英语句型之倒装句用法讲解.doc

倒装1、概述英语最基本的词序“主语+谓语动词（+ 宾语）”通常十分固定，但在一些句子中，由于语法、修辞、强调或句子结构上的需要，主语、谓语和宾语不是处于正常语序，而是把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做倒装(inversion)。2、倒装的类型倒装可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。（1）全部倒装(complete inversion)全部倒装就是整个谓语部分放在主语之前。In front of the house stands a tree. 房前有一棵树。Here comes the bus.车来了。（2）部分倒装(partial inversion)部分倒装就是把谓语的一部分（通常是助动词、情态动词）放在主语之前。Never shall I forget the day.我永远忘不了这一天。Only in this way can we finish the work.只有这样，我们才能完成工作。3、语法倒装（1）在疑问句中Is breakfast ready yet? 早饭准备好了吗？Have you finished your homework? 你做完作业了吗？What are you doing ? 你在干什么？（2）在“there+ be”结构中There are some books on the desk.桌子上有些课本。There will be a football match this afternoon.下午将有一场足球赛。（3）以表示“运动方向”的副词开头的倒装句为了使叙述或描绘更加生动，常将表示运动方向的副词 (如here，there，out，in，up，off，down，away，back等)放在句首，谓语动词为go，come，run，rush等表示位置转移的动词，主语为名词。用一般现在时或一般过去时。Be quick! Here comes the bus. 快点汽车来了。There goes the bell.铃响了。Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。Away went the boy. 男孩走了。Now comes your turn. 现在该你了。注意：如主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。Here it is.它在这儿。Away he went.他走了。（4）省略了if的虚拟条件从句虚拟结构中的条件从句省if去时，这时were、had及should须移到主语前面，从而形成倒装。Were I in your position, I would go.要是我处在你的地位，我就去。Had it not been for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.如果不是票免费，我不会那么经常去看电影。Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.如果明天下雨的话，我得推迟去看扬浦大桥。（5）“so+be（have、助动词或情态动词）+主语” 句型把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）。She can swim. So can I.她会游泳，我也会。-I like swimming in winter.我喜欢冬泳。- So do I .我也是。In an earthquake, the earth shakes. And so do you. 地震时，地球震动，你也会震动。Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了，人也跟着变了。比较：“so+主语+助动词”结构的用法如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，表示同意对方的看法，意为“是的，确实”时，句子不用倒装语序。 -It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.你太粗心了，把衣服整夜放在外边。-My God! So I did.天哪！还真是这样。-John won the first prize in the contest.约翰在音乐会上会的了一等奖。- So he did.确实如此。-David has made great progress recently.大卫最近进步很大。-So he has, and so have you.他确实进步很大，你也是。（6）“neither(nor)+be（have、助动词或情态动词）+主语” 句型把neither、nor、no more放在句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人（或物），需用倒装语序-Do you enjoy that trip?你旅途玩得高兴么？-Im afraid not. And neither did my classmates. 恐怕我不高兴，我同学也是。After that we never saw her again, nor did we hear from her.从那以后我再也没有看到她，也没收到他的来信。-Do you know Jim quarreled with his brothers?你知道基姆和他哥哥吵架的事吗？-I dont know, nor do I care. 我不知道，也不关心。The first one wasnt good and neither was the second.第一个不好，第二个也不好。I have never been abroad. Neither has he.我从未出过国，他也没出过国。（7）感叹句的倒装How happy the children are!孩子们多幸福啊！（表语前置）What a lovely birthday present the old lady has received!这位老太太收到一份多好的生日礼物啊！（宾语前置）（8）以表示“地点”的介词短语开头的倒装句当句首为表示地点的介词短语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，或为了使上下文衔接紧密时，常使用倒装结构。On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两幅巨大的画像。Along the dusty road came a group of tourists.沿着尘土飞扬的路来了一伙游人。Outside the entrance stood two police officers with guns. 入口处外面站着两个带枪的警官。Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer. 大树底下坐着一个老农夫。（9）many a time和next等时间、次数或顺序的副词位于句首时要到装Often did she come to my home in the past.她过去常到我家来。Long did we wait before hearing from her.我们等了很久才收到她的来信。Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone.我许多次看见她独自散步。（10）well, so, gladly等表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时常到装Well do I remember the day I saw her first.我第一次见到她的那一天，我记忆犹新。Gladly would I accept your proposal.我很高兴接受你的建议。