基础语法-starter单元练习.doc

Basic Concepts We Need to Understand
I. Words
1、 名词（n）：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。名词可以分为专有名词&普通名词
专有名词是表示人名、地名、特殊事物名称等的特有名词，它的第一个字母要大写，如：
_______________________________________________________________________________
普通名词又可分为下面四类：
个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：
_________________________________________________________________________________________
集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体, 如：
_________________________________________________________________________________________
物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：
_________________________________________________________________________________________
抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念, 如：
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2、 代词（pro）:主要用来代替名词。主要分为几类
人称代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
单数

复数

物主代词
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
形容词性
名词性
形容词性
名词性
形容词性
名词性
单数

复数

疑问代词：______________________________________________________________________
反身代词：______________________________________________________________________
不定代词：_______________________________________________________________________
指示代词：_______________________________________________________________________
3、 动词（v.）：表示动作或状态。一般分为以下几类：
*实义动词，也叫“行为动词”，顾名思义，就是有实际意义，表达实际动作的动词，实义动词又分为“及物动词”和“不及物动词”两类。
“及物动词”表达的动作可以施加在别的人或事物身上，如：
___________________________________________________________________________________________
而“不及物动词”则正相反，它所表达的动作不能施加在别的人或事物身上，如：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
*系动词：亦称联系动词（Link Verb）。有些不具词义；有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词分类如下：
A. be动词，包括____________________________________________________等形式。
B. 感官动词
The picture looks nice. (_______) Your idea sounds great. (_______)
Roses smell good. (_______) Ice feels cold. (_______)
Beijing Roast Duck tastes delicious. (_______)
C. 其他动词（半系动词, 后面直接加形容词）
Please keep quiet. Trees become green in spring.
*情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。如：
我能进来吗？___________________________ 我不会游泳。__________________________
*助动词, 不能独立作谓语，只能作主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式。
我不知道。______________________________ 你有手表吗？____________________________
I have done my homework. _________________ I will go to Beijing tomorrow. ________________
4、 形容词（adj.）：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
我们的英语老师个子高。_______________________ 我是个好学生。_______________________
5、 副词（adv.）：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。
他跑得快。_________________ 这汤很烫。________________________________
她英语说得非常好。______________________ 咱们回家吧。________________________________
6、数词, 主要分为以下几类
*基数词, dozen________, score_________ ,百_________， 千_______，百万_______，十亿_________
87’136’558’9824’_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
注意：表示确切数目时不能加“s”,如：五万人____________
但在表示不确切数目时，要用复数形式, 如：数十人______________ 数百万美元__________________
*序数词，是指表示顺序的数词，请从“第一”写到“第二十四”：_________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
*编号有两种表示法: (1)名词＋基数: 第一课_________________
(2) 定冠词＋序数词＋名词，第一课：___________________
*分数由基数词和序数词合成，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于一时，分母的序数词用复数形式, 如：1⅔ (_______________________________), 3½ (______________________), 5¼ (________________________)
*小数点读__________________，零读o或zero，小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出。
0.6543 ___________________________________
*百分数由_________________表示。
7、 冠词（art.）：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。只有三个：_____________.
8、 介词（prep.）：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如：
我们八点开始上课。________________________ 那本书在桌子下面。___________________________
9、 连词（conj.）：连词属于虚词之一，它不能在句子里独立地担任句子成分，而只能起连接作用--连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。例如：
数学和英语都很难。_________________________________
语文课是在上午还是在下午？____________________________________________
我是初一的学生，我在…学校上学。________________________________________________________
*连词主要可分成两类：
1) 并列连词用来连接平行对等的词、词组、或分句。按其表示的不同意思有下面几种：
*表示转折意思 _______________________________
*表示因果关系____________________________________
*表示并列关系____________________________________
2) 从属连词（Subordinating Conjunctions） 从属连词是用来引起从句的，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。
10、感叹词（int.）：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh well hi ...
单词有十类，口诀要记牢：“名代形数冠，动副介连感”。
II. Sentence Components
1、 主语,是句子所要说的人或事物，通常用名词或代词担任。如：He is not our teacher.
2、 谓语,动词是说明主语的动作或状态的，主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room.
3、 宾语,表示及物动词的对象或结果，常用名词或代词。如：He can spell the word.
4、 定语,修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：Shanghai is a big city.
