全国英语等级考试四级写作部分和完形填空资料.doc

全国公共英语等级考试四级（PETS-4）

写作部分
考试内容及评分标准

1. 考纲要求：
考生根据所给情景（英/中文）写出约160-200词（不计算标点符号）的文章。提供情景的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情境、图画、图表等。
　　该部分所需时间约为35分钟。考生在答题卡2上作答。共20分，所占比例25%

2．评分标准：结构第一位，语言、内容第二位
第五档
（21～25分）
完全完成了试题规定的任务。
·覆盖所有的内容要点。
·应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
·语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。
·有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
·完全达到了预期的写作目的。

3． 基本要求：语言简洁，没有大量语法拼写错误；结构清晰紧凑；卷面整洁

五大出题形式

一. 主题句作文
　　范文
　　Title: Dictionary
　　(1) The dictionary is a living teacher.
　　(2) Skills will develop with your constant use of various dictionaries.
(3) But you should have one thing in mind.

Dictionary
　　The dictionary is living teacher. Whenever you come across a new word, just consult it and you will get a clear definition from it. Every student, no matter attending school or self-taught, should always have a dictionary at hand. As a study aid, it is convenient, inexpensive and all-knowing.
　　Skills will develop with your constant use of various dictionaries. The more you use them, the more familiar you will become with them. Sooner or later, you will be quite skilled in finding the page, scanning the entries and locating the exact meaning of the new words.
　　But you should have one thing mind. As a language student, you should never depend too much on dictionaries. Basic language skills do not come from dictionaries, but from your practice. For some extensive reading, for example, you need not account to a dictionary every time you encounter a new word, you could just guess the meaning and skip it. Learn the language by listening, speaking, reading and writing more, and that is the only way to the mastery of a language.
　　译文
字典
　　字典是一个活老师。当你遇到新的单词时，可以查字典你会找到非常清楚的定义。不论是在校学习还是自学，每个学生都应该手头准备一本字典。作为一个学习工具，字典非常方便、便宜而且知识全面。
　　经常使用各种字典你的查字典能力就能够提高。用的次数越多，你就会越熟练。你会非常熟练地找到需要的页面，浏览目录并快速找到你需要的字。
　　但是你需要记住一件事情。作为学语言的学生，不能太依赖字典。语言技能不是从字典中来，而是通过不断的练习。比如在泛读时，你不需要一遇到生词就查字典而是通过猜测它的意思并跳过它。通过听说读写的练习来学习语言，只有这样你才能真正掌握一门语言。

二. 提纲作文
　　范文1
　　Directions:
　　Title: Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents
　　Your composition should be based on the Outline given below:
　　1. Every day, thousands of people die from traffic accidents in the world.
　　2. a. Drivers pay no attention to their driving behavior.
　　 b. the whole society indulgent towards the peace breaker, too much traffic in both the city and the countryside.
3. make laws and regulations to prevent accidents.

Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents
　　Though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we cites the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motorcar! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people in the world are killed or horribly mutilated each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
　　It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motorcar often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year olds and utterly selfish.
　　The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.
　　It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate.
　　译文
只有制定更严格的法律才能防止事故发生
　　尽管现在幸福和长寿比以前更容易得到，但每天却有很多人丧身车轮。人和车的冲突永无止境，人却是受害者。世界上每年都有成千上万的人死于车祸, 我们再也不能坐视不管。
　　有一种说法我认为是对的，每当人们手握方向盘的时候，他们的个性就显露出来了。勿容置疑汽车将人们的恶性显露出来。平时安静的人一开车马上变得让人认不出。他们变得具有攻击性，极度自私，像两岁孩子一样任性。
　　令人惊奇的是人们对于肇事者的态度十分纵容。为他们提供了各种便利条件。由于严重的交通拥挤，城市几乎变得不适合认居住。乡村也被各种公路网所污染。大量的交通死亡人数也只不过是一些数字，被人们所遗忘。
　　我们必须要建立一种世界制度来制止这种对生命的扼杀。一些国家关于驾驶的法律太松懈，甚至最严酷的法律也是那么无力。被普遍接受的世界制度对于降低事故率只会有利。

三. 规定情景作文
　　范文1
　　Directions: In the past people thought that education was only for young people. But now it is believed that education is for a lifelong progress. Do you agree or disagree?

