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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,The Past Participle(1),as the Attribute and Predicative,Unit 1 Grammar,1/48,在必修4中,我们已经学习了非谓语动词,-ing形式,，在本册书中我们将学习,非谓语动词另一个形式,过去分词,2/48,我们将在本册书前三个单,元讲解过去分词。,本单元我们先学习过去分词作定语和表语。,3/48,a lighted candle,一支点燃蜡烛,a used stamp,一枚用过邮票,Translation,4/48,a broken coin,一枚破损硬币,一名退休教师,a retired teacher,5/48,an injured finger,一个受伤手指,一个醉鬼,a drunken man,6/48,基本形式和意义,过去分词是动词一个非限定形式。过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词特征，能够带补语或受状语修饰。过去分词和补语或状语一起组成过去分词短语。过去分词基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则形式。,The Past Participle,7/48,-Look at the,excited,boy!Why is he so,happy?,-He has got the first prize in the contest.,-No wonder he is,excited,!,Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.,8/48,Past Participle as the Attribute,Example:,So many thousands of,terrified,people died.,Now find two more examples in the,reading passage.,9/48,1.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people,exposed,to cholera.,2.With this evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that,polluted,water carried the disease.,10/48,1.分词能够用作前置定语，此时分词和名词之间有两种语意关系：一个是分词表示主动（但时间上已经过去）；一个是分词表被动。,过去分词作定语,11/48,Eg a,lost,animal 一只迷路动物,A 单个过去分词作定语时普通兼有被,动和完成意义，常作前置定语。,注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被,动意义。,e.g.：,spoken,English 英语口语,written,exercises 书面练习,12/48,a,fallen,leaves,一片落叶,the,risen,sun,升起来太阳,the,advanced,countries,发达国家,a,retired,teacher,一名退休教师,by-gone,days,过去岁月,少数表示位移或状态改变不及物动词,过去分词只有完成意义。,13/48,e.g.How I regretted the hours,wasted,in the woods!,我多后悔在树林浪费时光啊!,I like wearing clothes,made,of this,kind of cloth,我喜欢穿这种布料做衣服。,B 过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和,或完成意义,。,14/48,e.g.The books,written,by Lu Xun are,popular,鲁迅写书很受欢迎。,Well go to visit the bridge,built,hundreds of years ago,我们要去看那座建于几百年前桥。,15/48,1.He told us of the great wrong done to him.,=He told us of the great wrong _ to him.,which had been done,注：本句中过去分词作定语，,既表被动又表完成。,Change the following past participles into clauses.,16/48,2.The United States is a developed country.,=The United States is a country,_.,which has developed,注:本句中过去分词作定语，只表示,完成。,3.Have you noticed the bridge being built,there?,=Have you noticed the bridge,_ there?,which is being built,注:本句中过去分词作定语，表示被,动动作正在进行。,17/48,过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。,Some of them,born and brought up in rural villages,had never seen a train.,他们当中有一些人,生长在农村，从未见过火车。,18/48,用来修饰人过去分词有时能够转移到修饰非人事物，变成所谓转移形容语。这种过去分词在形式上不直接修饰人，但它所修饰事物仍与人直接相关。,The general stared at him in,startled,admiration.,将军以诧异而赞赏眼光注视着他。,19/48,Attention,eg.We asked two of Chinas many,talented,journalists to tell us more about news.,I want to write about people,addicted to drugs,.,20/48,过去分词短语用作定语时，普通皆置于其所修饰名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简练，多用于笔语中。,Trucks and buses were driven on gas,carried in large bags,on the roof.,卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气是装在车顶上袋中。,21/48,我们已经学习了动词,-ing形式作定语,这里就有一个问题了,动词,-ed形式作定语和,动词,-ing,形式作定语有什么区分呢？,接下来我们就谈谈它们区分。,22/48,1）语态不一样,-ing,表主动、进行；,-ed,表被动、完成,-ed,作定语与,-ing,作定语区分：,an,inspiring,speech,鼓舞人心,演说,the,inspired,audience,受鼓舞,听众,the,falling,leaves 落叶,（正往下落),the,fallen,leaves 落叶,（已落到地面),23/48,the,changing,world,the,changed,world,（正在改变）,（改变了）,boiling,water,boiled,water,（正在沸腾),（已经沸腾过）,fading,flowers,faded,flowers,(正在凋谢),（已经凋谢）,a,developing,country,a,developed,country,(发展中),（发达）,24/48,2）时间关系不一样,-ing 表“正在 进行”或“与谓语动词同时进,行”或“经常性”。,-ed 表动作先于谓语动词表示动作。,Do you know the boy,lying under the big,tree,?,“Cant you read?”Mary said,angrily,pointing,to the notice.,The woman,selling vegetables,has gone.,25/48,3）,及物动词过去分词与现在分词被动式都可表示被动,但,-ed,表示一个完成了动作,而,being done,多表示一个正在进行动作。