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1. It is _______ outside. Let’s put on our raincoats and go out, Tom.
A. cold B. hot C. sunny D. rainy
2. —_______ do you _______ about spring?
—The flowers and the green trees.
How, like B. How, think
C. What, think D. What, like
3. —What’s your sister like?
—_______.
A. She is a worker B. She likes pears
C. She is very thin D. She is like her father
4. —It’s too hot. Would you mind _______ the door?
—_______. Please do it now.
A. to open, OK B. opening, Certainly not
C. opening, Of course D. to open, Good idea
5. —If you have any trouble, be sure to call me.
—_______.
I am glad to hear that
B. I will. thank you very much.
C. I have no trouble
D. I will think it over
6. We should keep _______ in the reading-room.
A. quite B. quietly
C. quiet D.quickly
7. The light in the room wasn’t _______for me to read.
A. enough bright B. brightly enough
C. enough brightly D. bright enough
8. She is _______of the two.
A. the cleverest B. the cleverer
C. the clever D. cleverest
9. —How far is the factory from here?
—It’s about 4 kilometres _______.
A. far B. long
C. away D. near
10. —Do you have enough men to carry these chairs?
—No. I think we need _______ men.
A. another B. other two
C. more two D. two more
If you give us another twenty minutes (= twenty more minutes), we will finish the work. 如果你再给我们二十分钟,我们就可以完成这项工作。
11. He is taller than _______ girl in his class.
A. any B. other
C. any other D. another
12. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _______ voice.
A. the best B. a best C. the better D. a better
12. _______ fathers made them have piano lessons.
A. Peter and Ann’s B. Peter’s and Ann’s
C. Peter’s and Ann D. Peter and Ann
2. There are a lot _______ people today than yesterday.
A. of B. / C. most D. more
1. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______ second.
A. / B. the C. a D. an
2. _______ India and China are of _______ same continent.
A. /; the B. The ; the C. /; / D. /; a
—You’re very ______, aren’t you? —Yes. Our team has won the game.
A. happy B. worried C. sad D. afraid
—Your spoken English is much better! —______.
A. Oh, no B. You’re right
C. thank you
B. D. Not at all
1. I hear someone _______at the door. Please go and see who _______ is.
A. knock, he B. knocking, he
C. knock, it D. knocking, it
2. Lucy and I are classmates. We _______ in Class One.
A. all are B. are all C. both are D. are both
3. There is _______ egg at home. Will you please get _______ for me, please?
A. no, some B. not, some C. not any, any D. not an, any
4. —A latest English newspaper, please!
—Only one copy left. Would you like to have _______, sir?
A. one B. this C. that D. it
1. —Don’t make any noise in the living room! My baby is sleeping.
—_______.
A. Sorry, I won’t B. It doesn’t matter
C. Excuse me, I’m wrong D. Certainly, I won’t
2. —I haven’t seen Jack for three days, is he ill?
—_______. His mother told me that he was in hospital.
A. I am afraid so B. I hope not
C. I don’t expect D. I am afraid not
3. —Excuse me. May I use your computer?
—_______. It’s broken.
A. Sure B. Yes, here you are
C. With pleasure D. I’m afraid not
4. —Can I get you something to drink, Mr Smith?
—_______. I am thirsty.
A. Here you are B. No, thank you
C. You’re welcome D. Yes, please
5. —Your sweater is very beautiful, Joan!
—_______.
A. thank you all the same B. Not at all
C. Just so-so D. thank you
6. —What do you do? —_______.
A. I am thirteen B. I work hard
C. I’m fine D. I’m a student
8. —Hello. May I speak to Mr. Wang?
—Who’s calling, please.
—_______.
A. I’m Mr. Wang B. Mr. Wang is here
C. This is Mr. Wang speaking D. Mr. Wang is calling
9. —I fell and hurt my leg just not.
—_______.
A. Be careful B. It doesn’t matter
C. I’m sorry to hear that D. Nothing serious
10. —_______.
—thank you very much. I will.
