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沈阳黑马金考2014高考英语阅读理解猜词.doc

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1、2014高考英语阅读上下文和构词法猜词在平时的阅读和英语考试中,我们都会遇到生词,这很正常,也不可避免。根据文章提供的上下文和掌握构词法猜测词义,是我们学习和掌握英语必须具备的能力。对高考而言,这种能力尤为重要。从四年高考英语天津卷 来看,阅读理解试题中总有一些题要考查同学们根据上下文和构词法知识猜出生词词义或熟词新义的能力。而从考试结果来看,猜词题一直都是难度大,区分度高的试题。在这个项目上得分,可以使自己的高考英语成绩占有优势。2004年至2007年的试题中,在不同的语篇里,分别要猜collision,juvenile obesity,inheritable trait和compassio

2、n等四个词(词组),虽然这几个猜词题都有很好的上下文,也有比较明显的“词干”提示,但考试的结果,其难度系数(正确选择率)却分别是:0.23,0.64,0.24和0.13,猜词成了大部分同学的“滑铁卢”。 一、高考猜哪类词 从近几年高考试题来看,猜词题既猜生词生义,也猜熟词生义;猜词里既有单词,又有短语;词类分布上,以实词(名词,动词,形容词,副词和代词等)为主。 1.生词生义 例一:Food Network producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieber

3、mans charisma is key. “Food TV isnt about food anymore,” says Flay. “Its about your personality(个性)and finding a way to keep peoples eyeballs on your show.” What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to? A. A natural ability to attract others. B. A way to show ones achievement. C. Li

4、ebermans after-class interest. D. Liebermans fine cooking skill. 答案A。charisma为非考纲词汇表上单词,其词义与下文的“Its about your personality(个性)and finding a way to keep peoples eyeballs on your show.”有关。 例二:Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler bec

5、ame hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education. The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in the paragraph probably mean _. A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching

6、答案A。become/get hooked on sth为非考纲词汇表上词组,其词义可以通过下文的 and changed his major from medicine to education.来获得。 2猜熟词生义 例一 Dear all, Please read Professor Humes email about his next lecture on Rosa Parks. Susan Miller Secretary Dear Susan, Please forward this message to students of my history class. What doe

7、s the underlined word “forward” mean? A. Explain. B. Send. C. Take. D. Read. 答案B。forward做副词,表示“向前方”、“前进”,这是同学们非常熟悉的。但在这里forward显然是用做动词,这是从构词法“转化词”的角度考查同学们词的知识扩展能力。forward在这里指信件的“转递”。 例二One of the best-known sayings must be “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” The pr

8、omises of health, wealth, and wisdom to those who join the teams of the early retirers and risers must be particularly pleasing to many people in our modern society. There is no doubt that one of the greatest concerns of modern man is his health. The underlined word “retirers” in the paragraph here

9、refers to _. Apeople who give up their work Bpeople who have a lot of free time Cpeople who go to bed Dpeople who live in quiet places 答案C。我们所熟知的retire一词当“退休”讲,因此retirer似乎应当是A选项“people who give up their work”;但在本文的语境中riser对应early to rise,因此retirer要对应early to bed,取选项C的意义,这是熟词的生义。2013高考英语题型分值分布及考核重点!高

10、考英语题型分为高考英语听力、语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错和高考英语作文。为了更好的复习,下面为您解读高考英语各题型的考核重点变化。2014高考英语题型分值分布表全国卷一 分值X个数 总分 听力 1.5*20 30 单项填空 1*15 15 完形填空 1.5*20 30 阅读理解 2*20 40 短文改错 1*10 10 书面表达 25 25 满分 150 北京卷 分值*个数 总分 听力 1.5*20 30 单项填空 1*15 15 完形填空 1.5*20 30 阅读理解 2*20 40 书面表达 20+15 35 满分 150 2014高考英语单词联想记忆一adventure ;n.

