英语专业四级词汇+语法.doc

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高校英语专业四级考试·词汇语法详细解答
Test One
集体名词作主语主谓一致
1)通常作复数的集体名词
集体名词，如：police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等，
通常作复数，用复数动词。如：
Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.
2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有些集体名词，如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
The city council is meeting to set its agenda.
4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
近义词辨析
tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, wornout
这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired
可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted
表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。
fatigued
所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。
He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。
Weary
语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。
After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。
wornout
这个词不太正式，多用于口语。
The troops were wornout after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。
全真模拟试题
1. Although ____ Spanish, he attended the course.
A. he was knowing B. he is knowingC. having a knowledge of D. knows
2. You ____that letter to James. However, you didn’t.
A. ought to write B. ought to have written
C. should write D. should be writing
3. Joseph was very lucky ____ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room. A. to escape B. to have escaped
C. to escaping D. to be escaping
4. Bread and butter ____liked by Westerners.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ____very pleasant to sit on in summer. A. which is B. which it is C. it is D. where it is
6. He set up in business ____ his own and was very successful.
A. in B. of C. on D. by
7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ____last night.
A. must study B. should have studied
C. must have studied D. is sure to study
8. Frank almost never received any education, ____?
A. would he B. did he
C. didn’t he D. wouldn’t he
9. Even if his letter ____ tomorrow, it ____too late to do anything.
A. will arrive...is B. should arrive...were
C. arrives...will be D. arrives...would be
10. We can hear ____from the back of the room.
A. just as good B. just as easy 
C. just as well D. easily as well
11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ____of paint on a clean surface.
A. coats B. levels C. times D. courses
12. The small mountain village was ____ by the snow for more than one month.
A. cut back B. cut out
C. cut off D. cut away
13. Miss Green was ____ $100 for driving after drinking.
A. fined B. charged C. punished D. posed
14. Modern ____ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.
A. technique B. technology
C. tactics D. tendency
15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear
it ____ when she was trying to go to sleep.
A. sounding B. ringing C. ticking D. humming
16. Under this ____ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.
A. intensive B. weighty C. intense D. bulky
17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ____ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.
A. maximum B. minority C. majority D. minimum
18. Nancy was surprised that they have ____. They seemed to be a happy couple.
A. split up B. broken down 
C. fallen through D. knocked out
19. The beach is in an ideal ____ to draw tourists.
A. condition B. situation C. state D. publicity
20. Our ____ sensitivity decreases with age. By age
60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.
A. sensible B. senseless 
C. sensitive D. sensory
21. The eldest child is thoroughly ____ because they
always give him whatever he wants.
A. wasted B. spoiled
C. destroyed D. uneducated
22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ____ a gas.
A. give into B. give over
C. give off D. give away
23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ____ with him at once.
A. peace B. large C. ease D. best
24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?
—Well, I’ll have to get ____ from my boss.
A. permission B. permit
C. allowance D. possession
25. The ____ in Janet’s character has hindered her f
rom advancement in her career.
A. weakness B. merit
C. defect D. shortcoming

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试题答案与解析 
1. C) 【句意】 虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他
还是参加了这个课程的学习。
【难点】 know是静态动词，不能用于进行时；选knows从句中又缺少主语。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组have a knowledge of中，所以选C)。
2. B) 【句意】 你本应该给詹姆斯写信，然而，你没写。
【难点】 ought to have written是虚拟语气，与本句句意相符。
3. B) 【句意】 约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命；他险些没从房间里逃出来。
【难点】 to have escaped 是不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已完成。
4. A) 【句意】 黄油面包受西方人青睐。
【难点】 bread and butter 是西方人吃的一种食品，虽然有三个字，表
达的却是一个东西，并且是不可数名词，作单数。
5. A) 【句意】 我家的后花园有一片草坪，夏天坐在上面会令你心旷神怡。
【难点】 which引出非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和sit on 构成动宾关系。类似的句子有：This room is comfortable to live in 这句中live in 和this room构成动宾关系。
6. C) 【句意】 他独自一人开始经商，并且做得很成功。
【难点】 on one’s own 是个常用的介词词组，意为“独自”；of one’s own表示“某人自己的(东西)”，如：I have a flat of my own.我自己有套房子。
