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小七哥语法1
句子成分
一、 概述
句子是由不同的成分构成,一般来说,句子成分包括:主、谓、表、宾、定、状、补语。
实词 =>名、代、数、形、副、动词。
虚词 =>介、冠、连、感叹词。
① 主、宾语主要由名词、代词充当。
I wish you success .
双宾语 : success=直宾, you= 间宾(人称宾语均为间接宾语)
② 谓语由动词充当。
I think we will succeed .
③ 定语、表语、补语主要由形容词充当。
It was a successful party.
④ 状语主要由副词充当。
They crossed the river successfully .
Successfully为方式状语或结果状语。
v./n.+-ly------adj.
adj.+-ly------adv.
二、 主语: 句子的主干部分之一,表明这句话说的是谁或什么,一般位于句首。
通常由名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句。
Mary likes her new bike.
They usually go to school by bus.
To learn a foreign language isn't easy.
Playing football after school is great fun.
Where he lives is unclear.(名词性从句用陈述语序 )
三、 谓语: 句子的主干部分之一,表明主语所作的动作、具有的特征或所处的状态。通常由
动词充当;动词可分为实义动词、联系动词、情态动词和助动词,其中,情态动词、助
动词 不能单独充当谓语,它们必须跟实义动词或联系动词一起充当谓语。实义动词包
括及物动词 和不及物动词,及物动词后要带宾语。
They work very hard.
I feel good.
They are playing over there.
四、 宾语: 表示动作的对象、结果或内容。一般跟在及物动词或介词后,通常由名、代、数、
不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句。
Tom bought a book last week.
- How many books do you want?
-I want seven .
He wants to have a cup of tea .
Mary enjoys playing the piano .
I don't know where he lives .
*有些动词要带两个宾语,一个直接宾语,一个间接宾语(人称宾语)
常见带双宾 :give,show,send,return,teach,write,tell,hand,bring,lend,leave,throw,buy,do,fetch …
Pass me the book.
Do me a favor,please.=Lend me a hand,please.
五、 表语: 是英语中的一种特殊成分,跟在系动词( be , sound , feel , become , remain )后,
用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等。常由名、代、形、副、介词短语、不定式(短
语)、分词(短语)、从句等充当。
His sister is a nurse .
When he heard the news,he got angry .
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken .
My question is where he lives.
Sorry,he is out.=Sorry,he isn't in.
六、 定语: 用来修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词(一般用单数)、
不定式(短语)、介词短语、不定代词、分词(短语)、从句等充当。
不定式(短语)充当定语,一般与其所修饰的词有动宾关系。
I need a pen to write with .
The girl in red is my sister.
This is the house where he lives .
七、 状语: 说明动作或状态特征,用来修饰动、形、副、句子。常由副、介词短语、动词不
定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等充当。
*在含有时间状语从句、条件状语从句的复杂句中,主将从现。
As soon as he comes back, I will tell him about it.
If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.
八、 宾语补足语: 用来补充说明宾语的成分,主要由形、名、不定式(短语)、副词等充当,
宾补与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。复合宾语 = 宾语 + 宾补
We selected him (to be)our monitor .
You can call me Anson .
John asked me to help him .
Don't keep the nights on all night.
*当动词是使役动词或感官动词时,不定式如充当宾语,主动语态省略 to ,被动语态补充 to 。
Let me see .
I made Tom clean the room .
Tom was made to clean to room .(主语补足语)
We often hear Mary sing .
Mary is often heard to sing (by us).
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