公共英语三级精讲unit1-10.doc

公共英语3级精讲班第1讲讲义
公共英语三级概述与试卷构成的分析
一. 公共英语三级考试
1. 全国公共英语考试（PETS）概述
公共英语等级考试体系(Public English Testing System)是面对全社会开放的，非学历性的英语等级考试，共有五个级别，不论考生的年龄、职业、学历背景, 学习者只要有一定的英语基础，都可以选择合适报考的级别，参加考试。公共英语考试是全面考察考生英语听、说、读、写能力的水平考试， 并且逐步与有关的考试、升学、出国留学联系起来。
2. 公共英语三级概述
该级是全国英语等级考试五个级别的中间级，其标准相当与我国学生普通高中毕业后在大专院校学习了公共英语或自学了同等程度英语课程的水平。
通过该考试的考生，其英语已达到高等教育自学考试非英语专业本科毕业水平或符合普通高校非英语专业本科毕业的要求，基本符合企事业单位行政秘书、经理助理、一般管理人员或科技工作者、外企职员的工作要求。以及同层次其它工作在对外交往中的基本需要
3.公共英语三级考试介绍
笔试试卷（120分钟）分四部分：听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。总分为100分，60分及格。
口试试卷（10分钟）分三节考查考生的口语交际能力。总分5分，3分及格。
笔试部分
（一）听力（25分钟）
　　 该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的能力。
　　 A节（10题）：考查考生理解事实性信息的能力。要求考生根据所听到的10段简短对话，从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。只放一遍录音，每题有15秒答题时间 。
　　 B节（15题）：考查考生理解总体和特定信息的能力。要求考生根据所听到的4段对话或独白从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。只放一遍录音，每题有20秒答题时间。
（二）英语知识运用 (15 分钟)
　　 该部分考查考生对语法结构、词汇知识和表达方式的掌握情况。
　　 共20小题。在一篇200－250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。其中有13－15道题考查词汇和表达方式，5－7道题考查语法结构。
　　 该部分所需时间约为15分钟。
（三）阅读理解 （40 分钟）
　　 该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
　　 A节(15题)：考查考生理解总体和特定信息的能力。要求考生根据所提供的3篇文章的内容（平均长度为350词左右）从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。
　　 B节（5题）：考查考生理解文章（约长350词）的主旨的能力。考生须从七个选项中排除两个干扰项，将正确的概述与五段文字逐一搭配成对。
　　 该部分所需时间约为40分钟。
（四）写作 （40 分钟）
　　 该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。
　　 A节：考生根据所给情景（英/中文）写出约100词的简单信件（标点符号不计算在内）。
　　 B节：考生根据所给情景（英文），写出一篇不少于120词的文章（标点符号不计算在内）。提供情景的形式有图画、图表、文字等。
　　 该部分所需时间约为40分钟。

口试部分
　　 口试分A、B、C三节，测试考生用英语进行口头交际的能力。
　　 每次口试采取两名口试教师和两名考生的形式。一名口试教师(accessor)不参与交谈，专门评分；另一名口试教师(interlocutor)主持口试，随时与考生交谈并评分。
　　 A节：考查考生提供个人信息、回答有关他们日常生活、家乡、家庭、工作、学习等问题的能力。（3分钟）
　　 B节：考查考生就信息卡上的图片或文字讨论有关问题的能力。（3分钟）
　　 C节：要求考生就信息卡上的图片或文字作简短描述，之后与另一考生就同一话题阐述个人观点。（4分钟）

试卷的题量、采分点与分数权重

考生得到的笔试成绩为各部分所得原始分分别经过加权处理后的分数的总和。如：
某考生听力部分原始得分为20分，经加权处理后的分数为24分（20÷25×30=24分）
其英语知识运用原始得分为15分，经加权处理后的分数为11.3分（15÷20×15≈11.3分）
其阅读理解部分原始得分为25分， 经加权处理后的分数为21.4分（25÷35×30≈21.4分）
其写作部分原始得分为18分， 经加权处理后的分数为15分（18÷30×25 =15分）
该考生未经加权的原始总分为78分， 各部分经加权后的总分为71.1≈72分
环球英语在线公共英语三级课程安排
环球教育在线根据公共英语三级考试大纲和教材的要求，提供了三十讲课文同步辅导和两套模拟试卷，共三十二讲。前三十讲中我们将会对课文的听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解、写作以及口语要点进行讲解，使同学们在听说读写等方面得到提高。后两讲我们将对考试的试题进行分析，帮助同学们掌握公共英语三级考试的应试技巧，帮助同学们顺利通过考试。

