生词核心词汇与短语.doc

生词核心词汇与短语
（一）核心词汇
catastrophic a. 悲惨的，灾难性的重大的
A tidal wave caused by the earthquake hit the coast causing catastrophic damage.
由地震引发的潮汐袭击海岸，造成了灾难性的破坏。
Many scientists predict that global warming is potentially catastrophic to human beings.许多科学家预测全球气候变暖可能给人类带来严重后果。
In recent years this region has witnessed a number of catastrophic sandstorms.
近年来，这个地区发生了多次特大沙尘暴。
【派生】catastrophically adv. 灾难性地; 特大地
menace n. 威胁，危险讨厌的或危险的人/物v. 威胁, 恐吓危及
In the difficult fight against the new menace of international terrorism there is nothing more crucial than timely and accurate intelligence.
在艰难对付新出现的国际恐怖主义威胁中，没有什么比及时准确的情报更重要。
Drunk driving is a menace to all road users.
醉酒驾驶对于路上所有车辆和行人都构成威胁。
That woman is a menace! Keep her away from this machine!
那个女人真讨厌! 别让她靠近这部机器!
The people in this region have been menaced by the threat of war.本地区人民一直受到战争的威胁。
It is said A type H1N1 flu is menacing many cities of the country. 据说甲型H1N1 流感正威胁这个国家的许多城市。
【用法】 (a) menace to sb/sth对...具有威胁的人或事物
to menace ... with/by sth 威胁﹑恐吓﹑危及（某人/某事）
【辨析】threaten v. 这个词做"威胁"的时候和menace是同义词, 但是threaten to do sth 表示威胁说要去做什么事，如threaten to kill sb 威胁说要杀了某人
intimidate v. 恐吓,胁迫，强调通过某种方式迫使人做或不做某事，例如
intimidate a witness into silence 恐吓目击者使其保持沉默
【派生】menacingly adv 威胁地; 恐吓地
lull n. (风暴或噪音)平息,减弱间歇，暂停平静时期 v.使平静哄骗
There was a lull in political violence after the election of the current president.
此次总统选举之后政治暴力出现了暂时的平静。
By dawn the wind had lulled.到黎明时风已停了。
I just couldn't bear the lulls in the conversation.
我简直不能忍受谈话期间出现的沉寂。
She was lulled to sleep by the gentle rhythm of the boat in the water. 小船在水中的轻柔而有节奏的摆动使她睡着了。
The police lulled me into believing that they did not suspect us.警察诱使我相信他们并没怀疑我们。
【用法】lull sb/sth into （doing）sth哄骗某人（相信）, 消除（某人的恐惧感等）（尤指藉哄骗）, 例如 lull her into a false sense of security 哄骗使她以为很安全；
the lull before the storm 暴风雨前的沉寂
【派生】lullaby n. 催眠曲, 摇篮曲
deceptive a. 欺骗性的，欺诈的迷惑的虚伪的，不实的
Appearances are often deceptive.外表往往是靠不住的。
Her simple style is deceptive: what she says is very profound.她的工作方法看似简单, 实际上她说的话很有深度。
Deceptive advertising has damaged the company's image among the consumers. 做虚假广告已损坏了该公司在消费者中的形象。
【辨析】deceitful a.骗人的,不正直的,欺诈的，该词多用于人，例如No one can admire a deceitful boy. 没有人会赏识爱骗人的孩子。
【派生】deception n. 欺骗; 诡计
deceptively ad.欺骗地,虚假地
deceptiveness n. 迷惑骗人; 欺诈; 虚伪
far-reaching a.伸至远处的, 广大的 (影响)深远的，广泛的
Chinese President Hu's visit to Japan is set to have far-reaching impact on the Japan-China relationship during a long period in the future.中国胡主席对日本的访问必将在未来很长一段时间对日中关系产生深远影响。
These two companies reached an agreement on a far-reaching collaboration.
两家公司在广泛合作的基础上达成了的协议。
They had a good discussion on how to make far-reaching plans for curriculum development.他们认真讨论了如何制定出课程发展的长远计划
address v. 向...致辞, 演讲，演说写地址（图书、文章等）讨论（某主题）提出，提交从事, 忙于称呼
The Queen addressed the crowd as usual. 女王照例向群众发表了讲话。
I have the honor of introducing to you Mr. Smith, who will address you on his recent tour abroad.
我荣幸地向你们介绍史密斯先生, 他将向你们谈谈他最近的国外之行。
She addressed herself to all of us. 她是针对大家而说的。
The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson. 信封上写着杰克·约翰逊先生收。
He is determined to address himself to the key difficult problems in the process of production. 他下决心致力于解决生产过程中的关键难题。
If your friend did something wrong, you should always address a warning to him.如果你的朋友做错了什么, 应当时常向他提出警告。
Don't address me as ‘boss’. 不要叫我“老板”。
【用法】address一词使用搭配非常灵活，一定要注意通过语境来判断词义。例如
address a meeting / the chair 对大会讲话/ 对主席说话
address a letter 在信上写明住址
address oneself to sb.对...说; 跟...谈; 与...通信(正式)
address oneself to a problem 致力于，把注意力放在...
address a problem/ an issue 处理问题
address the needs of sb. 满足他人的要求
address sb。by his/ her official title 称呼某人的官衔
address one's thanks to the host 向主人表示感谢
conviction n. 判罪，定罪深信，确信信仰，信念
It's my conviction that complacency is at the root of our troubles.
我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源。
Do you always act in accordance with your convictions?
你是否一贯地本着你的信念行事?
She'd made such promises before, and they lacked conviction/didn't carry much conviction.她以前也作过这样的许诺, 但都不足信。
“We shall, sir,'” said Thorne, with conviction.
“我们会的，长官”，塞恩语气肯定地说。
This man has six convictions for theft. 此人有六次因盗窃而被判刑。
【用法】be open to conviction 服理，能接受意见
carry conviction 有说服力，令人信服
【派生】convict v. 证明有罪，宣判有罪；使服罪 n. 罪犯，囚犯

