹
gong 锣
triangl 三角铁
harp 竖琴
piano 钢琴
guitar 吉他
mandolin 曼陀林
lute 鲁特琴（中文的琵琶也译做lute)
organ 风琴

长笛 flute
法国号pretze
击弦古钢琴harpsichord
单簧管clarinet
trombone 低音号
tuba大号
timpani定音鼓
violin小提琴
violoncello大提琴
contrabass低音大提琴（任何最低音的乐器）

Violin 小提琴：A stringed instrument played with a bow, having four strings tuned at intervals of a fifth, an unfretted fingerboard, and a shallower body than the viol and capable of great flexibility in range, tone, and dynamics. 用弓演奏的一种弦乐器，四根弦,按五度音程调音,指板无品，形体较古提琴浅，音域、音色和强弱相当灵活。

Viola 中提琴：A stringed instrument of the violin family, slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower, and having a deeper, more sonorous tone. 提琴家族中的一种弦乐器，稍大于小提琴，调音比小提琴低五度，声音更为深沉、洪亮。

Cello 大提琴：A four-stringed instrument of the violin family, pitched lower than the viola but higher than the double bass. 一种提琴类四弦乐器，音调比中提琴低但比低音提琴高。

Double bass 低音提琴或大贝司：The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra, also used frequently in jazz ensembles, especially played pizzicato. The double bass, usually considered a member of the violin family, is tuned in fourths and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of the viols. It has a deep range beginning about three octaves below middle C. 尤用于拨奏的现代管弦乐队的最大弓弦乐器，也常用于爵士乐合奏。低音提琴通常被算作提琴类，定弦为四度，颈部倾斜和背平是低音提琴的特点。它有始于中央C音以下三个八度的深度范围。

flute 长笛：A high-pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a slender tube closed at one end with keys and finger holes on the side and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown. 由一根一端封闭的纤细管子组成的高音木管乐器，侧边有按键和指孔，靠近封闭端有一个使气流进入的开口。

piccolo 短笛：A small flute pitched an octave above a regular flute. 一种音调比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子。

clarinet 单簧管：A woodwind instrument having a straight, cylindrical tube with a flaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece, played by means of finger holes and keys. 单簧管，黑管一种管乐器，有直的圆筒形管身和一个外敞的管口及一个单簧吹口，以指孔和键的方式演奏。

oboe 双簧管：A slender woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reed mouthpiece, having a range of three octaves and a penetrating, poignant sound. 带有一个圆锥形孔和双簧管吹口的细小的木管乐器，具有三个八度音域和穿透力强而尖利的声音。

English horn 英国管：A double-reed woodwind instrument similar to but larger than the oboe and pitched lower by a fifth. 一种双簧的木制管乐器，类似于双簧管，但音高比双簧管低五度。

bassoon或fogotto 大管：A low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed, having a long wooden body attached to a U-shaped lateral tube that leads to the mouthpiece. The range of this instrument is typically two octaves lower than that of the oboe. 巴松管，低音管一种低调的有双簧的木管乐器，有长的木质管身并与通向吹口的侧面管身相连，这种乐器的音域范围比双簧管明显的低两个八音度。

double bassoon 低音大管：The largest and lowest pitched of the double-reed wind instruments, sounding an octave below the bassoon. 双簧管系管乐器中音高最低的也是最大的乐器，比低音管的音高低一个八度。

horn或French horn 圆号或法国圆号：A valved brass wind instrument that produces a mellow tone from a long, narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in a flaring bell. 一种有活瓣的铜管乐器，从漩涡形且端部有喇叭口的又长又细的管子里发出圆润的乐音。

trumpet 小号：A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell, the modern type being equipped with three valves for producing variations in pitch. 一种高音铜管乐器，由一根从前为环状的金属管和呈喇叭口得末端构成，现代小号上装有三个活瓣以制造不同的音高。

cornet 短号：A wind instrument of the trumpet class, having three valves operated by pistons. 号类的一种管乐器，有三个用活塞控制的栓塞。

trombone 长号：A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent upon itself twice, ending in a bell-shaped mouth, and having a movable U-shaped slide for producing different pitches. 一种铜管乐器，由弯曲两次的长圆筒形金属管构成，尾部有喇叭形口，有一个可滑动的U 形拉管，可发出不同音高的音。

tuba 大号：A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass pitch. 大型带活塞的低音铜管乐器。

harp 竖琴：An instrument consisting of an upright, open triangular frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths played by plucking with the fingers. 一种有一个通常系有四十六根长短不一的琴弦的直立的开放三角架、弹奏时用手指拨动琴弦的乐器。

piano 钢琴：An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be softened or sustained by means of pedals. 一种乐器，用手操作键盘驱动打击钢丝线产生声音，可以通过踏瓣的方式调轻声音或使之持续不断。

organ 风琴：An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes. 一种由一定数量的靠输送气流发声的管子和一个操纵机械装置以使气流通过管子的键盘构成的乐器。