课程用书 （最新版本）
我们采用《全国公共英语等级考试标准教程》第三级 高等教育出版社 2006年6月第1版第1次印刷

Dialogues　1.
Greeting and Introduction
Dialogues 1.
Malenie Sanders brings out her photo album to show her new Egyptian friend, Layth, pictures of the family.
Background knowledge:
1. extended family and nuclear family
Extended family(traditional family): the family usually includes grandparents, parents and children living under the same roof 大家庭
Nuclear family(modern family): the family only consists parents and children核心家庭
2. the Depression: the Great Depression 经济大萧条
（1930-1940）It refers to the difficult period before World War Ⅱ in the United States. Many families faced serious financial or money problems in this period.
Language points:
1. Who’s that holding the hand of a boy
Who’s that girl holding the stick?
The one wearing funny hat is my little brother.
现在分词短语作后置定语表伴随
2.       His hat is really out of date.
out of date: no longer fashionable 不再流行的，过时的
. This kind of hair style is out of date.
out-of-date (作定语) 不再流行的，过时的
out-of-date hairstyle/ dress/ ideas/ songs/magazines
up to date: fashionable 流行的
This kind of hair style is up to date.
up-to-date (作定语) 流行的
up-to-date hairstyle/ dress/ ideas/ songs/magazines
3.       He’s wearing boots, because shoes were out of stock.
out of stock: not available 没有存货
.The book is out of stock.
in stock: available有存货
The book is in stock.
4.       He really has an outgoing personality.
outgoing personality: 外向的个性
outgoing: friendly and sociable 友好的、好交际的、外向的
extroverted, 外向的
ntroverted, reserved, 内向的
5.       He really know how to bring a person out.
ring sb out：cause sb to lose shyness 使某人克服害羞心理
He really knows how to bring a person out.
She’s nice — but needs s lot of bringing out.
6.       I wish I had his social skills.
wish 虚拟语气(与现在的情况相反从句用一般过去时， 与过去的情况相反从句用过去完成时)
I wish I were rich.
She wished she had stayed at home

Dialogue 2
Dialogue 2
Mr. Irving, chairman of a new vocational school, is talking with Mrs. Schmidt, the school’s human resources manager, about qualities needed in their personnel.
Some words about people’s personalities:
The traits most necessary for interpersonal success: (noun)
honesty诚实, dependability依靠性, tolerance容忍、宽容, cooperativeness竞争性, perseverance坚持不懈, vision有远见, competency有能力, fair-mindedness公正, punctuality准时
The traits for a desirable director: (adjective)
Humble谦卑的, diplomatic有外交手腕的, flexible灵活的, well-educated受过良好教育的, experienced有经验的, concerned关心别人的, generous慷慨的, skillful有技术的,
The traits for practical leaders: (adjective)
Diligent勤奋的, modest谦虚的, clever聪明的, humble谦卑的
Language points:
1.       According to psychological research, the traits most necessary for interpersonal success are honesty.
according to 根据、按照
According to English law, he is innocent.
According to the Bible, God created the earth in six days.
2.       In addition to those general assets, our school seek practical leaders who are skillful and diligent.
in addition to 除---之外
In additional to his salary he earned 1000 dollars.
in addition 添加、补充、此外
The river sustains many forms of wildlife; in addition, it gives the neighborhood children a good place to swim in.
3.       We have done good work so far.
so far 到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用)
We haven’t heard from them so far.

