考研模拟题讲义（1）.doc

To whom it mat concern, I am writing to ask whether you could help me find a child in a remote area to whom I will offer my financial aid. It would be most helpful if the recipient of my financial assistance is a primary school girl living in the western region of our country. Girls in poor regions are forced to drop school because of poverty, and I hope one of them can have the chance to finish schooling with my help. The candidate should be a girl at age of 8 to 10 and her previous score reports should prove her potential to an outstanding student in the future. I would like to give the girl my financial support annually until she graduates from college. The money will cover her tuition fee and other expenses at school. Besides, I will correspond with her frequently so that she can seek advice whenever she needs. I really appreciate your help and look forward to your reply.Yours SincerelyLi Ming As is vividly depicted in the left picture, a man has had David Beckhams name written on his face. And in the right picture, a man asks his barber to cut his hair on the model of David Beckham, the popular British soccer star, which he pays RMB 300. Such cases of idolatry are not uncommon in todays China. According to a survey, a high percentage of junior high school students can be described as idol worshipers. The younger generation is demonstrating their respect for their heroes in every perceivable way. They spend hours waiting for an idol at the airport. They scream wildly at him at a concert. They collect every possible thing they could find about him. And they even thrill at the nere sight of him. Yet many parents find it difficult to conceal their worry about their childrens idol worship. They think its a waste of time and energy. Their childrens emotions and attentions are entwined with the idol, who, has nothing to do with their life. It makes their children wild and distracts them from the studies. There is nothing wrong for one to have his own role model. However, if young people adore the pop stars to the extent of losing self-control, they misunderstand the essence of popular culture, which is just a resource to enrich our life. Young people should learn how to live their own lives instead of blindly following others footsteps. Maybe the point for a balanced and moderate idol worship is trying to rationalize the irrational by focusing on the attributes of an idol that made him successful.英语写作中确立主题句，围绕主题句进行展开主题句的展开首先要在句中找到需要展开的KEY WORDS。所谓KEY WORDS指的是句中“不明确的东西”， 能引起读者“反思”或“激发思考和好奇心的东西”。这就提醒我们在撰写主题句时要认真思考，怎样才能使你写出的主题句具备这种功能，怎样能利用这样的句子激发读者继续下去。其实， 文章的开头方式多种多样， 主要有以下几种：1 以问题开头，以吸引读者自己通过阅读去寻找答案。比如：Do you fell warmer these years? What on earth has happened to climate?2. 以详实的数据开头。比如：According to a survey, about 30 million people have lost their lives because a deadly disease.3. 以谚语的形式开头。4. 以其它方式开头。主题句的展开When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals.Dr. Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative.46Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(05)电视是制造和表达这些情绪的方式之一，在加强不同民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在近来欧洲事务中那样起过如此大的作用。47.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.像在其它地方一样，欧洲的多媒体集团日益成功，这些集团把相互间联系密切的电视台、广播电台、报纸、杂志及出版社组合到了一起。48.This alone demonstrates that the television business is not as easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistic that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这一事实通过统计数字来看也是一目了然的：统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不下50%。49.Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.创造一个尊重那些能够构成旧大洲联系网络的不同文化和传统的：“欧洲统一体”并不是容易的事，它需要有战略性的选择。50.In dealing with a challenge on such a scale it is no exaggeration to say, “United we stand, divided we fall:.在应付一个如此规模的挑战的过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，团结则立，分裂则亡。