2022-2023学年北京八中高三英语第一学期期末质量检测试题含解析.doc

2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角条形码粘贴处。2作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试题卷上。3非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1Varieties of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose_ to start with.AitBthatCeachDone2Eventually, she has recognized _, whatever happens and however bad _ seems today, life still goes on and everything will be better tomorrowAthat; itBit; thatCit; whatDthat; what3The collection, sorting and of historical materials and cultural relics of the May Fourth Movement should be strengthened, President Xi said.AconsiderationBconservationCconstitutionDconstruction4_ your generous help, I do believe I have a better understanding of your country and culture.ABut forBOut ofCThanks toDAs to5The Oxford English Dictionary is necessary for learning English, so youd better buy _.AthisBthatCitDone6-Could I ask you a private question? -Sure, Apardon me B go ahead Cgood idea D forget it7When the organization _ in March, 2019, there was almost no money in the bank and more than $1 million of debt.AfoldedBboomedCregisteredDsprang8Dont leave the water _while you brush your teeth.Aracing BrushingCrunning Drolling9Last summer we saw a very good film, _ was about the Anti-Japanese war.A which B when C that D where10Smoking should be banned in public. _It is harmful to both the smokers and non-smokers.AId love to BIts my pleasureCIm with you on that DIts up to you11_ this may sound like a simple process, great care is neededASinceBOnceCAlthoughDUnless12I am sorry I am very busy now. If I time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.AhaveBhadChave hadDhad had13On the bus I saw a student I believed was your brother.AwhoBwhomCwhichDwhoever14He switched off the light and was about to leave the classroom and only then_ to rain heavily.Ait began Bit beginsCdoes it begin Ddid it begin15The Games are known as the friendly games because of their _ on kindness and mutual respect.AlacksBfocusesCchallengesDresearches16We completed one third of the project, and the loan _ in place, we had to delay the rest till the next month.Anot arrangedBwas not arrangedCnot arrangingDhad not been arranged17Every four years Americans _ the transfer of power.Acarry over Bcarry offCcarry on Dcarry out18Hot the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.Aalthough Bwhile Cas Dhowever19_ themselves in the community services, students can gain experience for growth.AInvolvedBTo involveCHaving been involvedDInvolving20Everyone had a form in his hand, but no one knew which office_Ato send it toBto sent itCto be sent toDto have it sent第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）Ninety percent of Americans drive to work every day although working from home is on the rise. If youre lacking for topics of conversation at a party, chatting about your commute is a pretty safe bet.According to a recent study, driving for more than two hours each day can steadily decrease the IQ of middle aged drivers. The Sunday Times of London detailed the study, which looked into the lifestyle choices of over 500,000 Britons between the ages of 37 and 73.When looking at the data of the 93,000 participants who drove more than two to three hours per day, the study found a noticeable dropoff in brainpower, measured by intelligence and memory tests. The study found similar results with participants who took part in several hours similarly sedentary (久坐的) activity, like television watching.As it turns out, stimulating activity stimulates your brain, while non-stimulating activity, well, doesnt stimulate your brain.“Cognitive (认知的) decline is measurable over five years because it can happen fast in middle-aged and older people. This is associated with lifestyle factors such as smoking and bad diet and now with time spent driving,” Kishran Bakrania, a medical epidemiologist at the University of Leicester told the Times.Fortunately for most Americans, the average commute time was recorded at approximately 26.5 minutes according to the 2015 United States Census.And if you think that the way to pump up your IQ is through brain games, think again. Just try and avoid those long hours on the road if possible, and if you happen to have free time on your commute, be sure to use it wisely.1、According to the passage, which of the following may be of help to our brainpower?AWatching TV. BHaving sports.CDriving long time. DSleeping.2、Why does the writer mention “results with people participating in similarly sedentary activities” in para 3?ATo make a contrast. BTo give an example.CTo make a description. DTo give more evidence.3、We can infer from the passage that _.Along time drive may decrease the drivers IQBsmoking and bad diet can cause cognitive declineCpeople should participate in more stimulating activitiesDan increasing number of Americans drive to work every day22（8分）Rich as a KingWilliam 1, who conquered England some 930 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet (抽水马桶), paper towels, or riding lawn mower (除草机). How did he get by?History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldnt buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, youd think Id be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living person: neighbors, school classmates, famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howards new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors,There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. Youd think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no we want a hot bath too.Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by todays standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife and I can keep clean.Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers fancy counter tops and my awn worn Formica will seem equally shabby, I cant keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.1、What docs the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean?ASucceed as a king.BDeal with complains.CGet some extra money.DLive in a satisfactory way.2、How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?A3.B4.C5.D6.3、According to the passage, the author intends to .Atell us to be content with lifeBwarn us to live in a simple wayCleach us to learn lessons from lifeDencourage us lo struggle for wealth4、Whats the authors attitude towards life?ADoubtful.BOptimistic.CUncaring.DCautions.23（8分）Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making it possible for companies to monitor workers behavior in great detail and in real time. Start to slack off (懈怠), and AI could talk to your boss.One company offering such services is London-based start-up Status Today. Its AI platform relies on a regular supply of employee data, including everything from the files you access to when you use a key card. From this, it builds a picture of how employees normally function and signals any unusual performance. The idea is to spot when someone might become a security risk by doing something different from their usual behavioral patterns. “All of this gives us fingerprint of a user, so if we think the fingerprint doesnt match, we raise a warning”, says Mircea Dumitrescu, the companys chief technology officer.The system also aims to catch employee actions that could accidentally cause a security breach (漏洞), like opening malware (恶意软件).