7. C) 【句意】 约翰的考试分数全班最高；他昨天晚上一定学习了。
【难点】 表示对过去某一动作行为的猜测须要用must have done这一句型结构。
8. B) 【句意】 弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育，是不是?
【难点】 这是一句含有否定副词never的一般过去时的句子，由于主句为否定形式，所以反意问句用肯定形式。
9. C) 【句意】 即使他的信明天到也无济于事了。
【难点】 在条件句中表示现在将来的时间，需要用一般现在时，主句中使用将来时。
10. C) 【句意】 我们在房间的后面也能听得很清楚。
【难点】 as well意为“(程度)同样地好”，是副词短语修饰动词hear；just表示程度，意为“刚好”。
11. A) 【句意】 为获得一个满意的结果，你必须在一个干净的表面上涂两层油漆。
【难点】 coat意为“覆盖物，层”;level意为“(建筑物)楼层”;times意为“次，回”;courses意为“(一层)砖面；一排”。
12. C) 【句意】 这个小山村被大雪封住达一个多月。
【难点】 cut back意为“削减；缩减”;cut out意为“停止；切下”;cut off意为“切断；使隔断”;cut away意为“切除；砍掉”。
13. A) 【句意】 格林小姐因酒后驾车被罚100美元。
【难点】 fine意为“处…以罚金”;charge意为“要(价)，收(费)，要(人)支付(钱)”;punish意为“罚，惩罚”;pose意为“造成，引起(困难)”。
14. B) 【句意】 现代技术所引发的问题也许比它所能解决的要多。
【难点】 technique意为“技法；具体的技术”;technology意为“工业技术”;tactics意为“战术，兵法，策略”；tendency意为“倾向”。
15. C) 【句意】 玛丽蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了，因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴哒地响。
【难点】 sound意为“作声，发声，响”;ring意为“鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音”;tick意为“发出滴哒声”;hum意为“发连续低沉的声音(如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声)”。
16. C) 【句意】 在这种强大的压力下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。
【难点】 intensive意为“加强的；集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的；笨重的”;intense意为“强烈的，剧烈的”;bulky意为“庞大的；粗壮的”。
17. C) 【句意】 当然，大多数移民不是一夜之间就发财的，但是他们大多最终改善了自己的生活水平。
【难点】 maximum意为“最大限量；最高点”;minority意为“少数，半数以下”;majority意为“大多数”;minimum意为“最低限度，最低点”。
18. A) 【句意】 南希对他们的离婚表示十分惊讶，因为他们似乎是一对快乐的夫妇。
【难点】 split up意为“分裂，离婚”;break down意为“(精神方面)垮
掉；(健康)变得衰弱；崩溃”;fall through意为“失败；成为泡影”;knock out意为“使筋疲力尽”。
19. B) 【句意】 这片海滩所处位置理想，吸引了很多游客。
【难点】 condition意为“状况；形势”;situation意为“位置，地点，环境”;
state意为“状态，情形”;publicity意为“公众的注意，名声”。
20. D) 【句意】 我们的感官能力随着年龄的增长而下降。比如说，到60岁的时候，多数人失去了他们40%的嗅觉能力和50%的味觉能力。
【难点】 sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”;senseless意为“失去知觉的，不
省人事的”;sensitive意为“敏感的”;sensory意为“感觉的，传递感觉的”。
21. B) 【句意】 他们的大孩子被彻底宠坏了，因为他要什么，他们就给什么。
【难点】 waste意为“使衰弱；使消瘦”;spoil意为“宠坏，溺爱”;destroy意为“破坏；毁灭”;uneducated意为“未受(良好)教育的”。
22. C) 【句意】 如果一种物质溶解在水里或被加热，它可能释放出一种气体。
【难点】 give into为非固定搭配；give over意为“托付，交托”；give off意为“散发”；give away意为“送掉，分发(奖品)等”。
23. C) 【句意】 他那平易近人的风度使得博拉立刻放松了情绪。
【难点】 at peace意为“和平地”;at large意为“自由地；大体地”;at ease意为“不拘束”;at best意为“至多”。
24. A) 【句意】 ——你明天能休一天吗?——呵，我要征得老板的允许。
【难点】 permission意为“允许”；permit意为“许可证”；allowance意为“津贴”；possession意为“拥有”。
25. C) 【句意】 詹妮特的性格缺陷阻碍了她事业进步。
【难点】 weakness意为“弱点；嗜好”;merit意为“优点，长处”;defect意为“缺点，缺陷”;shortcoming意为“缺点，短处”。

Test Two

关于used to的意义和用法
used to (只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习
惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。例如：
He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.