Monologue One
Monologue about Mary, a store detective.
Mary was chosen as a detective because she didn’t look like a detective. This is a story about Mary’s experience. One day she captured a c well-dressed thief who stole three silk ties.
Language points:
1.       Would you mind .letting me take a look in your briefcase.
would you mind doing sth
The guest said that they wouldn’t mind having a little light music.
Would you mind opening the window?
Certainly not.
Sorry, you’d better ---.
2. She insist on having a look into the man’s briefcase.
insisit on doing sth
I insisit on your being there.
I insist that we (should) go there on foot.
insist, suggest, order, demand， propose, require, request, command, decide,等词后面的宾语从句应该使用虚拟语气
I suggested that we (should) take part in the game.
I command that every should arrive here before 7 o’clock.

Monologue Two
Monologue about Jules Verne and his stories
He based his books on imagination, adventure and science.
1.       Many of his attempt to look into the future were surprising accurate.
look into 调查、了解
We’ll look into this matter together.
They’ll look into that right away.
2.       In all his books Jules Verne used his scientific knowledge as well as his imagination in describing the future inventions.
as well as 既------又------， 除------之外(还)------
The child is lively as well as healthy.
He gave me money as well as advice.
Passage
The passage talk about the life of Oprah Winfrey’s life. What kind of the circumstances he was born in ? How did she study? What contributions she did to change the world since 1954.? She was a courageous, funny, compassionate, well-informed, dazzlingly curious person, as down-to-earth as loving as any human being the author have ever known..
1.       Upon discovering books, the child delved into the written word, turning out weekly book reports for her father.
1)      Upon/on doing sth
Upon/on receiving the letter, I will write back to you.
Upon/on arriving home, they will give us a telephone call.
2)      turn out 生产、制造，最终变成
They concentrated their efforts on turning out more products of high quality.
The plan turned out failure.
3)      delve into 钻研
2． She was watching the live broadcast of the Academy Award ceremony.
1) live broadcast
2) the Academy Awards 学院奖，奥斯卡金像奖
3． That may also be partly due to the very special energy.
due to: caused by sb/sth, because of sb/sth
The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.
His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the motorway.
The flight was cancelled due to the fog.
4.down to earth 脚踏实地的

Exercise
Exercises:
Use of English
Words: relief 救济, senator 参议员，
1.make a deal 达成协议
2.lawmaker 与senator对应
6.  obvious明显的, awkward尴尬的, incredible不可相信的, extraordinary不同寻常的，Senator 和Bono意见不一致，所以是尴尬的时刻
11. be willing to so sth 愿意做某事
12. long sessions with senators and meetings at the World Bank 应该是boring的事情
16. witnessed目击, approached靠近, accompanied伴随, warned警告
20. devote one’s life to do sth 全身心投入做某事

公共英语三级精讲2
Dialogue 1-4

Dialogue 1
A notable actor, is talking with Susan Grant, a reporter, about one aspect of his personality that appeals to his fans.
Famous actors attracted many young people. The personality of stars can influence fans a lot. Movie stars should play an active role in influencing the young people. In this dialogue, John Travolta gives us an example.
Background knowledge:
1. Broadway star百老汇明星
Broadway is the center of American dancing and singing.. It is located in Manhattan, New York. It has become the symbol of American Entertainment.
2. Make- A -Wish program.
Make a wish program is a kind of Charity program founded by some Charity Association. The people who need help make wishes and the association can help people to make their dreams come true.
Language points:
1.One aspect of his personality that appeals to his fans.
appeal to 吸引
If you want child to work hare you must appeal to their interests instead of their sense of duty.
One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is that it appeals to many different people.
2.I don’t ever want to have the effect on a person that this person had on me.
have the effect on sth 对---产生影响
What he learns in school has an important effect on his future work.
The new rulings gives effect to the special committee.
3. I was blown away by disappointment.
blow away 拒绝
He pretended not to see me and blow me away.
4. I took a few years to get over it.
get over
1）克服
They have got over their shortcomings and mistakes in their work.
2）  从------中恢复过来
Have you got over your cold yet?
5. If you get too attached, you’re just setting yourself up for loss
1) be attached.依恋、爱慕、留恋某人某事w物
She was so attached to her home.
I’ve never seen two people so attached to each other.
2) set oneself up for loss 使某人不知如何是好、茫然、困惑.
be at a loss 不知如何是好、茫然、困惑
It left him at a complete loss.
6.       Thank you for giving me the inspiration to stick around.
give me the inspiration to stick around 给我坚持下去的灵感
7.       You have to feel you’re contributing to something.
contribute to
1) 捐助
They contribute aid to the refugees.
2) 促成某事物
Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?
3) 投稿
He contributes to many magazines.