A. Congratulations! B. Best wishes to you
C. Please say hello to your family.
D. What a good wish to your family!
备考现在完成时的六个要点
现在完成时是初中英语中最重要也是最难掌握的一个时态,同时它也是中考英语中一个最重要的时态考点,许多同学们对现在完成的用法似懂非懂,具体做题时也往往是跟着感觉走。本文结合初中英语的教学内容和中考英语的考查特点,为同学们归纳学好定语从句必须注意的五个方面,供大家参考。
一、弄清基本构成方法
现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词”构成。其中的have / has 为助动词,构成疑问句时,可将其提前;构成否定句时,可直接在其后加not。
二、掌握两种主要用法
现在完成时主要有两种用法,一种是已完成用法,也叫影响性用法;另一种是未完成用法,也叫持续性用法。两种用法的特点是:
1. 已完成用法(影响性用法):该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如:
She has left. 她离开了。(对现在的影响或结果:她现在不在这儿。)
Has she found her car key? 她找到她的车钥匙了吗?(对现在的影响或结果:她能开她的车了吗?)
I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。(对现在的影响或结果:现在我没事了。)
He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。(对现在的影响或结果:他现在一定很饿。)
2. 未完成用法(持续性用法):该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。如:
How have you been? 你近来怎样?
She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的老师。
How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久了?
They have been married for ten years. 他们结婚已经10年了。
I’ve known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。
注:除以上用法外,现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来动作。如:
He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。
I’ll go to bed when I’ve finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉了。
三、注意通常连用的副词
现在完成时通常连用的副词有already, never, ever, just, before, recently等。如:
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
He has never driven a car before. 他过去从未开过车。
Have you ever been a teacher? 你当过教师吗?
She’s just been to a party. 她刚参加一个晚会回来。
I’ve just had some photos taken. 我刚照了几张相。
但是,若不强调动作对现在的影响,这些副词也可用一般过去时。如:
He just arrived in Japan. 他刚到日本。
Such things didn’t happen before. 那样的事以前没有发生过。
I hear that he went abroad recently. 我听说他最近出国了。
四、注意since与现在完成时的关系
since不管用作介词、连词还是副词,句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时。如:
I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她
I met him in 1975 and haven't seen him since. 1975年我见过他,但自那以后就一直未见到他。
We have been good friends since we met at school. 自从读书相识以来,我们一直是好朋友。
注:表示时间长度时,通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如:
It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了。
It’s about six months since we arrived here. 我们到这里大约有半年了。
五、注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆,其区别是:前者强调对现在的影响和结果,后者不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如:
I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)
I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)
Has he got up? 他起来了吗? (着眼现在情况)
Did you get up very early? 你起来很早吗? (着眼动作本身)
I’ve got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样)
I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那听来的。(单纯谈论动作)
六、掌握have been to 和have gone to的用法区别
两者均可后接地点,前者表示去过某地,通常可与表示次数的状语连用;后者表示到某地去了,强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。比较:
She has been to Europe twice. 她到欧洲去过两次。
She has gone to Europe. 她到欧洲去了。(即现在不在这儿)
注:若其后不是接名词,而是接副词,则不用to。如:
He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。
He has gone home. 他回家去了。
做好选择填空的六项注意
1. 注意暗示的语言信息
当今许多考题不再像以往那样直抒题意,而是把题置于一个特定的环境。这样的选择题常在题干上附带文字信息。这种信息就是答题的关键,所以要认真研究暗示信息,结合所学知识点,选出最佳答案。例如:
(1) Is there ______ food in the fridge?I’m hungry.
A. some B. any C. something D. anything
本题是考查不定代词的用法,从题干上可知C、D不作定语,应考虑A、B两个选项,这时就需要领会附加成分I’m hungry. 的含义,它的意思是“我饿了。”,言下之意希望冰箱里有食物,即希望肯定回答,故选A。
(2) ______ have you been to Xi’an?
—Twice. (from )
A. How soon B. How m any times
C. How often D. How long
本题主要是对疑问词的考查,由于A用于将来时态,D用于表段时间,本题只有在B、C中选择了。有的同学一见Twice就会选C,本题的关键也确实在Twice这个附加成分上,仔细分析Twice,它表示“两次”,并不是多久两次,故选B。
2. 注意思维定势的影响
“思维定势”在这里是指我们习惯的思维方式,学生往往受所谓“语法习惯,固定搭配”等思维方式的影响,凭借自己“丰富”的解题经验,盲目地选择答案。当然,凭经验有一定的快速答题优势,但它有时又往往干扰考生做题。做这样的题,我们要仔细分析题干,找准考点并逐个排除选出最佳答案。例如:
(1) There are a lot ____ people today than yesterday.
