雅思阅读分类词汇.doc

雅思阅读分类词汇教育accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and board lodging 寄宿(处) lease 出租 “for lease”, “to let”v.s. rent tenant 房客，佃户 landlord 房东 landlady(f)? Lord, tenant housemate roommate, dormmate schoolmate, classmate dormitory 寝室 (abbrev. dorm) au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework(另) = reciprocal reciprocal 相互的，互惠的 hostel youth hostel hotel real estate 房地产 vicinity = neighborhood flat 平的，瘪的 flat tire公寓(= apartment) condo, studio bond = deposit linen 亚麻的 亚麻织品，床单(= bed linen) utensil 器皿 stationery 文具 (v.s. stationary) laundry 洗衣，洗衣店 cafeteria 自助餐厅 canteen cater 满足(需要) aerobics 有氧健身操 “aero”: air badminton 羽毛球(运动) baseball 棒球 baseball bat squash 壁球(运动) amateur professional gathering 聚会v.s. meeting, reunion excursion 远足 (= outing, expedition) commonwealth 共和国，联邦Commonwealth: 英联邦 tertiary 第三的After purchasing a house and a car, the next major life expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primary secondary tertiary post-secondary “post”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral, post-sale, postwar illiterate 文盲 不识字的il(no) + literate(words) illiteracy ( literacy) discipline 学科，纪律v.s. subject terminology 术语 faculty department and staff of a college/university dean (大学)教务长 curriculum 课程 (= course) extracurricular 课外的 syllabus 课程提纲 calendar 日历，日程 ( schedule, agenda, timetable) compulsory 强制的，必修的 elective (选修的) examiner examinee take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resit recruit 招生，招募 recruitment= enroll prestige 声望，威信 prestigious esteem 尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/company aptitude 智力SAT: School Aptitude Test matriculation 录取入学 vocation 职业 (= calling, occupation, career) vocationalvocational education TAFE Technical And Further Education (Australian) abbreviation 缩略(词) abridge (缩短，删节) transferable (学分等)可转换的 scholarship 奖学金= fellowship tutorial 辅导(课)? tutor (= lecturer, instructor) pedagogue 教员，学究 pedagogy (教育学，教学法) demagogue (政治煽动家) lexicography 词典编撰 ( lexicographer) assignment 任务，(课外)作业 dissertation 论文 (= thesis) credential 证明，文凭 “cred”: creditlinguistic credentials alumni 校友(男) alumnae overestimate 高估 ( underestimate) decipher 解码，解释 (= decode)decipher workplace culture caliber 才干 雅思阅读分类词汇环境问题conservation 保护，保存 ( conserve) v.s. conversation environmentalist = conservationist acid 酸 酸的 (alkali)acid rain carbon 碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide fume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smog petroleum 石油 petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE) unleaded petrol/gas ozone 臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layer ooze 渗出 渗出物 radiation 辐射ultraviolet(UV) radiation radioactive greenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gases solar 太阳的 (solar energy) lunar (lunar calendar) phenomenon 现象 catastrophe = disaster, cataclysm deterioration 恶化 (? deteriorate) extinction 灭绝 (? extinct) species endangered species drought 干旱 ( “找它”) famine v.s. flooding recurrent 反复发生的re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrent inundate 淹没 “淹掉它” embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment) sediment 沉积（物）= deposit delta 三角洲the Pearl River Delta alluvial 冲积的 desertification ? desert (v.s. dessert) dust-storm 沙尘暴 thunderstorm, brainstorm barren 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的 dune sand dunethe game “DUNE”! attributable 归因于be attributable to deforestation 滥砍滥伐（森林）de + forest + ation afforestation/reforestation log 原木，日志 伐木v.s. logo vegetation 植物，植被v.s. vegetable, vegetarian habitat 栖息地? habit (Habit is the second nature.) ecosystem 生态系统 (eco + system) ecology viability ? viable “vi”: life养育能力One tool for assessing the impact of forestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis. demographic 