China'seconomicstabilitybenefitsUS.doc

China's economic stability benefits US
By Ding Qingfen (China Daily)
Updated: 2010-10-16 07:25
Latest: US to delay decision in China currency dispute
BEIJING - The United States should stop politicizing China's currency issues, a spokesman for the Ministry of Commerce said on Friday, emphasizing that China's economic stability and growth mean more benefits to the US economy and consumers.
Yao Jian, spokesman for the ministry, said China should not be a "scapegoat" for the US' economic and unemployment woes.
China is the third largest exporting destination of the US, but the US also benefits from the large number of US companies operating in China that export back to the US, Yao said.
Yao's remarks came hours before the US Department of Treasury was scheduled to release a biannual currency report on Friday, in which the largest economy in the world will decide whether to label its major trading partner a currency manipulator.
The last time China or any other country was cited by the US government in the semiannual report was in 1994.
Although many believe the US is highly unlikely to do so this time, the US has been increasing its pressure on China over the yuan, especially as Congressional elections are scheduled for November.
"The US cannot shift its own domestic problems onto China and the yuan," Yao said at a monthly news briefing.
"The US arguments and moves are implausible, incorrect and run against the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules," he said.
Zhou Xiaochuan, China's central bank governor, wrote in an article on Friday in China Finance, a central bank magazine, that China will continue yuan reforms, but exchange rate changes must be reasonable and balanced.
On Friday, the yuan traded 6.6497 against the dollar. So far this year, the yuan has risen by 2.6 percent against the US dollar.
Yao said there is no direct relationship between the exchange rate and China's trade surplus with the US, so the yuan should not be blamed.
China's trade surplus narrowed to $16.88 billion in September, the lowest in the past five months and also the second month that the figure has fallen.
Economists predict the surplus will keep shrinking in the months ahead, given that China's imports will continue to rise and the growth of external demand will slacken.
Unreasonable appreciation of the yuan not only hurts China but also the world's economy, as China contributed one half of the world's economic growth in 2009.
At China's largest trade fair - the China Import and Export Fair - which opened on Friday in Guangzhou, many small and medium-size companies expressed their concerns about an appreciating yuan.
"We are under great pressure. Should the exchange rate rise rapidly, many of us will be out of business," Dai Chao, export manager of Macro Gas Appliances, was quoted by Xinhua News Agency as saying. The company is a medium-sized private company that sells gas appliances to East European and South American countries.
As China's trade surplus has remained high the past few months and the world economic recovery is still in limbo, some countries and regions have joined the US in calling for yuan revaluation to help boost their economic growth.
The European Union's Central Bank Chief Economist Juergen Stark was quoted as saying on Friday there are "good reasons to believe" the yuan will continue to appreciate in the future.
Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said China and the Republic of Korea should "take responsible actions within common rules and allow currencies to be more flexible".
Yao refuted Kan's claim. "It is not reasonable for Japan to comment on China's currency policies, given the fact that Japan has benefited a lot by running a large trade surplus with China for years," Yao said.
Japan has run a large trade surplus with China for eight years and is now the largest exporter to China. During the first nine months of the year, China's imports from Japan grew by 38.4 percent from a year earlier, and China's trade deficit with Japan surged by 82.2 percent year-on-year.
Responding to the Chinese restrictions on rare earth exports to Japan, Yao said China's measures are in line with WTO regulations, and the restrictions not only apply to exports, but also manufacturing.
"It is out of concern for environment protection. We want to cooperate with developed countries on upgrading technology and making the industry more efficient," he said.
Japan is the world's largest importer of rare earth. China owns more than 90 percent of the production of the rare earth widely used in hybrid cars and cell phones.