A. of B. most C. / D. more
有的同学一看此题,就会认为选A,因为是固定搭配a lot of。如果我们仔细分析一下题干可知,此句有一连词than引导的比较状语从句,这是个比较结构,排除A、C项,B是最高级应排除,故答案理所当然应选D。本题的考查点应是副词a lot修饰比较级m ore,意为“多得多”。
(2) Shanghai is larger than ____ city in New Zealand.
A. any other B. other C. all other D. any
此题是考查比较级句型,很多考生就容易误选A,因为“比较级+than any other +名词”这一比较模式在学生的思维中已成定式,印象很深。可是新西兰这个国家与上海所在国家(中国)不是同一地理范围,上海不是与本国的城市相比,而是与它国的城市相比,不必排除“自身”这个比较对象。不必加other一词。故本题选D。
3. 注意英语习惯表达,排除母语干扰
由于英美人的文化习俗和我们中国人不一样,因此在不同的场合,不同的时间,对待不同的事情,我们不能想当然按我们的思维方式答题,而应该用英美人的思维方式。例如:
(1) —Would you like some more fish?
—______, I’m full.
A. Yes, please B. No, thanks
C. No, I won’t have it D. Yes, I won’t to
本题考查英语的口语表达习惯,在西方国家,想接受或拒绝对方盛情时用“Yes,please.”或“No,thanks.”,由题意应选B。而很多学生受母语“我想要”或“不想”的影响,易误选C。
(2) —You are a beautiful girl. —_____.
A. No,I am not beautiful B. thank you
C. Not at all D. I’m not so beautiful as you.
本题应选B。根据英美人士的习惯,当别人夸奖或赞美你时,你不应过分谦虚,而应该表示感谢以示礼貌和自信(尽管明知自己在此方面不行),千万别受母语影响,说一些自谦的话而选A或C。
4. 注意一些特殊的语法现象
在英语中,有一些看似不和常理的特殊用法,很容易给学生造成误解而答错题。例如:
(1) I will ring you up when I ____ Wuhan tomorrow.
A. will reach B. reached C. reaches D. reach
本题考查的是动词时态,有些同学一见从句后有tom orrow,就选A,实际上在我们学习语法知识时有这样一条“如果主句是一般将来时态、情态动词加动词原形、祈使句时,由if引导的条件状语从句和when,until,be-fore,after,as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时”。所以本题应选D。
(2) He told m e that the sun ____ in the east.
A. rose B. had risen C. rises D. have risen
本题是考查动词的时态,有些同学认为当主句是过去式时,宾语从句应是与过去有关的各种时态,很容易选B。如果我们仔细分析一下that引导的宾语从句,就可知“太阳从东方升起”应是一种自然现象。我们都知道表述客观真理、自然现象和客观规律时,不受其他条件影响一律用一般现在时,故本题应选C。
5. 注意一些其他学科知识对答题的影响
有些同学在做题时,往往英语意思明白,可是由于其他(如:天文、地理、历史、生活等)知识欠佳而失分。英语和汉语一样都是人们用于学习其他知识的工具,所以我们不能为学英语而学英语,而应把它加以运用。例如:
(1) The People’s Republic of China was founded.
A. on October 1, 1949 B. 1949, on October 1
C. in October 1, 1949 D. 1949, in October 1
(2) Which is ____, the moon or the earth?
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
显而易见,题1涉及历史知识“中华人民共和国建立于1949年10月1日”,根据这一历史知识应选A。题2涉及的是天文知识“地球与月亮哪个大”,两者相比用比较级,故本题选B。
6. 熟记语法知识,注意习惯用法
近年来,有的中考题淡化了语法知识考查,但记牢最基本的语法知识仍有利于我们理解题意和答题。
The farm ers are all busy ____ apples.
A. pick B. to pick C. picking D. to picking
根据语法知识,be busy的习惯用法是be busy后接动词-ing形式。故本题应选C。像这样的固定用法还有enjoy doing sth, keep(sb /sth )doing sth, finish doing sth, can’t help doing sth, feel like doing sth, m ind doing sth, prerfer doing sth to doing sth 等等。
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