在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’t use to或usedn’t to均可：
He didn’t use to smoke cigarettes.
He usedn’t to smoke cigarettes. 
Didn’t Maria use to be interested in the theatre?
Usedn’t Maria to be interested in the theatre? 
在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式：
Used you to go to the same school as Edward?
Did you use to go to the same school as Edward? 
近义词辨析
use, apply, avail, employ, utilize
这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。
use
强调利用人或物作为工具。
He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。
apply
指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。
We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。
avail
指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服务。
I don’t think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。
We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们利用一切机会讲英语。
employ
指使用未被利用的东西；用于人时表示雇用。
He doesn’t know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。 utilize
指充分发挥某物的作用，使无用的东西变有用，或使人或物有新用途。
She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。
全真模拟试题
1. My pain ____ apparent the moment I w
alked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you fe
eling all right?”
A. must be B. must have been C. had been D. had to be
2. It is only when you nearly lose someone ____ fully conscious of how much you value him.
A. do you become B. then you become
C. that you become D. have you become
3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ____ the atmosphere.
A. as it is B. so is C. the same as D. and so is
4. While driving along the treacherous road, ____.
A. my right rear tyre blew out 
B. my right rear tyre had a blowout 
C. I had a blownout on my right rear tyre 
D. I had my right rear tyre blowout
5. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of AfroAmerican poetry
is his insistence that it ____ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
A. is to be analysed B. has been analysed 
C. be analysed D. should have been analysed
6.____ there is little we can do to modify the weather, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect.
A. Since B. When C. While D. Unless
7. This organization brought Western artists together in the hope of making more of an impact on the art community ____ any of them could individually and to promote Western art by women.
A. rather than B. rather C. than D. other than
8. But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought
them ____ suffering and poverty.
A. anything but B. nothing but 
C. none other than D. no more than
9. After ____ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to step into the doctor’s office.
A. it B. that C. what D. which
10. The board deemed it’s urgent that these files ____right away.
A. had to be printed B. should have been printed 
C. must be printed D. should be printed
11. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any ____of it at all.
A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. interpretation
12. You should have your eyes tested every year in case the ____of your spectacles need changing.
A. lenses B. glasses C. sights D. crystals
13. The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be ______ with the students and their parents.
A. recognized B. popular C. favorable D. fascinated
14. By cutting down trees we ____ the natural home of birds and animals.
A. harm B. hurt C. injure D. damage
15. Mr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a ____ if approached with enthusiasm.
A. prize B. reward C. refund D. bonus
16. The trade unions in this industry are ____ any reduction in wages.
A. objecting against B. opposed to 
C. reacted to D. resisting against
17. She was teaching me ____ you would teach a younger child to speak the language. A. the way B.in the way C. a way D. to the way
18. The Brownings have not ____ yet and I doubt whether they will come.
A turned in B. turned out C.turned up D. turned to
19. We went on a(n) ____ to the mountain yesterday
A.excursion B. trip C. tour D. travel
20. When Sarah and I ____ on an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.
A. compiled B. gathered 
C. collaborated D. collected
21. Beth could ____ her coat because it had large red buttons.
A. recognize B. prove C. define D. claim
22. Postal ____ are determined by the class and weight of the parcel mailed.
A. taxes B. payment C. fees D. premium
23. My father is so deaf that he has to use a hearing ____
A. help B. aid C. support D. tool
24. On New Year’s Eve, there will be a firework ____at People’s Square.
A. display B. performance C. show D. exhibition
25. The ____ of beer and alcohol in New Zealand is very high.
A. consumption B. use C. drink D. absorption
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试题答案与解析 
1. B) 【句意】 我刚一走进房间时一定表现得
很痛苦，因为我遇到的第一个人同情地问我：“你没事吧?”