11、& vt.冒险;词中词 :venture 冒险;投机 risk; danger; adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的;充满危险的airplane;n. 飞机;联想: aircraft 飞行器;飞机; disappoint ;v. 失望;泄气;词中词appoint 指定;委派argue ;vi. 争论;争吵; 近义debate discuss;brave;adj.勇敢的; 近义bold ;fearlesscare about担心;关心care for 喜欢;castvt.& vi.投掷;投射;抛 (cast,cast) 联想;broadcast 广播compass;n.罗盘;指南针;词中

12、词 pass 通过;经过deserted adj.荒芜的;荒废的;为人所弃的; 联想:desert 沙漠; dessert甜点;drop sb a line给某人写信(通常指写短信)e-pal;;n.网友;联想:pale苍白的; e-friend;error ;n.错误;差错;false adj. 错误的;fault n.错误false; incorrect不正确的feeling ;n. 触觉;知觉;感觉;情绪; 近义emotion ;feel;touch;Fond; adj.喜爱的;喜欢的; ( be) fond of喜欢;爱好Fry;;vt. & vi.油煎;油炸 frying-pan;

13、pot; tryGun;;n.炮;枪;联想: run; fun;Hammer;n.锤子;槌;词中词ham 火腿;联想: gram; grammarHandsome;;adj.英俊的;美观的; 近义beautiful; pretty; smarthonest;adj.诚实的;正直的; 近义loyal; 反义dishonest;huntvt.& vi.& n.打猎;猎取;搜寻hunt for搜寻;追寻;寻找look/ search forin order to为了; 比较: so as to ,lie;n./v. 谎话;谎言;形近lie; pie; (lied;lied ); lay;lain躺;

14、loyal ;adj.忠诚的;忠心的; 联想loyalty; ;n.忠诚 ;loyalist;忠臣;match; ;n.火柴;比赛 ; 形近march 前进mirror;n.镜子; 形近 :error 错误; terror; 恐怖;movie;n.电影;film; move; 助记:我I在里边演动感move电影 movie;parachute; n.降落伞; ArA对称; 联想paragraph; separate; characterrope; n.绳;索 ; 形近; hope; telescope 望远镜; saw;;n.锯; seescared;;n.恐惧的;联想:scar; scarf

15、 围巾;share;;n./v. 分享;共有;分配;共享;份额; 词中词 hare 野兔smart;;adj.聪明的;漂亮的;敏捷的; 词中词art; mart=market 市场solution;;n.解答;解决办法;解决方案 solve; ;v. resolution n.决心;sorrow;n.悲哀;悲痛; 联想:row (划船)n.行;排 sad ;arrow 箭speech;vt.& vi.演说;讲话;语音联想:speak; pronunciation ;lecturesuch as例如;like; for example;survive;vi.&vt幸免于;幸存从中生还;surpr

16、ise;surface ;vive-万岁(法语) wise; adj.英明的;明智的;聪明的;classical;古典的;联想:class;formal;informal;二a great many 许许多多;极多(修饰可数名词);复习:a number of;many a;penty of;bathroom ;n./v. 浴室;盥洗室;厕所 bathe;洗澡;bring in; 引进;引来; bring together带来;聚集;broad;adj.宽的;助记:“宽的路”;词中词roadcloset; ;n.壁橱;储藏室; 词中词;close; set;come about;发生; 近义h

17、appen; occur; take place;commander;n.司令官;指挥官词中词command 指挥;控制; man Communicate;vi.交际;沟通;传达联想:communication;n.交流;通讯;通信comparevt.比较 ;联想:contrast 对比 ;词中词pare 削皮;剥去;prepare;cookbook;n.食谱;联想:notebook; exercise book; guidebook;指南;end up with 以告终 ;复习begin/start with 以开始equal adj.相等的;胜任的; vt.等于;比得上; 联想:equal

18、ity平等 ;equation 方程式;等式unequal不等的;be equal to ;except for;除了之外; 联想: besides;加上; in addition to ; apart from;exchange ;vt.& n.交换;交流;兑换; 词中词change 变成;复习:communicatecommunication;expression; n.短语;表情; 联想: impression;fall;n秋天;瀑布;联想: rainfall ;autumn ;call ;hall ;tallglobal ;adj.全球的;球形的; 联想: globe; n. 球; 地

19、球仪government;n.政府;内阁; 联想:govern统治; 管理; rule ;howl;vi.& n.谐音:嚎叫;怒吼;嚎哭independent;adj.独立自主的; 联想:depend;international;adj.国际的;世界的;联想:nation; nationallandlady;n.女房东;老板娘 land+ lady;majority;n.多数;大半; 词中词major 主要的make oneself at home 别客气movement;n.运动;动作;运转;move;native;adj./n本国的;本地的 civil 国内的;local;当地的;本地人;

20、本国人organization;n.组织;机构;团体; 词中词:organize; opposite在对面president;n.总统;校长;行长;会长; 词中词resident 居民;居住者;reside居住 residence住宅pronounce;;vt.发音;宣告;断言;复习noun 名词; pronunciation; pronoun;publish;v.发表;出版;公布;词中词 pub酒吧(店);联想: print ;come out;repeat; n.vi重做;重复;复述重复;反复replace;vt.取代;替换;代替; 联想:change; take the place of