yield v. 生出、产生或提供（自然产物、结果或利润）屈服；让步（受外力）变形，弯曲，折断被代替或替换勉强交出n. 收成，产量
The apple trees in the yard no longer yield fruit.园子里的那些苹果树不再结果了。 Last year 10 mus of land yielded a crop worth 12,000 yuan.
去年10亩地产出价值1.2万元的粮食产量。
The local government had to yield to the growing pressure from public opinion at this issue.在这个问题上地方政府不得不向舆论界越来越大的压力让步。
The boy yielded to temptation and had another chocolate.男孩禁不住诱惑, 又吃了一块巧克力。
Despite all our attempts to break it open, the lock would not yield.
尽管我们想方设法要把锁弄断, 它却仍纹丝不动。
The dam eventually yielded and collapsed under the weight of water.
水坝在水的压力下终於决口。
In recent years, farm land is increasingly yielding to property development.
近几年农田逐渐被地产的发展占据了。
After three hours' negotiation, the terrorists agreed to yield two of their hostages (up) to the police.经过三小时的谈判，恐怖分子同意把其中两名人质交给警方。
Polluted water lessens crop yields. 水污染减少了粮食产量。
overwhelm 漫过并淹没，吞没制服，击败控制，压倒（指思想、情绪）使打翻，倾倒
A great mass of water overwhelmed the village.大水淹没了村庄。
In last week's semi-final,the Manchester United overwhelmed Liz by 4-0 .
在上周的半决赛中,曼联队以4比0击败利兹队。
Overwhelmed with gratitude, he fell to his knees.他感激万分, 跪倒在地上。
The small craft was overwhelmed by the enormous waves.
小船被巨大的海浪打翻了。
【用法】(fig比喻) be overwhelmed with grief, sorrow, despair, etc陷入悲哀、悲痛、绝望等之中
be overwhelmed by (the enemy, force, flood) 被击溃/淹没，打翻
overwhelming adj.[通常作定语] 压倒一切的; 势不可挡的; 无法抗拒的; 巨大的:
The task won't seem so overwhelming if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplish steps.如果你把任务分解成小的容易完成的步骤，它就不会感到那么可怕了。
In the beginning of the second marriage, she felt an overwhelming desire to have another child.第二次婚姻起初，她有一种强烈的愿望再生一个孩子。
An overwhelming majority voted against his proposal.
压倒性多数人投票反对他的建议。
【搭配】和overwhelming经常搭配出现的名词有：~ desire, emotion, feeling, longing, need, sense, temptation强烈的愿望（情感，情绪，渴望，感觉，诱惑）
【派生】overwhelmingly adv. 压倒性地; 不可抵抗地

