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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Unit Three,3.1 Drive Line,1/466,Contents,Pre-questions,II.Text,Explanation,III.Exercises,2/466,How many main units does the drive line assembly consist of?What are they？,The drive line assembly consists of six main units.,They are clutch,transmission,drive shaft,final drive,differential and the driving wheels.,Diagram of car showing clutch location,Pre-questions,3/466,How does the drive line work?,The drive line carries power from the engine crankshaft to the driving wheels,so the wheels rotate and the automobile moves.,Pre-questions,4/466,II.Text Explanation,Fig.3-1 Drive Line,1-clutch;2-transmission;3-universal joint;4-final drive;,5-differential;6-drive shaft,5/466,The typical drive line comprises clutch,transmission,drive shaft,final drive,differential and the driving wheels.,译文：经典传动系统普通包含离合器、变速器、传动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动轮等六部分。,II.Text Explanation,6/466,When you lift the clutch pedal,springs force the pressure plate and clutch plate against the flywheel.,译文：当抬起踏板时，压缩弹簧将压盘和从动盘推向飞轮。,II.Text Explanation,7/466,A manual transmission requires a clutch to apply and remove the engine torque to the transmission input shaft.,译文：手动变速器需要用离合器来把发动机转矩施加给变速器输入轴或从变速器输入轴撤消。,II.Text Explanation,8/466,When the car is on straight road,the ring gear,differential case,differential pinion gears,and two differential side gears all turn as a unit without any relative motion.,译文：汽车在直线行驶时，齿圈、差速器壳、差速器行星齿轮和两个差速器半轴齿轮作为一个整体运转，而无任何相对运动。,II.Text Explanation,9/466,The drive shafts are usually hollow in order to weigh less,but of a large diameter so that they are strong.,译文：传动轴通常是空心以减轻重量，但直径比较大使它有足够强度,。,II.Text Explanation,10/466,III.Exercises,manual transmission,reverse idler gears,gear ratios,drive shaft,clutch plate,differential,universal joint,coil spring,pressure plate,synchronizer,手动变速器,倒档齿轮,齿轮齿数比,传动轴,离合器片,差速器,万向节,螺旋弹簧,压盘,同时器,I.Translate the following expressions into Chinese.,11/466,III.Exercises,II.Identify the English names of the drive line according to the picture.,1 engine;2 transmission;3 drive shaft;4 driving wheel;,5clutch;6 universal joint;7final drive,12/466,III.Exercises,III.,Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.,The(,differential,)system is part of the rear-axle-housing(,assembly,),which includes the differential,(,rear axles,),wheel and(,bearings,).,If the automobile were to be driven in a(,straight,)line without having to make turns,then no differential would be necessary.However,when the automobile rounds a turn,the(,outer,)wheel must travel farther than the(,inner,)wheel.The differential(,permits,)the two rear wheels to rotate(,different,)amounts when the automobile goes around a turn,while still(,delivering,)power to both rear wheels.,13/466,III.Exercises,IV.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.,1.Although there are many types of clutch,the dry single plate type of traction clutch is used almost exclusively in passenger cars.,2.The pressure on driven disk fitted onto the splined portion of shaft is provided by springs installed between the housing and pressure driving disks.,3.The universal joint or U-joints is used to connect the dive shaft to the transmission output shaft and the differential pinion gear shaft.,14/466,1.即使离合器种类很多，但客车上采取最多还是单片干式离合器。,2.从动盘安装在传动轴花键槽内，从动盘上压力来自弹簧弹力，这些弹簧安装在离合器壳和主动盘之间。,3.万向节将动力输入轴、动力输出轴和差速器齿轮轴连接在一起。,15/466,V.,Translate the following sentences into English.,1.假如快速运转发动机突然与静止车辆传动系相连接，就会产生强烈冲击。,2.离合器是一个用以连接和分离发动机和变速器装置。,3.装有自动变速器汽车普通不需要离合器。