,The problem,discussed,yesterday has something to do with us.,The problem,being,discussed,now has something to do with us.,The building,being built,is our library.,26/48,The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt include women until 1912.,A.first playing,B.to be first played,C.first played,D.to be playing,考点点拨,27/48,简析:,首先,依据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games后置分词短语;再依据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in 776 B.C.)。所以,该题应选C。,28/48,2.Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak,简析:,该题应选B。测试过去分词作后,置定语表示被动,等于定语从句 which is,spoken。,29/48,3.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited,简析:,该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置,定语表示被动,等于定语从句who were,invited。,30/48,4.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened,简析:,该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作,定语放在所修饰名词后,能够用非限制,性定语从句“which was opened last,year”代替。,31/48,5.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written,简析:,该题应选D。测试过去分词作后,置定语表示被动,等于定语从句that,were written。,32/48,另外,分词作状语时,假如其逻辑主语与整个句子主语不一致时,需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替换。(此时,也可把该分词看成介词宾语补足语。),33/48,例:The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied,简析:,很显然,待选部分逻辑主语是 his,hands,而不是句子主语 The murderer,而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说,只能是被,动承受。所以,该题应选D。,34/48,Translation work:,令人恐怖场景,受了惊吓马,令人失望孩子,感到失望孩子,a,frightening,sight,a,frightened,horse,a,disappointing,child,a,disappointed,child,35/48,Past Participle as the Predicative,Example:,But he became,inspired,when he thought about helping ordinary people.,Now find two more examples in the reading passage,.,36/48,1.,过去分词作表语，表示主语特点或,所处状态，其前系动词有包含,be,在内各种形式。,Everyone present,was very,inspired,at his,speech,听了他讲话，在场全部些人都很振奋。,You seem,frightened,.,你似乎受了惊吓。,37/48,过去分词作表语，强调主语特点或,所处状态；而被动语态中，主语是,动词所表示动作承受者。,This shop is now,closed,这家商店现在已经关门了。,(状态),This shop is,closed,at 6 pm every day,这家商店天天下午,6,点关门。,(动作),2.,过去分词作表语，组成系表结构,与被动语态区分：,38/48,过去分词作表语普通用来,表示感受或状,态,（系动词+过去分词),No wonder he is,excited,!(predicative),能够用作表语常见过去分词有：,delighted,disappointed,upset,astonished,excited,frightened,experienced,interested,qualified,puzzled,exhausted,satisfied,39/48,Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.,1.,丢了钱他自责不已。,He _ about losing the money.,2.,你为何总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡,得好吗？,Why do you always _?,Do you sleep well these days?,got blamed,look so tired,40/48,3.,我对昨晚看电影很失望。我原认为它,能好些。,I _ the film I saw,last night.I had expected it to be better.,4.,听说那位明星死了，人人都很诧异。,Everybody _to hear the,death of the famous film star,was disappointed with,was shocked,41/48,5.,要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。,The children _ going to the zoo,6.,他伤口感染了一个新病毒。,His wound _ a new virus,are really excited about,became infected with,42/48,1._ in the traffic accident _ taken,to hospital.,A.An injured,was,B.The injured,has,C.The injuring,were,D.The injured,have been,Choose the best answer.,43/48,2.The girl _ forward to buying a,new gold watch.,A.referred to look,B.referred to looking,C.referred to looks,D.referring to looks,44/48,3.From the date _ on the gold coin,we decided that it was made 500,years ago.,A.marking,B.marked,C.to be marked,D.having been marked,45/48,4.Experts think that we need to eat,meat because it contains vitamins,and minerals _ in vegetables.,A.not finding,B.not to be found,C.not found,D.which is not found,46/48,5.,The business of on-line shopping so,far has been _ for the sellers who,are already offering their services.,A.disappointed,B.disappointing,C.disappoint,D.to be disappointed,47/48,Thank you.,48/48,
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