Dear Mr. Wang, I would like to inform you that I will be resigning as the editor of Design & Fashions. I have been employed from November, 2004. I plan to leave on January 31, 2005. Thank you very much for having given me this opportunity to be an editor of such a respected magazine. However, I find that working style in the fashion circle is totally different what I have experienced before, and I find it very challenging to communicate with those fashion designers and people in the fashion circle. Besides, working overtime frequently makes it impossible to keep myself healthy and energetic, which I believe is not beneficial to the magazine. Please accept my apology for any inconvenience caused by my resignation.Yours faithfullyLi MingThe Young Should Take Care of Their Old Parents The cartoon symbolically depicts how three sons and a daughter treat their old, helpless father. They each stand in a different corner of a football field. The eldest son kicks out the father, who huddles up into a ball. The other children are prepare to ward him off. It is obvious that none of them is willing to receive their father. The picture is thought-provoking, and what it illustrates is a common phenomenon in todays society: many grown-up children refuse to support their aging parents. While they enjoy a comfortable life, their parents are neglected and reduced to utter poverty, as these elderly people have grown so physically weak that they no longer have the means to support themselves. I think these children have betrayed their own conscience and therefore may subject themselves to social contempt and criticism. According to the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China, parents have the duty to rear and educate their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. Moreover, it is a social morality and Chinese tradition for the children to take care of their parents senior life with their capacity while the parents are in great need. We owe so much to our parents in that they not only gave us life but have done much in bringing us up. It is against nature for us to shirk the responsibility of taking care of our parents when they are old. Rather, we have the duty to pay back their love by making their later years enjoyable and happy. The picture vividly depicts that a person is reading newspapers on his cell phone. With newspapers endlessly pouring out of his phone, he is just leafing them through in a leisurely way. Maybe, thats exactly what you do everyday, and new-born technologies indeed bring us much convenience and have thoroughly changed the way we receive information. Compared to the traditional ways of knowing the world, timely, convenient and various are the best words to describe the characteristics of our era when we are living in. Thanks to the fantastic development of technology, our life is becoming colorful and full of changes when every morning comes. As is depicted in the cartoon, the room is in a mess with a variety of textbooks scattering here and there, and a child is standing on the desk putting the rope circle around his neck while his mother comes in with a pile of books in her hands. And the words below come as the childs desperate voice: “Mom, I cant stand it!” This is a shocking picture, which truly reflects a common phenomenon in todays China. Parents are eager to enable their children to learn as much as possible so that they can cope with such a fiercely competitive society in the future. This desire is not unreasonable and unkind, but it is their strong wishes that have made their children feel burdensome even depressed. They are very young and entitled to enjoy a happy childhood instead of drowning themselves in endless reading, writing, practising and other almost non-stop study activities. So it is time for us to think again about the way we treat our children. Is that proper? Is it likely that our children will achieve their success if we insist doing so? I believe, the questions are too hard for parents to answer because they are not sure about their childrens future at all. They are just betting, and the children are the chips.16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。