,16/466,1.It will have a strong impact when the spinning engine connects the stationary transmission.,2.The clutch is a device which is designed to connect and disconnect the engine and the transmission.,3.There is not clutch when the automobile equip automatic transmission.,17/466,Thank You!,18/466,Unit Three,3.2 Clutch,19/466,Contents,Pre-questions,II.Text,Explanation,III.Exercises,20/466,What will you do when you move the car？,What will you do when you change gears?,Start the car,Release parking brake,and the clutch pedal and,push down gas,First gear,Neutral position,Depress the clutch pedal,second gear,Release the clutch pedal,clutch,Depress the clutch pedal,First gear,21/466,Where is the clutch in the automobile?,Diagram of car showing clutch location,A-engine,B-clutch,C-clutch pedal,D-manual,transmission,Pre-questions,22/466,What is the function of the clutch?,Connect or disconnect the power from the engine to the drive line.,Pre-questions,23/466,How many main parts does the clutch consist of?,driving members,driven members,control mechanisms,pressing mechanisms,Pre-questions,24/466,In a car,you need a clutch because the engine,spins,all the time,but the cars wheels do not.,spin,spin,vt.&vi.,使旋转,译文：汽车上需要一个离合器，因为发动机一直在旋转，而车轮却不是（一直旋转）。,II.Text Explanation,25/466,In order to stop without killing the engine,the wheels need to be disconnected from the engine,somehow,.,somehow 以某种方式，不知怎么,译文：为了使停车时发动机不熄火，车轮需要以某种方式与发动机断开连接。这句话中killing the engine 表示使发动机熄火,II.Text Explanation,26/466,Somehow,我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。,We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.,不知怎么地我们迷了路。,Somehow we lost our way.,27/466,The clutch（shown in Fig.3-2）allows us to smoothly engage a,spinning,engine to a,non-spinning,transmission by controlling the,slippage,between them.,slippage slipid,n.,滑动,译文：离合器（图3-2所表示）允许我们将旋转发动机和不转变速器平稳地连接起来，这种连接经过控制它们之间相对滑动来实现。,II.Text Explanation,28/466,Fig.3-2 Clutch,1-pressure plate;2-driven disk;3-flywheel;4-clutch cover,29/466,Most cars equipped with a manual transmission use a,single clutch disc,a,diaphragm type spring,，a,pressure plate,and,clutch cover,assembly,a clutch,release bearing,and a clutch,release fork,.,single clutch disc 单片离合器盘,diaphragm type spring 膜片式弹簧,pressure plate 压盘,clutch cover 离合器盖,release bearing 分离轴承,release fork 分离叉,II.Text Explanation,30/466,driven disk,31/466,Pressure plate and cover,cover,pressure plate,flywheel,32/466,release levers and release yoke,release levers,release yoke,33/466,The clutch has a,clutch disc,as its major part,and the clutch disc consists of a,circular,metal plate attached to a,reinforced splined hub,.,circular,s:kjul,adj.,圆形,环形;循环,reinforce,ri:n,f:s,vt.,增强;加强,splined hub 花键毂,译文：离合器有一个离合器盘作为主要部件，离合器盘包含一个圆形金属盘，它与强化花键毂连接在一起。attached,to a,reinforced splined hub 是过去分词短语作状语修饰metal plate,II.Text Explanation,34/466,The splined hub is,free,to slide,lengthwise,along the splines of the transmission input shaft.,lengthwise,lewaiz,adv.,纵长地,纵向地,译文：（离合器）花键毂能够沿着变速器输入轴花键自由滑动。,II.Text Explanation,35/466,In its operating position in the engine/transmission linkup,the clutch disc is,sandwiched,between the engine flywheel and clutch pressure plate.,sandwich,snwid,n.,三明治,vt.,1,把夹在之间,2,挤在中间,译文：在发动机和变速器接合状态下，离合器盘被夹在发动机飞轮和离合器压盘之间,。,II.Text Explanation,36/466,sandwich,把一片火腿夹在两片面包之间就做成了火腿三明治。,To make a ham sandwich you put a slice of ham between two slices of bread.,在公共汽车上,他被挤在两个胖女人中间。,He was sandwiched between two very fat women on the bus.,37/466,The clutch fork and linkage provide,the means of,converting the,up-and-down,movement of the clutch pedal to the,back-and-forth,movement of the clutch release bearing assembly.,means,mi:nz,n.,方法,伎俩,译文：离合器分离叉和连接件提供了将离合器踏板上下运动转化为离合器分离轴承机构前后运动一个方法。,II.Text Explanation,38/466,means,科学家们正在为创造一个能储存这种动力方法而工作。