might /mait/ n. 力量, 体力威力,势力强权
I pushed the huge rock with all my might.我用尽全力推那块巨大的岩石。
There should be no fear for the military might of the enemy.
我们不应该惧怕敌人的军事力量。
All that you do, do with your might.做任何事都要不遗余力。
Might is right. (谚) 强权就是公理.
【用法】with all one's might 用所有力气,尽力
with might and main (修辞) 竭尽全力.
【派生】mighty adj. 有势力的; 有力的; 强大的

liquidate v. 偿付,清算（债务\索赔或义务）扫除,清除（尤指杀掉）整理,破产结束
A unanimous vote was taken to liquidate the company.
通过不记名投票方式来决定是否使公司破产。
Quite a number of automobile companies closed down operations and began liquidating its assets in January.好多家汽车公司一月份停止运营,开始清算资产。
Unfortunately I have had to leave my position, as my employers have been forced to liquidate their business due to the worldwide economic adversity. 很不幸，本人不得不离职，因这一次世界性的经济不景气，使我的雇主不得不结束业务。
During the time, Hitler was trying to liquidate all the Jews in Germany.
那时希特勒试图要清除德国境内所有的犹太人。
【用法】 go into liquidation（指公司）关闭，倒闭， 破产.
【派生】liquidator n. 公司债务清算人liquidation n. 偿付, 清盘；了结; 杀害

slate n. 板岩, 石板提名的或候选人的名单 v. 用石板瓦盖（屋顶等）提名,推举某人（任某职位等）预定,定于, 安排在严厉批评
They used to live in a stone-built cottage, with a traditional slate roof.
他们以前住在一个石头做的房子里，房子是传统的石板瓦屋顶.
They failed to present a slate of candidates two days before the open vote.
他们在公开投票前两天还没有把侯选人名单拿出来。
Bromfield was slated to become U.S. Secretary of Agriculture.
布隆姆菲尔德将成为美国农业部长。
Controversial energy measures are slated for Senate debate within days.
数天之内受争议的能源措施问题将会交议院进行辩论。
The drag racing phenomenon got slated by the public.
飙车现象遭到公众的严厉批评。
【用法】 (put sth) on the slate(英，旧式) 记在帐上（以后付款）: I've no change, could you put these eggs on the slate? 我没零钱, 能把这些蛋钱记在帐上吗?
a clean slate（sheet） (习语) 过去工作或操行中无过错的记录，例如：
He came out of prison hoping to start again with a clean sheet.
他出狱后希望重新做人.
wipe the slate clean 勾销过去的错误或过失; 重新开始 例如：
Let's wipe the slate clean and start all over again. 让我们捐弃前嫌，重新开始吧。
【派生】slaty adj板岩的; （似）石板的; 含石板的

Flinch n & v. （因惊奇﹑害怕或疼痛）畏缩, 退缩, 畏首畏尾
The guests were frightened to flinch when the dog was barking at them in front of the fence door.狗在篱笆门前向着客人们狂吠,他们吓得向后缩去。
We shall never flinch from telling the people the whole truth.
我们决不会害怕把全部真相告诉人民。
【用法】 ~ from sth/from doing sth逃避、不做（不愉快的事）

persevere/ / v. 坚持不懈,孜孜不倦固执己见
You'll need to persevere if you want the business to succeed.
要想事业成功, 就得持之以恒。
Police negotiators will persevere with their efforts to free the hostages.
警方谈判人员不会放弃他们解救人质的努力。
He was hopeless at French, but his teacher persevered with him. 他怎么也学不会法语, 可是老师仍锲而不舍地帮助他。
She persevered in her idea despite obvious objections raised by friends.
尽管朋友明确提出反对，她还是坚持自己的观点。
【用法】persevere in (doing) sth 坚持（某个观点）；持之以恒做某事
persevere (with sth/ sb) (通常褒义) 坚持做某事（尤指不畏困难）
【派生】 perseverance n. 坚持不懈; 不屈不挠: perseverance in the face of hardship 面对困苦而百折不挠
persevering adj.坚持的; 不屈不挠的 perseveringly adv.坚持不懈地，持之以恒地