　　Education is an indispensable part in one’s life. It illuminates human knowledge and culture, improving the development of science and technology. In my point of view, education is not only for young people, it should be proceeding in people’s whole life.
　　For one reason, our society is developing at an amazing speed along with the improvement of science and technology. If people stop studying after graduation from university, they can not keep pace with the steps of social development and easy to be eliminated in the fierce competition. Take the IT as an example. The amount of information is increasing in a speed dozens of times faster than before. If a person does not learn the latest knowledge they would not be able to develop new technology and products. Therefore, a person should take a lifelong learning.
　　As the saying goes, “never too old to learn.” To keep up with the development of world, a person must study during his whole life. Otherwise, he will lag far behind the others.
译文
　　在人的一生中教育是不可分割的一部分。它承载了知识和文明，促进了科学技术的进步。在我看来，教育不尽属于年经人，而是一个一生的过程。
　　其中一个原因就是随着科学技术的不断进步，社会发展的速度也是惊人的。如果大学毕业后就停止学习，人们很难跟上社会发展的脚步，很容易在激烈的 竞争中被淘汰。比如说IT技术。信息正在以以前几倍的速度增长。如果人们不学习最新的知识他们就不能发展新技术和产品。因此，人们应该终身学习。
　　正如谚语所说“活到老学到老“。为了跟随世界的脚步，人们必须终生学习，否则他们将落于人后。

四、图表作文 <Line graph / pie graph / bar graph / table>

第一段
试题[1]The graph shows the cheese sales in the country X in the year 1997. Look at the graph and write a composition of about 120 words making reference to the following points.
1. the distribution of percentage by Cheese Type;
2. Possible reasons for Cheddar Cheese’s largest share in sales

范例The pie graph gives information about cheese sales in the country X in the year 1997. After carefully studying the information in the graph, we may safely conclude that Cheddar cheese and Mozzarellar cheese shared the better part of the market, with Cheddar cheese taking the lead by occupying 36 percent and Mozzarellar occupying 30.6 percent of the total market share.

第二段
A great many factors (reasons) might have contributed to this change (phenomenon), and here I would like to lay emphasis on the following ______: first… secondly….(next,/ in additoin to …)

温馨提示：图表描述词汇
增加：increase, rise, skyrocket, soar, mount up, build up, climb up, balloon up, go up (sharply/ rapidly/ gradually/ slowly)
减少：decrease, nosedive, decline, fall, drop, plunge, go down
水平：remain stable, maintain the same level, remain steady, remain unchanged
导致：lead to, cause, contribute to, result in, give rise to,
源于：result from, stem from, be rooted in, originate from

收尾段
Given all the above factors, it is safe to reach the conclusion that …
Taking into account all the above factors, it is reasonable to reach the conclusion that …

［例］
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition of no less than 160 words on Income Sources between Chinese and American Students. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
1. Describe the differences of the income sources between Chinese and American students.
2. Analyze possible reasons for these differences.
3. Predicate future tendency.

Source of Income Percentage of Total Income
Parents
Part-time job
Fellowship or Scholarship
American Students
50%
35%
15%
Chinese Students
90%
5%
5%

［范文］
  The table gives information about income sources between Chinese students and American students and we can clearly find they are totally different. In China, students get 90% of their money from their parents while in America, only 50% of students’ money is provided by parents. In addition, Chinese students earn only 5% of their money from part-time jobs and 5% from fellowship or scholarship while income from these two resources for American students takes up 35% and 15% respectively of their total income.
I think there are probably three reasons for their differences. First, because of the influence of different social and family values, Chinese students have formed the habit of asking for money from their parents while American students have developed more sense of being financially independent. Second, most Chinese parents devote too much care to their children and they would rather save up to afford their children’s education rather than encourage them to take part-time jobs. But in America, many parents pay more attention to developing the students’ ability of self-reliance, so they encourage their children to find part-time job to earn some money by themselves. Third, since America is more developed than China, it is relatively easy for students to find part-time jobs. In China, such opportunities are rather rare.
I believe with the development of China, more and more Chinese students will realize and pay more attention to the necessity of self dependence. In addition, more and more opportunities will be provided for them to take part-time jobs. Therefore, more students will go out of the ivory tower to broaden their knowledge and to become the master of their own lives.
模板一
① 总的趋势　 ② 图表具体描述　 ③剖析图表所揭示的含义　 ④理由一 ⑤ 理由二 ⑥理由三 ⑦ 理由四 ⑧总结
As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dramatic changes in①______. ②_______. It is obvious from the table that③_________.
What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, ④______. Secondly, ⑤______ . What’s more, ⑥ _______. Last but not least, ⑦________.
In conclusion, ⑧_________.