摘要：
口译是一种语言所表达的内容在另一种语言中的即时再现。口译与笔译虽然同属翻译工作，都是人们所表达的思想从一种语言转化到另一种语言的过程，并且都是一个从理解到表达的过程，在口译中笔译的一些主要技巧也可以适用，但口、笔译毕竟是两种不同的语言转换，因此两者各有其方法和特点。随着我国加入WTO，各种形式和内容的涉外活动与日俱增，各行各业对口译人才的需求量也越来越大，规格和要求也越来越高。在这种情况下，口译课的教学内容和教学方法就成了口译课教师高度重视的一个问题。教育部规定口译课是为高年级学生开设的英语基本技能课程。通过讲授口译基本理论、口译背景知识和训练口译的基本技巧，使学生掌握口译的基本理论和专题连续传译的技能，初步学会口译记忆方法、口头概述，口译笔记及公众演课技，以求学生能较准确、流畅地进行汉英对译. 但是大学口译教学也存在着很多问题，比如许多错误修改，对学生口译技能培训的不重视，教学评估系统问题等等。本文针对这些问题提出了一些对应的解决方法，希望对读者有所启示。

Interpretation means an extempore oral reproduction，in one language，of what is said in another language. It is a“bridge”of communication between peoples of different languages. With the development of our country，we communicate more with foreign countries，so the need for interpreters is increasing rapidly，and the requirement for interpreters is also increasing. Ministry of Education provided that the interpretation course is a basic skill course opened for senior students in English. By teaching the basic theory of interpretation, interpretation background knowledge and basic skills in interpretation, the students master the basic theory and thematic interpretation consecutive interpretation skills, and learn the initial interpretation and memory methods, oral summary of the public speech class notes and interpretation skills and the students can be more accurate, fluent in the English translation.. However, there are some problems with college interpreting teaching, such as much error-correction, less attention paid to training student's interpreting skills, problems with the teaching evaluation system and so on. In this paper, the author proposes the problems with college interpreting teaching in China and gives some solutions to give some enlightenment to the reader.

中央党校教授：党有自身利益是一种客观存在
2010年05月05日 09:25新华网
新华网北京5月5日电 由中央党校主管主办的《学习时报》第534期刊登中央党校党建教研部主任、博士生导师王长江教授的文章《党有自身利益是一种客观存在》，以下为原文内容：
编者按：4月12日本报刊发了《党没有自身利益应成为全党共识》的文章，引起了社会的广泛关注，并引发不同观点的争议。执政党作为一个政治主体，究竟有没有自身“利益”？应该如何看待“党的利益”？这是涉及执政党建设的重大理论问题，确需经过广泛深入的讨论加以厘清。为此特刊发中央党校党建教研部主任、博士生导师王长江教授的商榷文章，供读者参考，也欢迎广大读者参与讨论。
我们党面临的一项紧迫任务，就是在承认党也有利益的前提下，按照市场经济的基本法则、民主政治的基本规律和依法治国的根本要求，一方面理直气壮地维护自己的合法权益，而不是对利益问题采取回避的、虚无主义的态度；另一方面，对这一利益作出严格界定，避免党的利益的空泛化，不给既得利益留下任何理论的和实践的空间。这无疑将大大增强党执政的合法性基础。
当改革向纵深发展、最终牵涉到政治体制的核心——执政党的时候，党的利益问题就成了一个我们绕不过去且必须面对的重大问题。近年来，无论理论工作者，还是实践工作者，都时常有关于这个问题的思考。笔者本人早在2004年就写过《要重视对“党的利益”问题的研究》一文（《载马克思主义与现实》2004年第 4期，《新华文摘》2004年第21期全文转载），表达了对党的利益问题的基本看法。最近在《学习时报》上读到一篇题为“党没有自身利益应当成为全党共识”的文章，也在谈这个问题。文章认为，承认党有利益，不利于广大党员正确理解“立党为公执政为民”的宗旨，应当让“党没有自身利益”成为全党共识。整篇文章言之凿凿，情之切切，字里行间，体现了一种强烈的忧党之心，笔者深为赞赏。