harpsichord 羽管键琴：A stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings with plectra.一种卧式竖琴型或梯形的键盘乐器，类似三角钢琴，但通常有两层键盘（部分为一层，及其个别亦有三层）和两套或更多的弦（每套发出不同音质的音），通过羽管或皮制拨子（拨子连接一顶重器，一般为一根直立的木杆）拨弦，赖琴键内端推动发声。

glockenspiel 钟琴：A percussion instrument with a series of metal bars tuned to the chromatic scale and played with two light hammers. 按半音阶调准的分级金属棒构成的打击乐器，用两个轻槌击奏。

xylophone 木琴：A percussion instrument consisting of a mounted row of wooden bars graduated in length to sound a chromatic scale, played with two small mallets. 一种打击乐器，由逐级加长的一排排镶嵌的木棒组成，并发出半音音阶，用两个小木槌敲击。

bass drum 大鼓：A large drum having a cylindrical body and two heads and producing a low, resonant sound. 一种大鼓，有个圆筒形鼓身和两个面，并能发出低沉的、共鸣的声音。

tambourine 铃鼓：An instrument consisting of a small drumhead with jingling disks that are fitted into the rim. It is shaken with one hand and struck with the other. 小手鼓，一种由边缘嵌有能叮当作响的小金属片的小鼓面构成的一种乐器，演奏时人们一只手摇它而另一只手敲它。

lute 鲁特琴（中文的琵琶也译做lute)：A stringed instrument having a body shaped like a pear sliced lengthwise and a neck with a fretted fingerboard that is usually bent just below the tuning pegs. 一种纵向削制的形状如梨的拨弦乐器，琴颈上有定音档的指板，通常弯曲于调音单轴之下。

mandolin 曼陀林：An instrument with a usually pear-shaped body and a fretted neck over which several pairs of strings are stretched. 常是梨形琴身，在有格纹的琴颈上装有几组供挑拨的琴弦。

guitar 吉他：An instrument having a large, flat-backed sound box similar in shape to a violin, a long fretted neck, and usually six strings, played by strumming or plucking. 一种具有大而平的音箱的乐器，形状与小提琴相似，琴颈长，通常有六根弦，为弹拨乐器。

erhu：二胡 Bowed, two-string fiddle from China, with its bow hairs fixed between the strings; rests on the leg while playing.

Fiddle：费德罗小提琴 English name for the Violin, originated from the Latin Vitula. The French words Vielle and later Viol are also from the same Latin root.

flute：长笛 The flute is a cylindrical metal tube closed at one end that is held horizontally and blown across the mouth hole.

Gu Zheng：古筝 Lonng Chinese zither, typically with 21 strings, also known simply as Zheng (Gu meaning ancient). Related to Japanese Koto.

Harmonica：口琴 the first of the modern European free reed instruments. a block of 10 or more double sided reeds, mouth blown.
Marimbas 马琳吧木琴A modern commercially manufactured, fully resonated orchestral xylophone.

piano：钢琴 Keyboard instrument whose strings are struck with hammers controlled by a keyboard mechanism; pedals control dampers in the strings that stop the sound when the finger releases the key.

keyboard instrument：键盘乐器 Instrument sounded by means of a keyboard (a series of keys played with the fingers). The most commonly recognized keyboard instruments are the piano, organ, harpsichord and synthesizer, a recent invention.

organ：风琴 Wind instrument in which air is fed to the pipes by mechanical means; the pipes are controlled by two or more keyboards and a set of pedals.

string family：弦乐器类 The members of the string family include two types of instruments: bowed and plucked. The standard bowed string instruments, from highest to lowest, are violin, viola, cello and double bass. The harp and guitar are common plucked string instruments. String instruments often play special effects, including trill, pizzicato, harmonic and arpeggio. Also chordophone.

violin：小提琴 The violin's four strings are set in vibration (usually one at a time) by drawing a bow across them with the right hand while the fingers of the left hand stop the strings, changing its vibrate length and thus the pitch.

vibraphone：颤音琴 A percussion instrument with metal bars and electrically driven rotating propellers under each bar that produces a vibrato sound, much used in jazz.

Blues & Jazz

Blues和Jazz 都是黑人音乐，黑人移民到美国后，在二十世纪初将这两类音乐发扬，至今仍影响著全球的Rock和Pop的发展。
Blues 原是黑奴每天弹唱著的原始音乐，大都诉说生活中的血泪，发自生活。音乐都很简单，几乎全部以十二个小节 (Bar ) 作为一个循环，所以又叫做「12-Bar Blues」，并有著独特的Blues Scale <音阶>。这麼多年来，摇滚乐一直有受著Blues的影响。
Jazz则是种复杂得多的音乐，甚至可能是世界上最艰深的音乐。Jazz的特色是用上了大量复杂的和弦、音阶与节奏，并且强调演奏者不依谱的即兴演奏，故此对演奏者的技术要求很高。Jazz在过去一世纪衍化出很多不同的种类，近年更渗进Pop、Rock 等范畴，以不同的形式出现，令更多乐迷可以接触到它。