（11）直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时也用倒装“I dont think so”, said Tom. 汤姆说：“我不这样认为。”“What has happened here?”，asked a policeman. 一名警察问：“这儿发生了什么事？”（12）however引导的让步状语从句however为连接副词，引导让步状语从句，其意义和作用相当于no matter how。however后面接形容词或副词，其基本结构为“however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”。However cold it is, she always goes swimming.无论天气多么冷，她总是去游泳。Well have to finish the job, however long it takes.无论用多长时间，我们都得完成这个工作。4、修辞倒装（1）“only+ 状语”放句首倒装句副词only所强调的方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等位于句首时，引起部分倒装。Only after liberation did they begin to be treated as human beings.只有在解放后他们才开始被当人看待。Only by taking a taxi can you arrive on time. 只有打的你才能按时到达。Only then did we realize that the man was blind.只在那时我们才意识到那人是个瞎子。Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有这样你才能在英语方面取得进步。Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.只有在1949年当战争结束时他才能回家。注意：only修饰主语时不用倒装的情况。如果only修饰的词不是作状语，而是作主语时，句子就不用倒装。Only his mother was invited.只有他的妈妈被邀请了。0nly some of the children passed the examination.只有几个孩子通过了考试。（2）连词as/though引导的让步状语从句的倒装句这种状语从句的结构为“形容词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语”。在句首的如果是名词，不要带冠词;但如果名词前有形容词修饰，则常常带冠词。Clever as he is, he doesnt study well.他虽然聪明，但学习并不好。Old as he is, he is full of energy.他虽然年老，但精力充沛。Child as he was, he was very brave.尽管他是个孩子，但他非常勇敢。Poor though I am, I can afford beer.我虽穷，但还喝得起啤酒。Try as you may, you cant persuade him.尽管你很努力，你不可能说服他。（3）以否定词开头的倒装句为了强调句子中的否定状语，常将其置于句首，这时一般引起部分倒装。常见的含有否定意义的副词、连词或词组有：hardly, scarcely , barely, seldom, never, not, little, not only, not until, on no account(决不), in no way, nowhere, at no time, in no case, not on ones life, no sooner, by no means, under / in no circumstances等。Never have I seen him before.以前我从未见过他。Not a single mistake did he make.他一个错误也未出。Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend.他不仅是我们的老师，而且是我们的朋友。By no means do I agree with you.我一点也不同意你。Little does he care about what others think. 他一点儿也不在乎别人怎么想。Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place. 世界上没有别的地方能像这样美，这样幽静。注意：否定词只否定主语或副词时就不用倒装Not a soul was anywhere visible. 到处见不到一个人。Hardly anybody believes that. 几乎没有人相信那件事。（4）so/suchthat引导的结果状语从句的倒装句so/such位于句首修饰形容词或副词或名词表示强调时，主句要用倒装语序，后面通常接that引导的结果状语从句。So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.那个湖水太浅了，里边没有鱼。Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的力量太大了，把所有的窗户都震破了。So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs.他说话的声音那么大，楼上都听得见。（5）表语和状语放在句首，引起主语和谓语倒装句为了保持句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接时，常将表语和状语放在句首，引起主语和谓语倒装。On the ground lay an old sick goat, which had gone into the cave to die.地上躺着一只有病的老山羊，它是到洞里来等死的。Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.我们用“洋油”的时代一去不复返了。（6）in ,out等副词放句首倒装句为了生动地描写动作，in, out, away, up, down, off等副词可以放在句首倒装。Away flew the bird！鸟扑地一声飞跑了！Down went the small boat!小船沉没了！（7）在某些习惯用语中的倒装How goes it with you ? 你好吗？How came it that she knew the secret?他怎么会知道那个秘密的？What mattered it? 这有什么关系呢？What care I?管我什么事？What signifies it?这是什么意思？May you succeed! 祝你成功！（8）not it结构在否定回答中，not有时放在主语前面。“Will it rain?”Not it.”“会下雨吗？”“不会。”“Are you ready?” “Not I.”“你准备好了吗？”“我没有。”“I think you can come tomorrow.” “我想你明天能来。“Not we.” “我们来不了”巧学倒装句: 一、辨清结构 A位置副词there句，全为句子保平衡， neither,nor,so也如此， 上述全部倒着行。B. 部分倒装要记清。位置副词主人称，only否定词放句首，让步、虚拟有感情。二、记牢引词 9N 2S 和only,还有little,hardly。9N:no,not,never,neither,nor,not until,not only but also,no soonerthan,no matter。2S:so,seldom。三、注意位置 only,NU主倒装，NB前句也一样，NM前后不用管，NN前后全倒装。only+状语从句和Not until+状语从句位于句首时，只有主句倒装，从句不倒装。Not onlybut also引导的并列句。当Not only位于句首时，前一个分句倒装。No matter+状语从句，主句和从句的主语谓语均不倒装。