【难点】 must与完成时不定式连用往往表示对过去发生的事情的主观推测，常译成“一定是…”。
2. C) 【句意】 只有当你快要失去什么人时，
你才充分意识到他对你是多么重要。
【难点】 该句是一个典型的强调句式，即It is...that...。

3. B) 【句意】 正像土壤是地球的一部分，大气层也是。
【难点】 Just as...，so...为一固定结构，意为“正如…，…也…”。
4. C) 【句意】 当我在险峻的山路上驾车急驰时，车的右后胎爆了。
【难点】 此句为一个带有时间状语从句的主从复合句。在英语中，由while, when等引导的
时间状语从句，如果其主语与主句中的主语相同，从句中的主语可以省略，而只剩下分词短
语。驾车的应该是人，所以只能从C)和D)选，而D)的意义不符，所以选C)。

5. C) 【句意】 杰恩·瓦格那对亚非诗歌最永恒的贡献是他坚持认为，这类诗歌除用凡俗的参考框架，还应用宗教的参考框架进行研究。
【难点】 insistence是个从insist派生来的名词，二者后面分别接同位语从句和宾语从句，句中皆应使用虚拟形式，即should+动词原形或动词原形。
6. C) 【句意】 尽管我们在改变天气方面无能为力，但我们至少知道天气未来的变化。
【难点】 while除表示时间外，还可表示转折、让步，意为“尽管，虽然”。该句中其它选项不具备此意。
7. C) 【句意】 该组织把西部艺术家聚集在一起，希望他们比任何个人都能更多地影响艺术界，并由妇女来促进西部艺术。
【难点】 选项C)的than与句中的more形成正确搭配，意为“比…都…”，故为答案。
8. B) 【句意】 但是多年以前瑞士人就发现连
年不断的战争给他们带来的只有苦难和贫穷。
【难点】 nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”；anything but意为“除…以外的任何
事”；none other than意为“不是别人，正是…”；no more than意为“不过，仅仅”。
9. C) 【句意】 在经过一段似乎是漫无边际的等候之后，终于轮到她走进医生的办公室。
【难点】 在由after引导的介词短语中，what seemed(to be)起定语作用，修饰an endless wait。又如：I saw what seemed to be a fox.我看见一个似乎是狐狸的东西。
10. D) 【句意】 董事会认为这些卷宗应立刻打印。
【难点】 urgent在句中做形式宾语it的补足语，其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟式，即should+动词原形。
11. C) 【句意】 他的答案很不清楚，我根本弄不懂。
【难点】 sense意为“意义；含义”,短语make sense of意为“弄懂…的意思”；explanat
ion意为“解释，说明，阐述”，侧重说明事件的真相、原因；meaning意为“意义，意思；
含义”，但不能在make sense of 短语中代替sense；interpretation意为“解释，说明，
阐明”，比较正式。
12. A) 【句意】 你应该每年检查一次自己的眼睛，因为你的眼镜镜片也许需要更换。
【难点】 lenses意为“镜片”；glasses意为“眼镜”；sights意为“视野；风景”；crystals意为“水晶，晶体”。
13. B) 【句意】 校董会希望他们选择的那出剧会受到孩子和家长的欢迎。
【难点】 popular意为“讨人喜欢的；得人心的；受欢迎的”。recognized意为“被赏识的
；受表彰的”。favorable意为“赢得赞许的；讨人喜欢的”，但后面不能接with。fascinated意为“被迷住的，被弄得神魂颠倒的”。
14. D) 【句意】 我们砍伐树木的行为损