compliment / n &v. 称赞,恭维 致意, 问候(常复数,作为传达音询的一部分) 道贺，祝愿
All men like to hear compliments on their appearance.人人都爱听夸奖自己容貌的话。
She paid me a very charming compliment on my paintings. 她极为赞赏我的画。
These beautiful flowers are a compliment to the gardener's skill.
(比喻) 这些艳丽的花朵就是对园丁技艺的赞美。
(Extend)My compliments to your parents.
向您的父母致意（请转达我对您父母的问候）。
Compliments of the season. 谨致节日的祝贺（如在圣诞节或新年时说的）。
The guests complimented the hostess on her excellent cooking. 客人们夸奖女主人高超的烹饪技术。
【用法】compliment sb (on sth)（对某人）表示赞美或敬佩
to pay a compliment to向…道贺;向…致意
return the compliment 回敬（他人）
【易混】 complement /'kɔmplimənt/ n .补足物; 补语 v.补助; 补足
complementary adj.补充的; 补足的
【派生】complimentary a. 问候的,称赞的,夸奖的; 免费赠送的

venture v. 敢于(去危险的地方), 敢说（某话）, 敢做冒...的危险,冒险冒昧, 斗胆, 胆敢(谦语) n. (有风险的)工作项目或事业商业, 企业
The mouse never ventured far from its hole.老鼠从来不敢离开窝太远。
“I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman”
“我冒昧地猜测，那个写下如此多诗歌的无名氏多半是个女人
I ventured a small bet on the horse.我在那匹马上下了一小笔赌注。
Nothing venture, nothing gain/`win. Or：Nothing ventured ,nothing gained.
(谚) 不敢冒险就一事无成; 不入虎穴, 焉得虎子。
This newly-opened bookshop is their latest (joint) business venture.这个新开的书店是他们最新的（合资）经营项目。
【搭配】at a venture(正式，习语) 碰巧；胡乱地；随意地
venture a question,statement or an opinion,objection, explanation敢于提问/陈述观点,表明观点、表示异议﹑进行辩解
venture sth on sth 在...方面冒着受损失或失败的风险
venture on/upon sth; venture to do something; venture into an activity 敢于尝试做某事
venture into/beyond/out of (a place) 冒险进入/离开某个地方
venture capital 风险资本, 创业基金；venture capitalist 风险投资家
a joint venture 合资企业
【近义】adventure n. 冒险(经历),奇遇
【派生】 venturesome adj.(文) （指人）好冒险的, 大胆的;（指行动或行为）有危险的，冒险的
station n. 位置, 岗位地位, 身份局, 站，所，台（陆军或海军）驻地vt. 驻扎,派驻安置
Going regularly to the parties offers opportunities to meet people in all stations of life.
经常去参加宴会有机会结识各个阶层的人士。
He has ideas above his station. 他的思想超越了自己的地位。
He's returning to his army station tomorrow morning. 他准备明天上午回驻地。
Their regiment is stationed in Cyprus.他们的团驻扎在塞浦路斯。
The detective stationed himself among the bushes.那个侦探藏在灌木丛中。
【搭配】a police /fire station派出所、消防站 a radar station雷达站 an agricultural research station农业研究所 a nuclear `power station 核电站petrol/filling/gas station 加油站service station汽车服务站 space station太空站weather station 气象站