,Scientists are working to devise a means of storing this type of power.,39/466,diaphragm-spring type,coil-pressure-spring type,40/466,III.Exercises,clutch release fork,drive train,driving axles,pressure plate,diaphragm type,splined hub,coil spring,diaphragm release fingers,friction disks,engagement and disengagement,分离叉,传动系,传动轴,压盘,膜片式,花键毂,螺旋弹簧,膜片弹簧分离杠杆,摩擦盘,分离和接合,I.Translate the following expressions into Chinese.,41/466,II.Identify the English names of clutch according to the picture.,1-friction disk,2-spring,3-splined hub,4-driven disk,5-pressure plate,6-locating studs,7-diaphragm spring,8-fulcrum ring,9-clutch cover,III.Exercises,42/466,III.Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.,The clutch release mechanism can be operated either(,mechanically,)or(,hydraulically,).The mechanically operated release mechanism consists of a(,pedal,),a(,return spring,),a shaft with lever,a rod,a release yoke(,lever,),a release yoke,a release ball bearing with support and a clutch release spring.,43/466,When the clutch pedal is(,depressed,),the rod and shaft with yoke shift the release bearing and support(,assembly,).The release bearing presses the inner ends of the release levers,the pressure(,driven,)is moved away from the(,plate,)disk and the clutch is disengaged.To (,engage,)the clutch,the pedal is released,the release bearing and support assembly is shifted back by the return spring thus releasing the releasing levers so that the pressure plate is forced by its springs towards the flywheel to clamp the driven disk and engage the clutch.,44/466,IV.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.,1.The clutch is a device used to provide smooth engagement and disengagement of engine and transmission.,2.Every vehicle has an engine which provides the starting power,but the engine develops little power or torque at low rpm,and must gain speed before it moves a vehicle.,3.If the rapidly rotating engine was suddenly connected to the driveline of a stationary vehicle,the engagement would not be soft.,45/466,1.离合器是一个用以平稳连接和分离发动机和变速器装置。,2.每辆汽车都有一个提供动力发动机，不过发动机在低速转动时几乎不产生动力或扭矩，而且发动机必须快速转动才能推进车辆前进。,3.假如快速转动发动机突然与静止车辆驱动系统相连，这种接合就不会柔和。,46/466,V.Translate the following sentences into English.,1.经过离合器动力输出主要是由与发动机曲轴相连一个或多个驱动元件与一个或多个动力输入轴相连驱动元件相接触形成。,2.沿压盘和离合器之间圆周均匀分布弹簧夹住压盘与飞轮之间从动盘。,3.汽车离合器在结构上都很相同，只是在压紧机构和分离机构细节上稍有不一样。,47/466,1.Power output by the clutch is mainly driven by the formation of tangency between one or more drive components connected to the engine crankshaft and others connected to the power input shaft.,2.The spring evenly distributed between the circumference of the pressure plate clamps the clutch disc between the flywheel and pressure plate.,3.All automotive clutches are very similar in construction,only different in the details of the pressure-plate assemblies and the separation.,48/466,Thank You!,49/466,Unit Three,3.3 Manual Transmission,50/466,Contents,Pre-questions,II.Text,Explanation,III.Exercises,51/466,What does the manual transmission consist of?,The manual transmission consists of a housing,an input shaft and gear,an output shaft and gear,a counter shaft,a reverse gear,a cluster of gears and a gear shift mechanism.,Diagram of car showing clutch location,Pre-questions,52/466,Whats the function of the gear shift mechanism?,The gear shift mechanism is designed for engaging gears,setting them neutral and engaging the reverse speed.,Pre-questions,53/466,Where is the transmission located in the car?What does it act as?,The transmission is located in the middle of the engine and driving wheels.,It acts as changing the torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft,reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting.,Pre-questions,54/466,II.Text Explanation,Fig.3-3 Manual Transmission,1-shift mechanism;2-shift forks;3-input shaft;4-output shaft;5-counter shaft,55/466,A transmission is a speed and power changing device installed at some point between the engine and driving wheels of the vehicle.,译文：变速器是一个安装在汽车发动机和车轮间某个位置上变换速度和动力装置。