Contemporary

Contemporary即是现代音乐。这可以说是二十世纪／二十一世纪的正统音乐，也可以视之为今时今日的古典音乐。
当正统音乐踏入二十世纪后期，它与流行音乐愈来愈接近，彼此之间的界线逐渐模糊，所以，
Contemporary也就逐渐变成了「介乎流行与正统之间」的音乐了。有时，我们也可以视这类音乐为「Pop Classical」。
Dance

Dance 的最直接译法就是跳舞音乐，但凡足以令人闻歌起舞的都可称为跳舞 音 乐。不过，近年流行乐坛上，所指的Dance 音乐大都指电子跳舞音乐，即是具潮流色彩的科技派跳舞音乐，如大型电玩 DANCE MANCE X 及 BEAT MANIA 中的音乐 ，其种类名目繁多，包括了Techno、House、Trance、Big Beat、Drum N Bass、Break Beat等等
往往是新潮年青人不断追随的时尚音乐。

Hip Hop

H ip Hop源於50年代纽约Bronx区的黑人街头音乐，基本上是以简单重复的节奏配上诵读(Rap)而成，
再加上Scratch碟、Sampling、乐器弹奏、歌唱、各式敲击并合而成，基本上，你想到加什麼就加什麼，
这就是Hip-hop的精神。Hip Hop往往与其他黑人街头文化例如喷画涂鸦、街头舞蹈、滑板等结合在一起，
自八十年代兴起后，Hip Hop已成为全球受欢迎的音乐种类，并且产生出很多不同类型的变种。

New Age

New Age 是近十多年才出现的新音乐类型，是指舒适、宁静、清新的音乐，
大部分是Instrumental（纯音乐），往往给人一种大自然的舒畅感觉或宇宙太空的浩瀚的气氛。
New Age 也可以有歌唱，所用的乐器从Acoustic乐器（本身发声的乐器）较多，也有用电子乐演奏。
近年人们向往追求心 灵 平和，这类音乐一直颇受欢迎。
O.S.T

O.S.T. 是 Original Soundtrack 的缩写，是指电影原声带, 很难将个别O.S.T.按音乐来型划分,因为电影原声带

很多时将不同类型的音乐与歌曲集於一碟，故此在这里将所有电影原声带都列入O.S.T.类。
Pop

Pop是指流行曲, Pop 是世界各地的主流音乐,香港绝大多数歌手都唱Pop,故此Pop music在香港已成为商业歌曲<多可悲>。
它的特色是旋律明快，容易上口，节奏简单，是一种很能打破地划界限的音乐。

Classical Music意思系古典音乐, 系现在众多音乐种类o既源头, 古典音乐通常都有一种好浪漫o既感觉...有好多幻想空间....
Reggae

Reggae ,一种起源於牙买加o既音乐, 主要乐器有Bingo，它的特点很明显,在每小节的弱拍（第二拍和第四拍 ）是强拍，听起来很容易辨认。Reggae 的代表有 Reggae之父Bob Marley, UB40 , Paul Simson等

Rock

Rock即是摇滚乐，或摇摆乐，它源自黑人的 Blues，经加强了节奏和「白人化」之后而成，
Rock的最大特色就是强劲的鼓击节奏，而电结他一直是Rock的主要乐器。Rock往往带著反叛、不羁的色彩，
过去四十年来，很多不同种类的Rock衍化了出来，令这种音乐加添了很多色彩，ROCK的代表有早期有The Beatles ，Rolling Stones ，Guns 'N' Roses，后期有Oasis、 Radiohead等。
Punk

Punk中文译名叫叛克, 於70年代开始流行, 主流音乐之一, 玩世不恭, 大摇大摆成为PUNK o既标志, 歌词表达出叛逆思想, 对生活环境、文化、社会、政治等o既不满, 音乐冇特定风格, 音乐结构简单, 节奏快, 加上噪音...俾人疯狂o既感觉.....

PUNK代表 : Sex Pistols
World Music

World Music即是世界音乐，它指的是带著落后地区传统民族音乐风格的音乐。例如各式非洲音乐或亚洲地区传统音乐，
这类传统音乐如被加以改良或加重了节奏，也都被称为World Music。这是近年世界各地流行的新曲种之一。
中乐

中乐即是中国音乐,中国各地的音乐,都属於中乐,它包括了各地区的民歌、戏曲与及器乐曲。
以及中式管弦作品,也都归入中国音乐之内,中国的乐器亦有很多种,当中以古筝,二胡,笛子和箫最为人知 。

近期有位中国女歌手丁菲飞将中国音乐加入了现代音乐o既元素...值得听听
Ambient Music

环境音乐,是一些充满意境,将life中的不同的声音组成的电子音乐就系「环境音乐」