5、 状语,用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任, 一般有时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式、伴随状语。如：He works hard. You look much better.
6、 补语，一般用于主语或宾语后，对其起补充说明作用。
The good news makes me happy. We call him Mr. Wang.
7、 表语,在系动词之后，说明主语的身份或特征，常由名词、代词或形容词担任，如：
My name is Pingping. The weather today is good.
8、 同位语,通常紧跟在名词或代词后面，进一步说明这个名词或代词的情况。如：
Where is your classmate Tom? The famous pop star, Jay Chou, will come to Tianjin.
III. Basic Sentence Structures
1. Ｓ+Ｖ(vi.) (主谓结构)
我每天起床很早。__________________________________ .
2. Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ (主系表结构) 表语总是放在系动词后，并与系动词共同构成谓语。
这幅画很漂亮。_________________________ 我是学生。______________________________
大家都在这里了吗？_______________________ 你妈妈看起来很年轻。__________________________
3. Ｓ+Ｖ(vt.) +Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾)
我喜欢流行音乐。_______________________________
我通常晚上写作业。_____________________________________
4. Ｓ+Ｖ(vt.)+ｏ+Ｏ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语，一个指物，一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：
我爸爸给我买了一份生日礼物。________________________________________________
乔老师教我们英语。________________________________________________
你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？________________________________________________
有时也可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前，如：
Please give me that book. = Please give that book to me
My father bought me a birthday gift. = ______________________________________
5. Ｓ+Ｖ(vt.)+Ｏ+Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
我们都叫她高老师。__________________________________________
我妈妈想让我将来当医生.______________________________________________
The teacher tells us not to cheat on test. ________________________________________________
Don’t leave the door open. ___________________________________________________
We made her monitor of the class. __________________________________________________
IV. Exercises 分析下列各句的句子成分。
1. The traffic accident killed 2 people.
2. Mary goes to Shanghai to see a friend.
3. She started crying
4. That movie will come out this September.
5. We gave our congratulations( _____________) to him.
= _______________________________________________________
6. I know from her look(表情) that she is unhappy.
7. He was adopted(收养) when he was 13.
8. His hand feels cold.
9. We will visit Britain this summer.
10. She told me that she had seen that film.
11. By now, I have got all the books I need.
12. She told me that she would go on a trip to Europe next year.
13．The story you told me yesterday was very interesting.
14. The famous writer, Yu Qiuyu, will come to our school tomorrow
Exercises for Starter I
I. Multiple Choices
( ) 1. Mr. Green is ___ teacher. He is ___English teacher.
A. a; a B. a; an C. an; a D. an; an
( ) 2.---What’s this in English? ---_________
A. It’s a desk. B. It’s desk. C. It a desk. D. Is a desk.
( ) 3. ---Is this a picture? ---_______
A. Yes, it isn’t. B. Yes, it is. C. No, it is. D. No, isn’t.
( ) 4. This is a girl. ____name is Lily.
A. His B. She C. Her D. Its
( ) 5. I ___ a girl. My name ___ Wang Hong.
A. am; is B. is; am C. is; is D. am; am
( ) 6.--- Can you swim? ---________
A. Yes, I can. B. Yes, I can’t. C. No, I can. D. No, can’t.
( ) 7.--- Which class are you in? ---I am in ________.
A. Class 1 B. class 1 C. class One D. Class one
( ) 8.---Where ___ you from? ---I’m ____Beijing.
A. is, at B. are, from C. are, in D. am, to
( ) 9.---Whose chair is this? ---It’s ___chair.
A. She B. I C. my D. me
( ) 10. ---____is Tony? --- He is ten years old.
A. What B. Where C. How old D. Which
( ) 11. -- ____ do you want to see the pandas? -- Because they are cute.
A. What B. Why C. Where D. Who
( ) 12. Will you please let us _____ the animals?
A. to have a look B. have a look C. to have a look at D. have a look at
( ) 13. The students are busy _______ trees and flowers.
A. to plant B. planting C. planted D. plant
( ) 14. – What day is today? --- _____
A. It’s May 4th B. It’s Monday C. It’s a fine day D. Fine day, isn’t it?
( ) 15. -- _____ your name and _____ you from? -- My name is Tom and I’m from China.
A. What, where B. What’s, where are C. What are, Where are D. What are, where’s
II. Cloze
In the universe, there is the earth, the moon the sun the stars and all other things too far away to see. The earth is one of the sun’s _1_, and the moon is our satellite. The moon is about three hundred and eighty thousand kilometers away 2 the earth, but it’s our 3__ neighbor in space. It 4 _more than three days to get there by spaceship. No man 5_ farther than the moon, but spaceships 6 people have reached other planets.
Of_7 _the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 8 other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. They look small only __9__ they are much farther away. You _10__ see them in the daytime. But if you go out at night, you’ll be able to see many of them.