21、;service;n.服务;服务性工作;联想:serve; conservation 保护;维护signal;n.信号 ;联想:;design ;assign;appoint ;sign 标志;迹象;签名situation;n.情形;境遇;(建筑物等的)位置;联想:situate v.位于;处于;坐落southern;n.南方的;南部的 northern;south;Spanish;adj. n西班牙语;西班牙人;西班牙(人、语)的stand;n.台;看台;摊,摊位;站;容忍; standard; understand ;stage statement;n.陈述;声明;综述; 联想:state

22、stay up;不睡;熬夜;sit up;stay away fromtidy;;vt.整理;收拾 tide 潮汐 clean tongue;n.舌头;语言;口语 ;language mother tongue; n.母语 tongue twistertotal;;adj. ./v.总数;合计; 总共;altogether adv.总计;总数in total; ; 联想:altogether; add up to;in all; all in all;on the whole;totally;adv.完全地;整个地tourism;;n.旅游;观光; 联想:tour;towel;;n.毛巾; s

23、carf 围巾;纸巾 hankerchief; 手帕trade; adj.贸易;商业; business WTO. merchant; typhoon;;n.台风; 谐音: 联想:type 类型;种类;打字adventurous;;adj.喜欢冒险的;充满危险的; 联想:adventure ;三as well as 也;还;而且;以及backpack; ;n.背包; 词中词:pack 包;back;联想backward落后的;向后forward 向前;basic;adj./n基本的;基本;要素 base 基础的 basis 基础basinboard;vt.上(船、飞机等) on broad;b

24、road 宽的;aboard 在船飞机上cellophane;n.手机; 联想:mobile phone; automobile汽车combine;vt. & vi.(使)联合;(使)结合 ;联想:connect 联合;unit; join;consider;vt.考虑;照顾;认为; 词中词:side;contain;vt.包容;容纳; 复习:include ;tain 锡铂; tin 锡罐;destination;n.目的地 ;同义:purpose 目标;aim; goaleco-travel;n.生态旅游; ecology 生态学; ecologist 生态学家equipment;n. 装

25、备;设备; 联想:equip v. 词中词: quip双关语; decorate装潢;装饰;excitement;n.刺激;兴奋;激动;联想:excite 使激动; thrill;刺激;experience;vt.& n.体验;经历;经验 ; experiment; 试验;experienced adj.get away from 逃离; 同义: escape; flee(fled;fled)handle;vt./n操作;处理;柄;把手; 联想:control; operate ;conduct;词中词:hand;means;n.手段;方法 复习:way; method; approach;n

26、ature;n.自然;自然界;本性;联想: natural; 自然的;strait; feature特征;characteristic normal adj.正常的;正规的;标准的 近义 formal;反义词:abnormal非正式的;正式的;informal非正式的;normal ;n.正规;常态; 联想:regular; irregular; abnormalon the other hand另一方面;比较;on the one hand; unit;单元; 联想:unity统一;团结;unitepaddle;vi.n.vt.划桨;涉水;用桨划词中词:pad 垫子;填料;联想:row 划船

27、particular;adj特别的;特殊的; special;especial; 反义词:common;general; poison;n.毒药;毒害; 联想:poisonous有毒的;有害的;恶毒的protect sb / sth from保护、保卫某人(某事物;)联想: defend; keep; prevent; stop.from阻止;responsiblyadv.负责地;联想: responsible; adj. respond回答;反应see sb off .(到火车站、飞机场等处)为某人送行;联想:bring sb. back;separate;adj.单独的;分开的; 词中词r

28、ate 比率;分开;隔离; Sep. 九月(缩写)similarity;.n类似;类似处 ; 联想:similar;相似的;differencesimple;adj.简单的 ; 反义词:difficult; complexsimply;adv.仅仅;只不过;简单地;完全;简直; 近义merelyspider;n.蜘蛛;词中词: side; spider map蜘蛛图;stream;vt.& vi.溪;川;流;词中词:team;换一字cream 乳酪 scream 尖叫;task;;n.任务;作业; 联想:duty 值日;职责;tip;n.小费; 提示;贴士;建议;倒置pit 坑;沟通; 联想:

29、 dip;transportation;;n.运输;运送; 联想:transport; ;vunpack;;vt.& vi打开(包裹、行李等);卸货; 联想:pack 包裹;load 装载;unload 卸载vacation;n.近义holiday 假日watch out注意;当心; 联想:look outadvance;;vt.& vi./n.前进;提前 distance; 距离;前进;提升; 近义march 前进;进步;progress;注意:指“进步”时advance是可数名词;progress是不可数名词。 四 agent;n.代理(商),经纪人;词中词age 年纪;manager;t

30、ravel agent 旅行社代理人;助记:上年纪的经纪人articlen.文章;论文;冠词; 近义composition 作文;boom;n./v. 隆隆声;联想:bloom开花;room房间; broom扫把;拖把;Buddha; n.佛;佛像;佛陀;;谐音“布带”佛;couch;n.(坐卧两用的)长沙发;联想: ouch 哎哟;sofa; 沙发crack;vi.发破裂声;劈啪地响;谐音boom; 形近:crash;坠毁;碰撞; track轨迹;踪迹;痕迹deadlinen.截止时间;最终期限;联想:headline 头版头条destroy;vt.摧毁;毁坏; 近义:damage ;hur

31、t ;harm; wound;ruin;disaster;n.灾难;灾祸;联想: tragedy 悲剧; misfortune不幸; drag;vt.拖;拖曳 rag 破布;烂衣服;联想:pull 拉;fear;vt.& vi./.害怕;畏惧;恐惧 联想:to be afraid of;terror; fright; horror; shock; 反义fearless ;fight vi.搏斗;斗争;争吵; (fought,fought); 加一字:fright恐惧;近义struggle;finally;adv.最后;终于; 联想: at last; in the end; eventuall

32、yflow;vi.& n. 流动 ;倒置:wolf狼; 联想 low; 助记:水向低处流frightn.惊骇;吃惊 ; 减一字fight;复习:frighten; fight; fear; shock;get on ones feet; 站立起来; struggle to ones feet;go through;通过;经受;仔细检查 联想:look throughhost;vt.n主办或主持某活动;主人; 联想: cost; lost; ghost;hot; 近义 master; owner;king;n.国王;联想: queen; emperor;nationaladj.国家的;民族的;词

33、中词:nation; 联想:internationalnaughtyadj.顽皮的;淘气的 note;n.笔记;注释;纸币; notebook笔记本式电脑on fire失火;着火; catch fireon holiday在度假;on vacation;opportunityn.机会;时机;可能性; 近义 chancepeanut;n.花生; 词中词pea 豆;nut 坚果;pull sb up把往上曳;pull down; pull out;rescue;n.援救;营救; 近义 :save assist; help;roar;;v.轰鸣;咆哮;怒号 ; 联想:howl; board; n.木

34、板;甲板; 联想:board;scare;vi.恐吓;使人恐惧;令人惊吓;受恐吓; 词中词care 关心; 联想:scared;scar;t/vi 助记:死汽车 car让我留下伤疤scar;只好用围巾scarf遮挡; The careful man is scarcely scared by the scarce parcel.细心男子勉强被罕见的包裹吓了一下.seize; ;v.抓住;逮住;夺取; 联想:grasp; catch; size 尺寸shake;;vt. & vi.震动;摇动;摇;颤抖;形近 联想:quake ;cake; brake 刹车;snake;蛇;bake 烘;烤wak

35、e 醒来; sake缘故;目的;baker;面包师;silver;n.银;银子;联想:scene 场面;布景;stair;n.(阶梯的)一级;楼梯;联想: up/down stairs; adv.上/下楼梯strike ;vi./n击打;打动; 罢工(struck, struck/stricken); 近义:hit; knock; beatstruggle;;v./n努力;挣扎;奋斗;联想: contest; fight ;compete;swallow;;n. /v.n燕子;咽;淹没;吞没;词中词 :wallow 沉迷;溺于;wall 墙;allow; take place发生; 联想:ha

36、ppen occurtemple;;n.庙;寺;神殿; 词中词 :temp 临时的; 形近temper 气质;脾气;bad-tempered;脾气坏的;toothbrush;;n.牙刷; 联想:brush 刷touch;;v. & n.触摸;(使)接触;感动; 联系;联想:touch ;contact ;connect;换一字: torch火炬;tower;;n.塔;城堡 ;联想: napkin; towel毛巾unforgettable;;adj.难忘的; 联想:forgetupon;prep.在之上;联想:above; over;academy; n. 学院;AcA 对称 ;助记;我my的