,II.Text Explanation,56/466,Two types of transmission are the manual and the automatic.,译文：变速器能够分为手动式和自动式两种。,II.Text Explanation,57/466,The manual transmission consists of a housing,an input shaft and gear,an output shaft and gear,a counter shaft,a reverse gear,a cluster of gears and a gear shift mechanism.,译文：手动式变速器由壳体、输入轴及齿轮、输出轴及齿轮、中间轴、倒档齿轮、齿轮组和换档装置组成。,II.Text Explanation,58/466,The input shaft is made of steel integral with the driving gear and the rim.,译文：输入轴是钢制，与驱动齿轮和齿圈制成一体。,II.Text Explanation,59/466,The gear shift mechanism consists of a lever,shift rails,shift forks,retainers,locks and a reverse speed safety device.,译文：齿轮换挡装置包含换档杆、拨叉轴、换档拨叉、保持架、换档锁和倒档安全装置。,II.Text Explanation,60/466,III.Exercises,parking or coasting,neutral position,tractive resistance,counter shaft,reverse gear,splined portion of the shaft,in the bore of the crankshaft,reverse speed safety device,shift lever,spherical bulb,停车或滑行,空挡位,牵引阻力,中间轴,反转齿轮,轴花键部分,曲轴孔内,倒档速度安全装置,拨叉轴,球形座孔,I.Translate the following expressions into Chinese.,61/466,III.Exercises,II.Identify the English names of the manual transmission according to the picture.,1-input shaft;2-sleeve;3-output shaft;,4-reverse shaft;5-idler shaft;6-gear,62/466,III.Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.,As we know,an engine can(,generate,)only limited torque at low speeds.Driving condition is very complicated and this requires the(,tractive,)effort and speed vary in a large scope.And without sufficient(,torque,),moving a heavily loaded vehicle from a standing start is impossible.In any engine,the crankshaft always rotates in the same(,direction,).If the engine(,transmits,)its power directly to the drive axles,the wheels could be(,driven,)only in one direction.,63/466,Given a level road,an automobile without a transmission could be made to move by(,accelerating,)the engine and(,engaging,)the clutch.However,a start under these conditions would be slow,(,noisy,)and uncomfortable.In addition,it would place a(,tremendous,)strain on the engine and driving parts of the automobile.,64/466,IV.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.,Most automobile manual transmissions allow the driver to select any forward gear at any time,but some,such as those commonly mounted on motorcycles and some types of racing cars,only allow the driver to select the next-higher or next-lower gear ratio.,Manual transmissions are characterized by gear ratios that are selectable by locking selected gear pairs to the output shaft inside the transmission.,Contemporary automotive manual transmissions are generally available with four to six forward gears and one reverse gear,although manual transmissions have been built with as few as two and as many as eight gears.,65/466,1.大多数汽车手动变速器，允许司机随时选择任意前进档位，但也有例外，安装在摩托车和一些赛车上手动变速器，只允许司机选择次高档或次低级。,2.手动变速器特点主要是：传动比选择由安装在变速箱内部与输出轴相连特定齿轮副确定。,3.当代汽车手动变速器普通设置四至六个前进档和一个倒档，齿轮数普通有二至八个。,66/466,V.Translate the following sentences into English.,1.变速器是用来改变发动机曲轴送到驱动轴转矩，完成倒车和在汽车长时间停车或滑行时分离发动机和动力传动系统装置。,2.变速器中间轴齿轮与主动齿轮是常啮合。,3.换档装置经过变换齿轮啮合，实现前进档、空档和倒档之间变换。,67/466,1.The transmission is designed for changing the torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft,reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting.,2.The idler shaft gear and the driving gear are in constant mesh.,3.The gear shift mechanism completes the conversion among forward,neutral and reverse position to change gearing.,68
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