Drill(2)21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scapegoating.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an events occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substances solid is higher than the density of its liquid.大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff. Elizabeth Blackwell，美国第一个女医生，创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰，因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.骨头看起来是脆硬的，但它也有一定的弹性，使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。32. That xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.科学家曾相信：氙气是不能形成化合物的。33. Researches into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失，避免人员伤亡。34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.未来主义，二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统，试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。考研模拟题（1）短文大意：三个主要因素的相互作用引发了美国19世纪后期高等教育领域的巨变，即：其一，教育界出现了六位领袖为改革提供了人的动力；其二，几乎所有老牌学院的校友及盟友都大声疾呼，要求更新、更实用、更先进的教学；其三，耶鲁和哈佛大学纷纷出现改革的运动，使得美国的高等教育从东到西都被推上更高的水平。首句译文：“从19世纪60年代中期到19世纪80年代中期，有三个主要原因的相互作用引发了美国高等教育领域的一场激变，这场激变改变了美国的高等教育并使之变得现代化。”1. 六位领袖的为改革提供了人的动力，根据personal force可判定选emergence，意为“出现”，其他不合文意。A uproar“骚动、喧嚷”，跟领袖无关；B threshold“门槛、开端”，跟leader无关，如：on the threshold of an era of prosperity“处于繁荣时代的开端”；C emergency“紧急事件、紧急状况”。2. 这句与上句有并列关系，都是关于引发教育界激变的原因。Moreover“此外、并且”，其他不合逻辑。A However“然而”，表转折；C Thereafter“此后、以后”，表时间；D Indeed“的确、确实”，用于强调附加的内容。译文：“此外，几乎所有老牌学院的校友及盟友都大声疾呼，要求更新、更实用、更先进的教学，这发展成为一场运动，压倒一切保守抵抗。”3. 根据句子的语法要求，只能选择一个不及物动词，即arose“出现、发生”，如：Incompatibility may arise.“不相容的情况可能发生”，其他均为及物动词。A aroused“引起、激起”，强调唤醒或打开人的眼界去注意某种观点，如：The program is certain to arouse opposition.“那个纲领一定会引起反对”；C roused“激起、唤起、使觉醒”，强调号召或采取行动，如：rouse sb. into action“激励某人行动起来”；D incurred“招致、引起、遭受”，如：incur a protest“惹起抗议”。译文见2题。4.反对意见应该与改革背道而驰，首先排除常用于修饰改革的C radical“激进的”；B和D也不合文意；D profound“深厚的、深奥的”；B conventional“惯例的、常规的”，所以选conservative“保守的”。译文见2题。5.耶鲁大学的运动要求更的精神，只有liberal能修饰精神，liberal“自由主义的”，如：a liberal style of painting“不拘一格的绘画风格”，其他不合文意。A flexible“灵活的、易弯曲的”；C literate“有读写能力的、受过教育的”；D literary“文学上、精通文学的”。6.耶鲁大学出现了运动，同时哈佛学院的学生也团结起来，rallied“团结、集合”，通常指为支持某观点或政党而集会，如：University students rallied in protest.“大学生举行抗议集会”，其他不合文意或语法要求。B assembled“集合”，主要指（使）人们集合到一起；C gathered“集合”，与assemble同义，但不那么正式；D summoned“召唤、召集、传讯”，及物动词，有正式命令的含义，如：summon a parliament meeting“召开国会会议”。译文：“同时，哈佛学院的毕业生也举行集会以缓解学院的贫困状况并唤起新的进取精神。”7. enterprise作不可数名词的词意为“进取心、事业心”，在句中符合语法和文意。A resource作不可数名词的词意为“急智、谋略”；B orientation“适应”；C reserve“储备品、储量”。译文见6题。8.教育与教会统治的关系疏远了（off the church leadership），所以选growing，表示一个变化过程。其他不合文意。A putting off“拖延”；B taking off“拿走、起飞”；D letting off“开枪、宽恕”。译文：“在美国东部各地，教育日益脱离教会的统治；在西部，学习的范围更加宽泛，教育又找到了新的公共义务感。由此，教育被推上更高的水准。”9. 能够与duty搭配的选项只有sense，意为“观念、意识”，如：a keen sense of honor/inferiority“强烈的荣誉感/自卑感”，其他不合搭配。A point“意义”；B meaning“意思”；C commitment“委托、承担义务”。译文见8题。10.上段讲美国的教育改革，这段讲哈佛的具体做法。陈旧的传统教育在哈佛受到毁灭性的。首先排除B crack“裂缝、爆裂声”；C strike“打、击、敲”和D stroke“打击、敲”也不合文意。所以选blow“打击”，receive a crushing blow“受到毁灭性的打击”。译文：“陈旧的传统教育方式在哈佛学院这个安全之地也受到最毁灭性的打击，前哈佛财务主管的儿子、35岁的Charles Eliot博士是哈佛的年轻领导，是他领导了革新力量。”11. 这是一个非限制性定语从句，由于从句中的主要成分俱全，因此排除连接代词C which和D that；A when指时间，也不能修饰中心词Harvard College，所以选连接副词where，指at Harvard College，其他不合语法。译文见10题。12. 文章主题为教育改革，可以描述改革力量的选项为progressive，意为“革新的；进步的”，其他不合文意。A drastic“激烈的、严厉的”；B massive“大而重的、大规模的”；C extreme“尽头的、极端的”。译文见10题。13.Eliot博士在执政的第一年里就进行了五项改革。他在哈佛的任职可以表达为administration，意为“行政、管理”，指实施行政作用，其他不合文意。B manipulation“处理、操作”；C regulation“规则、管理”，主要指用章程、秩序或模式来命令或控制；D institution“公共机构、制度”，与Eliot无关。14.能够与enlargement“扩大”构成动宾搭配的选项为curriculum，意为“课程设置”，enlargement of curriculum“扩大课程设置”，其他不合搭配。A subject“科目”；B course“具体的课程”；D syllabus“大纲”。15.根据前文的a broader course of study和enlargement of curriculum等可判断学校要发展选修制度，所以选elective“选修的”