人口统计的 demo(people) + graph(write) + ic interdependence inter + dependence counterbalance 使平衡，弥补 (=offset)counter(against) + balance mechanism 机理，机制 precipitation 陡降，降水 (? precipice) evaporation circulation 流通，循环 tide tidal wave (海啸) ebb earthquake typhoon tornado, hurricane meteorology 气象(学) volcano 火山 eruption 喷发 (? erupt)volcanic eruption lava granite 花岗岩 imminent = impending v.s. eminent Celsius 摄氏的 37OCv.s. Centigrade Fahrenheit 华氏的 latitude 纬度(另) longitude, altitude tropical (the) tropics tropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zone glacier 冰川 dump 倾倒，倾销 anti-dumping contaminate 弄脏 ( contaminant) recycle 回收再利用 irreversible 不可逆的 (= irrevocable) reclaim 开垦，改造 reclamation contentious 有争议的 (contend)Many environmental issues today are highly contentious. opt 选择(+ for) option prioritize 优先考虑 ( prior, priority)雅思阅读分类词汇心理theorem 原理，定理v.s. theory methodology 方法论 (? method) physiology 生理学 ( physiological) psychiatry 精神病学 psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysis correlation 相互关系 correlation coefficient sensation 感觉，知觉 (另)轰动 sensational perception 感知，认知 intuition 知觉 ( intuitive) ESP 第六感 (Extrasensory Perception) motivate 激励 motivation ( bonus, commission, ) incentive 激励因素 stimulus 刺激 stimulate, stimulation disorder 紊乱，失调 dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + function dissonance 不和谐，不一致dis + son(sound) +ance trauma 创伤 ( traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11 anxiety 焦虑 (= anxiousness) depression 沮丧 (de + press + ion) depressedv.s. repression (压抑) insomnia 失眠 phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobia acrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFL xenophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place allergy 过敏(症)，反感 ( allergic)He is allergic to card playing. propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency, inclination paranoid 偏执的? paranoia (偏执狂) workaholic 工作狂 (? alcoholic) symptom 症状 diagnosis 诊断(n.)? diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis” electroencephalogram 脑电图 electrocardiogram (心电图) assertive 武断的 (? assert) therapy 治疗法group therapy hypnotism 催眠术 ( hypnotize) prescribe 开药方v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribe prescription: drugs antidepressant 抗抑郁药 tranquilizer 镇静药 (? tranquil) side-effect (+s) 副作用 immune 免疫的，免除的 ( immunity) rehabilitation 复原，康复 relapse 旧病复发，故态复萌v.s. elapse 子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜！ chronic 慢性的 adulthood childhood puberty 青春发动期 adolescence 青春期 (the time of life between puberty and adulthood) emotional rational affective 情感的 (? affection) sane 神智健全的 insane superstition 迷信 superstitious telepathy 传心术，通灵术tele(far away) + pathy(heart) numerology, palmistry apathy 无感情，无兴趣，冷漠 (= indifference)a(no) + pathyv.s. sympathy: sym(same) + pathy pathology 病理学，病理，病变 delusion 迷惑，欺瞒v.s. illusion disorientation 迷失 (dis + orientation) disoriented pervert 使反常/变态 反常/变态者 perversion introspection 内省v.s. retrospection (回顾，反省) sublimation 纯化，升华? sublime personality = personal characteristics multiple personality (多重人格) innate 天赋的 in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenital attribute 属性 ( attributable) trait 特征，品质national traits 国民性vs. traitor 雅思阅读分类词汇文化homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous) homo*ual, hetero*ual mainstream 主流 主流的 dialect 方言 (v.s. accent) discrepancy 差异 misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding barrier 障碍(物) bar, = barricade discrimination 区别，歧视racial/*ual discrimination? discriminate (+against) hierarchy 等级制度heir + arch(govern) + y insularity 岛国性质 (? insular, island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity. microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os) nostalgia = homesickness patriot 爱国者 ( traitor) patriotic, patriotism compatriot 