<二> 常用短语 ：
ups and downs （非正式） 沉浮，兴衰，沧桑，起起落落
The company has had its share of ups and downs, but it seems to be doing well now. 公司经历了一些起起落落，但是现在似乎好起来了。
Sitting beside the window, he recalled the ups and downs of his parenthood.
他坐在窗边，回忆起自己为人之父的沧桑经历。

turn up 开大（音量）露面,来到,出现(被)发现,找到挖掘,暴露竖起,摺起改短（股票等）上扬, 反弹, 升值
Can you turn the volume up a bit，I can't hear clearly ?
We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7.30, but he failed to turn up.
我们约定7点30分在电影院见面, 但他没来。
The documents finally turned up in a shelf along the corridor.
这些文件最后在走廊的一个书架上找到的。
He turned up his jacket collar against the cold.他竖起上衣领抵御寒气。
These trousers are too long; they'll need turning up/to be turned up.
这条裤子太长, 需要改短些。
The statistics shows that the foreign investment in the this quarter is turning up sharply.
统计显示此季度海外投资额急遽增长。

bring up 培养, 养育；教育把（士兵、枪炮等）调往前线呕吐使注意某物提出使某人出庭受审使达到（认可的水平或标准)
These kids have been brought up on a diet of junk food and endless television.
这些孩子们是在吃垃圾食品和无休止地看电视中长大的。
Our parents brought us up to believe in our own abilities.
我们的父母从小教育我们要相信自己的能力。
We need to bring up more tanks. 我们需要多调些坦克到前线。
Brown said the issue would be brought up again at the next board meeting.
布朗说这个问题下次董事会上还要再提出来。
He was brought up on a charge of drunken driving.他被控醉酒驾车而出庭受审。
The boy had a sandwich for lunch and promptly brought it up again.
那个男孩午饭吃了个三明治,很快就吐了出来。
Working in the slums constantly brought her up against the realities of poverty.
贫民区的工作不断地要她正视贫困的现实。
【搭配】be brought up on something 以...为生长大
bring sb up against a problem 使某人面临或面对某事物
bring sb/sth up to (an acceptable level or standard) 使达到（认可的水平或标准）
a well-/badly-brought up child有教养的/教养不良的孩子

put through 使经历(不愉快或困难的事)实行，完成使接受测试、试验使通过；接通（电话） 供某人上（某学校）
That accident has put his family through much suffering.
那次事故让他全家承受了不少苦头.
They really put Jones through it when the reports were late.
他们的报告交来晚了，着实让琼斯很不愉快。
The government is putting through some radical social reforms.
政府正在实行某些彻底的社会改革。
After a hard negotiation, they put through a business deal.
经过一番艰难的谈判，他们完成了一笔交易。
The drug has been put through numerous trials.这种药已经做过多次试验。
Could you put me through to the manager, please? 劳驾请经理接电话。
Their huge majority means they can put through virtually any legislation they want.
他们占了绝对多数，这意味着他们实际上可以让任何希望通过的法规得以通过。
He put three of his children through boarding-school.
他把三个孩子都送进了寄宿学校。
【搭配】put someone through hell使某人经历极端不愉快的事\倍受煎熬
put someone through it使某人经受不愉快的经历
put someone through school/university/college 供某人上学

make out 辨明或看清理解，了解写出或填写设法应付，活下来，过活声称；试图证明
I could barely make out the traffic signs through the rain.
在雨中我几乎看不清交通标志。
What a strange person she is! I can't make out what she is saying at all.
她这个人真怪! 我根本不能理解她在说些什么。
Having asked some questions and felt my pulse, the doctor made me out prescription.
医生问了几个问题,摸了脉搏, 然后给我开了一个处方。
How is Frank making out in his new job? 福兰克的新工作进展如何?
He made out that he had been robbed.他声称说他遭到抢劫。
She's not as rich as people make her out to be.她并不像人们说的那么富有。

give in 递交；呈送停止反对，让步投降,屈服
Tony came to the class with a piece of work he should have given in last week.
托尼带着上周本该要交的作业来到教室。
The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnapper's demands.
当局对绑架者的要求丝毫没有让步的迹象。
She's a gutsy player, she never gives in.她是个勇敢的选手, 从不屈服。

stand in the gap 勇敢捍卫；挺身阻挡；首当其冲；独当难局；勇挑重担
These are the people who move China by standing in the gap for common people and families in times of crisis.
这些是感动中国的人，他们在危机时刻为普通人和普通家庭挺身而出。

in one's honor 为了表示敬意；纪念
In the evening the General Manager gave a banquet at the International Hotel in honor of the foreign guests。当晚总经理设座国际饭店宴请外宾。
St Petersburg was renamed Le