模板二
①描述图表 ②分三方面解释原因 ③下结论
1. During the period from _______to _______, ________rose from ________to _______, while _______ decreased from _______ to _______.
2) We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First,____. Second, ____. Third, _____.
3) ___.We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We can imagine that ___.

温馨提示：图表描述词汇
增加：increase, rise, skyrocket, soar, mount up, build up, climb up, balloon up, go up (sharply/ rapidly/ gradually/ slowly)
减少：decrease, nosedive, decline, fall, drop, plunge, go down
水平：remain stable, maintain the same level, remain steady, remain unchanged
导致：lead to, cause, contribute to, result in, give rise to,
源于：result from, stem from, be rooted in, originate from

用过渡词阐述原因，并用例子、评论进行论证
启：first, at present, first of all, at the first place, on the one hand, for one thing, to begin with,
承：Second, On the other hand, in addition, additionally, moreover, what is more, furthermore, besides, meanwhile, in the mean time, in other words, more importantly,
合：last but not least, finally, eventually, at last, in the end
模拟试题
Part B
Below is a graph showing the distribution of car accidents in a city during 1997.Look at the graph and write an essay of about 160 words making reference to the following points:
1. the distribution of car accidents in different months and the general trend in 1997
2. the possible reasons for the distribution of car accidents

The number of car accidents in the city
五、图画作文
范文一
Directions:
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures —National and International". In the essay you should
1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2) give your comment on the phenomenon.

As is shown in the picture, a young American girl is wearing traditional Chinese dress and ornaments and is smiling sweetly. It may be an ordinary picture, but it conveys deep and profound meaning: national culture is also international culture.
Ever since we opened our door to the world, we have been attracted and influenced by things from other cultures, such as jeans, country music and fast food. We have shown such interest in them that some people, especially the younger generation, become crazy about them. The more exotic they are, the more fashionable they seem to be. Now, our national culture begins to show its charm and gain popularity all over the world. Our national costume, just as shown in the picture, Beijing Opera, Cross Talk, for example, have won favor with a lot of foreigners.
As national culture becomes international culture, people in the world better understand each other. We are all villagers in this global village. Mutual respect and understanding make this world a better place to live in.

范文二
Directions:
1) Describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and 2) Point out its implications in our life.

As is shown in the two pictures, the same flower has different fate when put in different situations. When there is protection, the flower blooms beautifully. However, when exposed directly to rain and storm, the flower quickly withers. We can safely come to the conclusion that greenhouse flowers cannot withstand rain and storm.
The same is true with our children. As the one-child policy is adopted in China, more and more parents overprotect their children. With everything done for them and every need satisfied by their parents or grandparents, these only children seem to be healthy, happy and high-spirited. But when they leave home, they become disappointed and frustrated. Facing harsh things they have never experienced before, such as competition from peers, criticism from supervisors, pressure for deadlines and restriction for discipline, they will be at a loss, miserable or even desperate. In fact, the more protection they get from their parents, the less ability they acquire. Parents' love for their children turns out to be a disaster.
Children, like flowers, should be treated with care, but reasonable and sensible ways of doing things will help to bring about more fruitful results, if we not only love our children but also teach them how to love, our love will be passed down from generation to generation; if we not only solve problems for our children but also encourage them to solve problems, our diligence and ingenuity will make our life more meaningful and worthwhile.

模拟试题一
Below is a photo showing primary school students receiving military training．Look at the
photo and write an essay of about 160 words，making reference to the following points：
1．a description of the photo 2．your comment on such training programs for children

高频词汇的替换使用
表明：It shows to us that (It indicates that/ It reveals that/It reveals that/It reflects that/It demonstrat