Dialogue 2
David Andrews, a successful business and an amateur pilot, is talking with Barbara Johnson from a news magazine, about his family.
He love his children and family very much. He thinks that every generation gets to proves on the dream of the last generation.
In this dialogue he gives us some information about what gives him the greatest personal happiness in his life.
Background knowledge
Dairy Queen
It is a chain shop in Western country that sells different kinds of ice-cream and cakes. It is very popular among the western kids.
Language Points:
1.       amateur pilot 业余飞行员
2.       They’re everything to us, and we are secondary to them.
be secondary to sb 对某人来说是次要的
Such considerations are secondary to our main aim of improving efficiency.
3.       We also do the regular staff.
the regular staff 最普通的事、最寻常的事
4.       In other words, every generation gets to improve on the dream of the last generation.
in other words 换句话说，也就是说
You say you took the book without his permission. In other words, you stole it.

Dialogue 3
Tom Lee, an established lawyer, is talking with Kate Jones, a reporter, about the impact of his childhood on his growth.
Tom Lee had a traumatic childhood. He has a loving mother and a alcoholic father. His mother and father influenced him a lot.
Language Points:
1.       Tom Lee is talking with Kate Jones about the impact of his childhood on his growth.
impact on (n) 对------产生巨大的影响
Her speech made a tremendous impact on everyone. (n.)
impact on (v) 对------产生巨大的影响
His alcoholic father impacted a lot on him.
2.       A lot of what I ultimately defined myself to be was a reaction against that.
define sb to do sth 限定某人做某事
3.       He was never abusive with me or my sisters.
be abusive with sb 辱骂某人
He was abusive with the person who wasted the water.
4.       a tool pusher 工具推销员
5.       drill bits 钻头
6.       all of a sudden 突然
7.       He was admitted to the University of Oklahoma.
be admitted to do sth 被------所接纳
He was admitted to the school this year.
admit sb to do sth
We admitted him to go into our room.
8.       I did, but it came with a price.
come with a price 为某事付出代价

Dialogue 4
Phillip McGraw, a famous talk-show host, is talking with Laura Yorke, a reporter, about his work and family.
In this dialogue McGraw gives us some information about how to have a good family.
Background Knowledge
1.       talk show host脱口秀节目主持人
talk show; a kind of very popular conversation program.
Language Points:
1.       What do you mean by that?
What do you mean by --- ? 你这么说什么意思？
What do you mean by slamming the door?
2.       Everybody at some point is going to have misfortune.
at some point : sometimes有时候
He at some point writes to me.
At some time I go by bus.
3.       But I think that 50 percent of the solution to any problem lies in defining it first.
lie in 在于
The problem lies in that we can not understand what they want to know.
4.       I can be emotional compass that points them down the path.
1)      emotional compass 感情上的指南针
2)      point --- down 给某人指路
5.       The real work will start when they walk off the stage.
walk off the stage走下台、离开屏幕
6. I understand you and Robin and your two sons are an incredibly tight-knit family.
incredibly tight-knit family难得的/不常见的关系紧密的家庭
7. They don’t wind up living in a divorce situation.
wind up 终于到达某处，
We eventually wound up staying in a little hotel by the sea.
We always said he would wind up in jail.
8. If Robin and I fell off the world tomorrow, would our boys be equipped to manage their lives?
1) fall off the world 离开这个世界，去世
2) be equipped to do sth 装备
The solders were well equipped with weapons

Passage:
Background knowledge:
1. Annan, the former U.N Secretary-General
African born; European and American educated; with decades of services in the U.N. system; Married to a European; possessing a quiet charisma and calm authority as chaos arises.
He is really an extraordinary person. The passage is about his experience and his personalities.
1.       U.N. Secretary General 联合国秘书长
2.       career international civil servant 职业国际公务员
Language points
1. Annan, the career international civil servant who had participated in these disasters yet somehow survived and learned from them.
participate in 参加
How many countries will be participating in the Olymp