同胞 同胞的com + patriot vernacular 本地的，本国的 本地话，本国话the vernacular languages of India Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish immigration 移入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration ( emigrant, emigrate) antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes” permeate 渗透，弥漫Smoke permeated the house. entrepreneur 企业家 ( enterprise) entrepreneurship practitioner 开业者，从业者praction(practice) + er celebrity - a famous person= luminary, VIP proxy 代理人 anecdote 轶事 ( anecdotal) notoriety 恶名 (notorious) counterpart 对应人，对等物Whos George Bushs counterpart in China? Counterculture, counterbalance peer 同等的人 凝视，窥视( peep) subordinate 下级 下级的 superior tactics 战术，技巧v.s. strategy (战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics nuance a subtle difference in meaning benchmarking 类比分析 punctual 准时的，守时的 ( punctuality) absenteeism 旷工absent absentee absenteeism flextime 弹性工作时间flex(flexible) + time harass 骚扰 ( harassment)Mary said that Gary had *ually harassed her. redundancy 冗余，冗员network redundancy downsize 裁员 ( lay off) ballot 投票 (= vote) impartial 不偏不倚的 ( partial) lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.) shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen (v.) equilibrium 平衡，均衡 questionnaire 调查表，问卷 quantitative 定量的 ( qualitative) contingency 偶然性，偶然事件 incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recur ethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethical dubious 疑惑的，可疑的 ( doubt)People were dubious about the result. manifestation 显示，证明 (? manifest) subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb( downtown, uptown, outskirts) dubbing 配音录制 vogue 时尚 chic bizarre 奇异的v.s. weird (怪异的) mediocre 平庸的 dietitian 饮食学家 ( diet) connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家 entre, a la carte 雅思阅读分类词汇生物/生理molecule 分子 molecular cell cellular amino amino acids (氨基酸) protein 蛋白质 enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions) catalyst 催化剂 chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”: Cl photosynthesis 光合作用 (photo + synthesis) photosynthetic botany 植物学 ( zoology) botanist, botanical flora 植物群 fauna 动物群 bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌 fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌 algae alga (pl.) 海藻 herb herbal: tea herbicide ( insecticide, pesticide) carnation 康乃馨 reincarnation fade 凋谢，褪色 organism 机体，组织? organ arthropod 节肢动物v.s. anthropoid () reptile 爬行动物 amphibian 两栖动物 mammal 哺乳动物 (? mamma!) primate 灵长目动物 evolution 进化 (? evolve) anthropoid 类人猿 (“anthrop”: humankind) anthropology, philanthropyv.s. ape, gorilla, chimpanzee gene 基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genome (基因组) genetics 遗传学 ( genetical) helix 螺旋，螺旋壮物 analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanitys DNA identical 同一的 identity ( ID card) clone mutation 突变 gene mutation mutable, immutable, mutant predator 捕食者 ( prey) embryo 胚胎 embryonic (萌芽的) roe 鱼子 caviar (鱼子酱) tadpole 蝌蚪 frog, toad ( told) caterpillar 毛毛虫 (cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT) grasshopper 蚱蜢，蝗虫 (= locust)grass + hopper, bellhop cricket 蟋蟀 (另)板球 butterfly v.s. moth dragonfly, firefly pollen 花粉 传粉 pollinate, pollination hive 蜂房 honey, concoction larva larvae (pl.) 幼虫v.s. lava pupa 蛹 pupate penguin 企鹅v.s. dolphin (海豚) raccoon 浣熊v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠) hibernate 冬眠 (=hole up) torpid 麻木的，蛰伏的v.s. torpedo (鱼雷) cerebral （大）脑的 hemisphere 半球 (hemi + sphere) cortex 脑皮层 migraine 偏头疼? migrant somatic 躯体的 limb 四肢upper/lower limb anatomy 解剖，剖析 paralyze 使瘫痪 (=incapacitate, immobilize) artery 动脉 ( vein) gland 腺体 pancreas 胰 hormone 荷尔蒙，激素 cholesterol 胆固醇 efficacy 功效v.s. efficiency, effectiveness 雅思阅读分类词汇科技ubiquitous 普遍存在的= omnipresent ( omniscient, omnipotent) versatile (人)多才多艺的，(物)通用的 versatility alchemy 炼金术 