37、de AcA学院;accept;vt.接受;认可; 形近access 接近 ; 近义receive 五action;n. 动作;情节;作用;举动actor;n. 男演员;行动者;参以者actress;n. 女演员; 形近address 地址; hostess 女主人adult; ;n. 成人;成年人; 联想: teenager 青少年 award;;n.奖;奖品; 联想:toward;reward;boss; n.老板;上司; 助记:读了博士(boss)当老板; 联想:cross; loss损失; bring sb back送回某人; 联想:see off;career; n.事业;生涯; 助

38、记: 有车car的事业; 形近engineer; pioneer;choice;n.选择;抉择;精选品; 联想;choose ;v.classical;adj.古典文学的;古典的词中词;classComment;n. & vi. 评论;注释;意见; 联想:opinion; advice; remark;creature;n.生物;动物; 近义:animal;cruelty;n.残忍;残酷; 联想:cruel; kind;degree;n.学位;度数;度;程度; 联想: agree 同意;grade;academy;n. 学院;determine vi.&adj.决定;决心 determined

39、; decide; make up ones mind;director;n.导演;主任;理事;董事 direct 指导;导演;直接的;方向;联想:direction 方向drama;n.戏剧;戏剧艺术;AmA对称;联想:theatre 剧院; comedyfollow-up adj.后续的; 联想:grown-up; 成年人; adult ;go wrong走错路,误入歧途;不对头;出毛病;go作系动词加形容词作表语; 联想: go mad 发疯;go bad 变坏;happiness; n.幸福;快乐;联想:happy; pleasure; fun; entertain;hero;;n.英

40、雄;男主角;男主人公;助记:英雄男人O背后是她her;icy;adj.寒冷的;冰冷的; 联想:icein all总共;总之; 联想: at all; after all; above all;industry;n.工业;行业;产业; 词中词dust灰尘;助记:工业里边有灰尘dust ;反义 :agriculture农业;law;n.法律;法学;规律; 联想lawyer律师; legal合法的leader;n.领导者; 联想:lead;live;adv.现场地;直播地; 联想:native 本族的;本地的;lively 活泼的live;adj.直播的;活的;生动的; 联想:lively;aliv

41、e;lock sb. up将某人锁于某处不得进出;将某人监禁起来反义 :set free;释放;on the air;正在播出的; 联想: on the radio;broadcast;outer ;adj.外部的;外面的; 联想:inner 内部的owe;vt. & vi.欠(债等);感激;把归功于;联想:own 拥有;所有;自己的owe sth to sb.把归功于某人;owing to = thanks to 因为; 由于peace;n.和平;和睦;安宁;反义:war 战争; 联想:peace; war; found 大声念以上三个词: 屁是我放的primary;adj初等教育的;最早的

42、;首要的联想:prime 主要的;primary school;n.小学 ; middle school中学prize;;n.奖赏;奖金;奖品; 联想:award; pricerole;n.角色 ;联想:part 角色;部分run after追赶; be after;seek;search;scene;n.场面;情景;布景;EnE对称;联想:view ;sight 场景;script n.剧本;手稿;手迹;联想:description 描述;描绘;形容;describesilver screen银幕;电影(业务)speed ;n.&v速度;加快;(sped, sped, speeded, sp

43、eeded)飞跑;联想:seed 种子; need ;feed ;weedstay away;不在家;外出;联想:at home;stay up; 熬夜;stepfather n.继父; 联想:stepmother继母studion.摄影棚(场);演播室;画室;工作室 study 工作室; radio; 收音机take off成功;成名;脱掉(衣服);(飞机)起飞think highly of 对高度评价advice;n.&v.忠告;建议;联想:advise;vice 副的六apologise;vi.=apologize道歉; 词中词Polo助记:马可波罗 polo 马球;水球;dramati

44、c;adj.戏剧的 ; dramaapology;n.道歉;say sorry to ; 联想:apologize ;v.make an apology to behave;vt.& vi.举动;举止;行为表现;举止适当;守规距;有礼貌; 联想:behaviour; n.;good manners; polite;bone ;n.骨;骨头;onebreast;n.胸部;胸怀;联想chest胸部;east; eat; 助记:胸怀祖国;面向东方;childhood n.孩童时期;童年时代;联想; boyhood 孩童年时代; neighbourhood 街区cloth ;n.布;织物;衣料; 联想:clothes 衣服;clothingcomma;n.逗点;逗号; period句号;dash破折号course;n.一道菜;过程;课程;联想:process; 过程;of course;culture;n.文化;文明; 联想:agriculture 农业custom;n.习惯;风俗; 联想:habit(个人)习惯; custo

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