但是，对于文中表达的观点，笔者却不敢苟同。我认为，承认也好，不承认也好，党的利益都是一种不以人的意志为转移的客观存在。这里有几点看法，提出来大家商榷。
党没有自身利益的说法，在公众感受上难以得到认可
党作为一个客观存在的组织机体，一旦运行起来，自然会消耗一部分资源。众所周知，资源是稀缺的。参与稀缺资源的分配，就不得不面对利益。举个例子：党要活动，就需要有经费。经费多些少些，对党开展活动的成效影响甚大。如果党没有利益，党的活动经费算什么？我们既不可能说党的活动不需要经费，也不可以说，党的经费和人民的财产不分彼此，是一回事。又比如，政党都有自己的目标。实现目标，第一个条件就是执政。执政才能使政党目标的实现成为可能。从这个意义上说，执政就是政党最大利益之所在。再比如，作为一个组织，政党由个人组成，每个个人都有自己的利益。如果说，组合成一个集体后便没有了利益，就很难说明，这个逻辑过程是怎样完成的。所以，对这些实实在在存在的东西，不能采用“鸵鸟政策”，要么视而不见，要么把它和人民利益混为一谈。这样做没有任何好处，只会徒添公众对执政党的不信任。而且，与不讲利益相关，在执政中也必然不讲成本。我们在相当长一段时间里不计成本地搞政治运动，公款消费数额之大乃至直到现在都令其他许多国家的执政党咋舌，很大程度上恐怕正和把党的利益、国家利益、人民利益混淆在一起有关。
从革命领袖的论述看，他们从来没有说过党没有自身利益
我们要讲清一个道理，仍然离不开到领袖语录中去找依据的习惯。即便如此，沿着这个思路看问题，说党没有利益也是缺乏根据的。《共产党宣言》中有两段被认为涉及党的利益问题的话：“共产党不是同其他工人政党相对立的特殊政党。”“在无产者不同民族的斗争中，共产党人强调和坚持整个无产阶级共同的不分民族的利益；另一方面，在无产阶级和资产阶级的斗争所经历的各个发展阶段上，共产党人始终代表整个运动的利益。”这两段话经常被引用作为无产阶级领袖不承认党有利益的佐证。其实，稍加分析就会发现，这种推断是立不住的。其一，说共产党不和其他工人阶级政党相对立，只是表明共产党和其他工人阶级政党立场的一致性，和党有没有利益毫无关系。其二，说共产党代表作为整体的工人阶级的利益，这是对的，但并不等于说代表者和被代表者的利益是一回事。就如同人民代表和人民之间是代表和被代表关系，并不意味着人民代表连自己的吃喝拉撒睡都没有了、连自己的工资都不要了一样。代表得好，二者可能高度一致；代表不好，不但可能不一致，还很可能发生用代表者的利益侵害被代表者利益的事情。分析革命领袖的上述论断，我们只能得出一个结论，就是共产党的利益不能和人民利益相违背，共产党不能把自己的利益置于人民利益之上，但却读不出党没有自己利益的内容。
承认党有利益，不等于承认党要维护自己的特殊利益
怕说党的利益，从观念上说，有两个主要原因。一是对利益的偏见。从古代以来，中国人在儒家文化的影响下，十分倡导“君子不言利”。言利者，俗人也。古人尚且如此，何况共产党人？由此推论，似乎共产党人都应是不食人间烟火的，一说利益便不先进、不高尚了。二是搞混了利益和“私利”、“特殊利益”的区别，把利益、私利、特殊利益都当成贬义词。前一种情况，说明一些传统的过时观念还在人们中间有影响。事实上，中国社会主义市场经济实践的发展早已将这种观念打得粉碎，无需再作更多说明。对于后一种情况，倒是真需要作一番辨析。其实，利益和“私利”、“特殊利益”在概念上是不能混淆的。这一点，我在2004年的文章中分析过，此处不复赘言。简言之，“私利”强调其中之“私”，是因为这种利益相对其他人乃至被代表者利益而言具有排他性，和它们有对立和冲突，所以才有“谋私”之说；“特殊利益”强调其中的“特殊”，是因为掌握着资源分配权的人把它放在和其他利益不平等的位置，或者说凌驾于其他利益之上，方显其特殊。不难看出，革命领袖所强调的正是共产党不能有这种“私利”、“特殊利益”，而并不否定党作为一个政治组织和人民当家作主的工具所应有的、正当的利益。
承认党有利益，才能使依法治国有一个科学的前提
如果公开声称党没有利益，人们就可以对立党为公、执政为民有正确的理解，党和人民群众之间的关系就会变得融洽，党内由利益引出的种种消极现象就会消失，那么，恕我直言，这种想法确实有点不切实际，把问题看简单了。市场经济本身是一种以利益驱动为重要调节手段的机制，不管是资本主义的，还是社会主义的，统统如此。并不会因为不承认它，它就不存在了。恰恰相反，客观存在的东西，不去研究它，只会使我们无法认识和把握它的规律性，以致走弯路，付出沉重代价。改革开放以来，我们在取得巨大成就的同时，也出现了党内腐败分子前“腐”后继，部门利益、既得利益躲藏在“人民利益”、“国家利益”、“整体利益”的大旗下获得巨大发展空间这种令人担忧的状况。分析起来，原因固然复杂，但其中一个很重要的原因，就是我们过去对党的利益问题视若禁区，很少研究，没有划清党的正当利益和这些特殊利益的边界，使种种不正当的利益可以以种种高尚辞藻的名义堂而皇之地大行其道。现实不止一次告诉我们，只有实事求是地承认党的利益的存在，才好客观地研究各种利益之间的关系，特别是研究人民的利益和他的代表者——党的利益的关系，把党的利益摆在恰当的位置上。“文化大革命”时期那种不但不承认党有利益，而且否定一切利益的虚假“高尚”，已经使我们党吃了太大的亏，其惨痛代价足以使我们时刻牢记。我们不应当在这个问题上再稀里糊涂地“高尚”下去。