“Were not monitoring if your computer has a virus.” says Dumitrescu. “Were monitoring human behaviors.”But catching the security breach means monitoring everyone, and the AI can also be used to track employee productivity. “It seems like they are just using the reputation of AI to give an air of lawfulness to old-fashioned workplace surveillance (监视),” says Javier Ruiz Diaz of digital campaigning organization the Open Rights Group. “You have a right to privacy and you shouldnt be expected to give that up at work.”Exactly how companies use the system will be up to them, but its hard to shake the picture of an AI constantly looking over employees shoulders. “It will bother people, and that could be counterproductive if it affects their behavior,” says Paul Bemal at the University of East Anglia.Phil Legg at the University of the West of England says it will never catch every security risk. “If people know theyre being monitored, they can change their behavior,” he says.1、According to the text, AI monitors employees by _.Ataking pictures of them Bgetting access to their dataCsignaling their usual performance Dcatching their actions2、Whats Javier Ruiz Diazs attitude towards the system?ADoubtful. BSupportive.CUncaring. DNegative.3、What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 4 refer to?ASecurity breach. BEmployees productivity.CThe right to privacy. DWorkplace surveillance.4、Phil Leggs concern about the system suggests that _.Ait is too risky to be used at workBit will affect employees emotionsCit may not be so effective as expectedDit will encourage employee, productivity24（8分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。W is the UKs biggest and best online guide to the performing arts including theatre, opera, classical music, dance and so on. The Lion KingMusical: The stage adaptation of the Disney film taken from an original African story. A young lion grows up and learns that taking over the pride requires wisdom and maturity(成熟).Place: Lyceum Theatre, Wellington Street, LondonTelephone: 0870 243 100Date: Friday, 18 Nov. 2015Ticket price: 37.5 OliverMusical: Dickens story of a boy in a London workhouse and his adventures on the way to his family. The songs include “Food glorious food”, “Youve got to pick a pocket or two”, “Who will buy this wonderful morning”, “I am reviewing the situation” and “Consider yourself at home.”Place: Theatre Royal, Catherine Street, LondonTelephone: 020 7494 5061Date: Thursday, 17 Nov. 2015Ticket price: 25, but now save 20% Jersey BoysMusical: It tells the story of Frankie Valli and the Four seasons: the blue-collar kids from New Jersey formed a singing group and became famous. The musical features many of the groups popular songs such as “Big girls dont cry”, “Oh, what a night” and “Cant take my eyes off you”.Place: Prince Edward Theatre, Old Compton Street, LondonTelephone: 0870 850 22Date: Saturday, 19 Nov. 2015Ticket price: 22.5 Alls Well That Ends WellPlay: A romantic story. Helena, daughter of a poor physician, loves Bertram, son of a Countess(女伯爵).Place: Shakespeares Globe Theatre, Park Street, LondonTelephone: 020 7401 39Date: Sunday, 20 Nov, 2015Ticket price: 40.51、If Mary is available on Friday, which of the following should she call to buy a ticket?A0870 850 22B020 7494 5061C0870 243 100D020 7401 392、If you want to buy a ticket at a discount, you should go to _.AShakespeares Globe TheatreBLyceum TheatreCPrince Edward TheatreDTheatre Royal3、What is the main purpose of the text?ATo show the importance of WBTo give some information about the performing arts.CTo introduce some famous English theatres.DTo teach readers how to use the online guide.25（10分）How Did the Ancient Chinese Keep Food Warm in Winter?Facilities like electric rice cookers, microwaves, and electric kettles, make it easy for people to keep food warm and enjoy a comfortable winter. So how did Chinese people in ancient times keep food warm in winter without these? In fact, ancient Chinese people used their own methods of heat preservation as early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. “Wen Ding”, ancient rice cookerOne of the major functions of an electric rice cooker is to keep food warm. The “Wen Ding”, an ancient cooking container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container preserved heat by burning fuels like charcoal.The “Wen Ding” unearthed in Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age. The craftsmanship of making the “Wen Ding” was developed in the Bronze Age. The bronze Ding from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties took on different shapes and structures. “Ran Lu”, ancient small hot potThe “Ran Lu” is a small size cooking vessel (器皿) made of bronze, which can be divided into three parts. A charcoal stove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessels structure suggests it may have been used as a small hot pot and that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period (475221 BC). Bronze You, ancient kettleThe Bronze You was one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The Bronze You can also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi Province, has an opening where charcoal could be placed. Just as people today cant do without an electric kettle, the Bronze You allowed people to enjoy a hot drink. Bronze Yan, ancient steamerAlthough the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm, the ancient Chinese people later found that its burning process produced pollution. As a result, the Bronze Yan made with a two-tier structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty (25AD-220AD), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modern-day steamer.1、When did the “Ran Lu” become popular?AIn the Zhou Dynasty. BIn the Eastern Han Dynasty.CIn the Warring