transmute 变形，变质transmute silver into gold (!) arduous 艰巨的 (=strenuous)an arduous task pitfall 陷阱，未预见之困难 metallurgy 冶金 alloy 合金 aluminum = aluminium (BE) calcium, uranium, radium copper, brass, bronze electrode 电极 distill 蒸馏 distilled water quartz 石英 phosphorus 磷，磷光物质 inflammable 易燃的 (? flame) combustion 燃烧 ( combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus) ceramic 陶瓷的 瓷器 ( ceramics) insulate 隔离，绝缘 insulator ( conductor) fiber 纤维 (BE: fibre)fiber optics (纤维光学) optics 光学 ( optical) retina 视网膜 iris 虹膜 opaque 不透明的v.s. transparent, translucent microprocessor 微处理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chip binary 二进制的 integrate integrated, integrationintegrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI) buffer 缓冲区buffer storage browser 浏览器 ( IE, Netscape) hypertext 超文本 envisage 想象，看作 en + vis(see) + ageThe internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links. momentous (极为)重要的v.s. momentary reticular 网状的 Ethernet 以太网 domain 域 domain names cyberlaw 网络法律 “cyber-“: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe, patent 专利 ( patented)v.s. copyright, pirated software/VCDs chronological 按时间顺序的 “chron”: time chronic, chronicle, chronograph robot 机器人(“肉包它”) robotics artificial 人造的，做作的artificial satellite/smile cone 圆锥体，锥形物the nose cone of a missile Jupiter 木星 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn exorbitant 过度的，过分的，过高的ex(out) + orbit + ant centripetal 向心(力)的 centrifugal high-rise 高楼 ( skyscraper) cathedral 大教堂 dome 圆顶 (a hemispherical roof) infrastructure 基础设施 superstructure sewage 污水，下水道 hydraulic 水力的，水压的 landfill 垃圾掩埋(地) ventilation 通风 thermostat 温控器 thermo(hot) + stat(steady) thermos, thermometer, thermonuclear prefabricate 预先制造 prefab (预制的) polytechnic 各种工艺的 理工学校Hong Kong Polytechnic geometric 几何(学)的? geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure) asymmetry 不对称 a(not) + sym(same) + metry() symmetry concave 凹的 ( convex) bilateral 双边的，两方面的 unilateral paradoxical “似非而是”的? paradox (悖论) empirical 经验的empirical law/formula clockwise 顺时针的 ( anticlockwise) 雅思分类词汇：职业工作相关词汇Ministry of Labour 劳工部 (美作:Department of Labor)labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所 (美作:Employment Bureau)labour management 职业介绍经纪人full employment 整日制工作to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬seasonal work 季节工作piecework work 计件工作timework work 计时工作teamwork work 联合工作shift work 换班工作assembly line work 组装线工作 (美作:serial production)workshop 车间handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺trade, craft 行当profession, occupation 职务employment, job 工作situation, post 位置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空额work permit 工作许可证to apply for a job 求职, 找工作application(for a job) 求职to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 劳务合同industrial accident 劳动事故occupational disease 职业病vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期 labour costs, labour input 劳力成本fluctuation of labour 劳力波动 (美作:of labor)worker 工作者permanent worker 长期工, 固定工personnel, staff 人员employee 职员clerk, office worker 办公室人员salary earner 雇佣工人workman 工人organized labour 参加工会的工人skilled worker 技术工人unskilled worker 非技术工人specialized worker 熟练工人farm worker 农场工人labourer worker 农业工人day labourer 日工seasonal worker 季节工collaborator 合作者foreman 工头trainee, apprentice 学徒工apprenticeship 学徒artisan, craftsman 工匠specialist 专家night shift 夜班shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏劳力working class 工人阶级proletarian 无产者proletariat 无产阶级trade union 工会 (美作:labor union)trade unionist 工团主义者trade unionism 工团主义guild 行会,同会,公会association, society, union 协会emigration 移民,移居employer 雇主,老板shop steward (工厂的)工会代表 (美作:union delegate)delegate 代表representative 代表works council 劳资联合委员会 labour law 劳工法working day, workday 工作日full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time work 半日工作working hours