( ) 1. A. stars B. planets C. satellites D. planet
( ) 2. A. over B. below C. down D. from
( ) 3. A. nearer B. the nearer C. nearest D. the nearest
( ) 4. A. takes B. took C. taken D. taking
( ) 5. A. travel B. travelled C. has travelled D. have travelled
( ) 6. A. with B. without C. for D. to
( ) 7. A. all B. some C. many D. any
( ) 8. A. Thousand of B. Hundred of C. Million of D. Millions of
( ) 9. A. when B. because C. if D. for
( ) 10. A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. can’t
III. Reading Comprehensions
I. Lily and Li Tao are twin brothers. They look the same. They’re Chinese. Jim is an English boy. He’s their classmate. He’s twelve. His sister’s name is Joy. She is thirteen. They are in No. 12 Middle School. They are good friends. Oh, Jim has a cat. It’ name is Kitty. He likes it very much.
( ) 1. Jim and Li Tao are ______.
A. brothers B. new students C. classmates D. twins
( ) 2. Joy is ________.
A. a Chinese girl B. a Japanese girl C. English D. an American girl
( ) 3.How old are the twins?
A. I don’t know. B. They are twelve. C. They are thirteen. D. They are Chinese.
( ) 4. Jim has_________.
A. a cat named Mimi B. a cat named Kitty C. a bird named Polly D. a dog
II. At midnight on New Year’s Eve, people in Rome, Italy, throw out all the things they don’t want to use any longer. The streets are filled with old chairs, beds, clothes and dishes. In Madrid, Spain, the New Year comes in more quickly. People come together to the main square. Each holds a bag of grapes. As the clock strikes twelve, the people eat grapes – one for each stroke. In Tokyo, people eat noodles on New Year’s Eve. This food is said to bring long life. Early the next morning, some Japanese families climb Mount Fuji. There they watch the first sunrise of the new year.
( ) 1. This story is about New Year’s Eve in ______
A. Italy B. Spain C. Japan D. All over the world
( ) 2. People in both Spain and Japan _____ to bring in the new year.
A. throw things away B. get together in the main square
C. eat some kinds of food D. climb mountains
( ) 3. People climb Mount Fuji to __________.
A. look at the stars B. look for new year’s flowers
C. see the sunrise D. have some exercise
( ) 4. The people who hope to get long life from their New Year’s food are _______.
A. Japanese B. Chinese C. Spanish D. Italians
( ) 5. People in Madrid welcome New Year’s Eve by eating at least ______ grapes.
A. one B. twelve C. fourteen D. ten
IV. Language Studies.
I. 1. My name’s Daming. （划线提问）_____________________________？
2. I’m eleven years old.（划线提问）____________________________？
3. She’s from Shanghai（划线提问）_____________________________？
4. Is Mary in Class One? （作否定回答）_______，________________.
5. Are Daming and Lingling Chinese? （肯定回答）_______, _________________.
6. Nice to meet you. （作回答）_______________________，________.
II. （ ）1. Good afternoon! A.　There’s only one .
（ ）2. Is your father a doctor ? B.　Thank you .
（ ）3. Whose book is this ? C.　It’s red.
（ ）4Thanks very much . D. There’s a dog.
（ ）5.What color is her bike ? E.　How do you do ?
（ ）6.Please sit down. F.　Good afternoon!
（ ）7.Which is Jim’s shirt ? G.　You’re welcome .
（ ）8.How many boats are there on the river? H.　It’s mine.
（ ）9. How do you do ? I　 No, he’s a worker.
（ ）10.What’under the big tree ? J.　The white one.
III. Fill in the blanks with the right forms of “Be”
1．Who ___________your parents?
2．Our English teachers _______at school. They ______at home.
3．What _________that over there? I think it _______ a cat.
4．There _____a kite in the sky.
5．_____you Han Mei? No, I _________, I ______Ma Lili.
6．These ______my pencils. Where ______your pencil?
7. What_____under the desk? There____some boxes ,but there _____any rulers under it.
8．There __________any trees in the factory, but there________ a building in it.
9．_______there a bag and a table in your home? No, there_________.
10. This ________an American teacher and she __________from England.
Exercises for Starter II
I. Multiple Choices
1. Tom is in _____.
A. Class One B.Class one C. class one D. the Class One
2. His name is John Smith. We can call him _____.
A. Mr. John B. Mr. Smith C. Mr. John White D. Miss Smith
3. Thank ______ me to your party.
A. you for asking B. for your asking C. you to ask D. you for ask
4. _____ delicious they are!
A. what B. how C. how a D. what a
5. Lingling can play ____ basketball and play ____ piano.
A. the, the B. /, the C. /, / D. the, /
6. What are your ____ jobs?
A. parents B. parents' C. parent D. parent’s
7. Mary with her sister ____ in Beijing.
A. are B. am C. is D. be
8. I can ____, but he ____.
A. type, cans B. typing, cannot C. types, can’t D. type, can’t
9. She ____ she ca