专升本英语语法--主谓一致-(课堂PPT).ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专升本语法复习,主谓一致,1,在,英语,句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即,语法一致、逻辑意义一致,和,就近一致,原则,。,2,语法一致,主语为单数，谓语用单数,;,主语为复数，谓语也用复数,意义一致,不取决于语法上的单复数形式，取决于主语的单复数意义。（一些集体名词作主语）,Family/government/public class/audience/committee,就近一致,谓语动词的单复数形式决定于最靠近它的名词的单复数形式。,（,or/nor/eitheror/there be),neithernor/not onlybut also,）,3,一、谓语动词为单数的情况,1.,由,and,连接的 并列成分指的是同一概念，身兼两职或成套事物,a worker and writer;a knife and fork,e.g.,1.The poet and writer,.,(come,）,2.A hammer and a saw,useful tools.,考点：用,and,连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整,体,如,:bread and butter(,黄油抹面包,),knife and fork(,刀叉,),等,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,has come,are,4,2.Every and(every)/eachand(each),no and(no),many aand(many a),连接两,个单数名词作主语,.,e.g.,1.Every boy and every girl,_,to go swimming.,2.No teacher and no student,_,absent from the meeting.,3.Each man and(each)woman,_,asked to,help.,likes,was,is,考点,：,用连接的并列主语被each,every 或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。something,everything,anything,nothing，somebody,nobody,no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。,5,思考：,1.Many a boy,playing basketball.,许多男生都喜欢打篮球。,2.More than one student,.,不只一个学生迟到。,3.More persons than one,help us.,不止一个人来帮助我们。,likes,was late,come to,考点,：若主语中有more than one 或many a/an，,尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍,用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语,时,谓语动词仍用复数。,6,e.g.,1.Serving the people,_,my greatest,happiness.,为人民服务是我最大的幸福.,2.When we,ll go out for a,n outing_.,我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。,is,has been decided,3.,不定式,(,短语,),动名词,(,短语,),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,7,e.g.,1.Air as well as water,matter.,空气和水都是物质。,2.No one except two servants,late for the dinner.,除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。,is,was,4.,单数主语,即使后面带有with,along with,together with,like(像),but(除了),except,besides,as well as,no less than,rather than(而不是),including,in addition to引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数,8,5.one/every one/each/either/the number of+,复数名词作主语,e.g.,Each of us,something to say.,我们每个人都有话要说。,has,考点,：each of+复数代词,谓语动词用单数。复数代词+each,谓语动词用复数。,9,思考：None of us,perfect.,人无完人。,None of this,me.,这事一点不使我着急。,are(is),worries,考点：none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数：但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数。,10,6.,无生命集体名词,clothing/cloth/furniture/traffic/jewelry/luggage/poetry/equipment/machinery,（机器,)/baggage,做主语,e.g.,1.,Clothing _ badly needed in this flooded area.,2.The number of the unemployed _ still increasing.,3.All their baggage _ stolen.,4.The furniture _ convenient to move.,5.All the machinery in the factory _ made in China.,6.Jewelry _ used for decoration and wear.,is,is,is,was,is,is,11,7.,以ics结尾的学科名称：physics,mathematics,以,-s,结尾的疾病名称：,arthritis,(,关节炎），,diabetes,（,糖尿病）,，,bronchitis,(,支气管炎）,单一政治实体,：,the United States；The United Nations,等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,e.g.Arthritis,_a disease causing pain and swelling,in the joints of the body.,Physics_an important subject in middle schools.,is,is,12,8.,表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。,e.g.Twenty years has passed since he left his,hometown.,is,13,（二）谓语动词为复数的情况,1.由,and/bothand,连接的并列主语,2.,有,生命,的集体名词,people,police,cattle,vermin(,害虫）,poultry,（家禽）,等作主语。,The police _looking for the missing child.,3,.由山脉,(The Himalayas),、群岛、瀑布,(The Niagara Falls),、运动会等,s,结尾的专有名词作主语。,The Olympic,Games,_,held,once every four years.,5.a number of/a group of+,名词作主语。,are,are,14,6.,由两个部分组成的名词，以,-s,结尾，,scissors,，,glasses,trousers,谓语动词必须用复数，但这些名词前若出现,a pair of,谓语一般用单数。,e.g.,One pair of scissors,_,enough.,7.,这些以,-s,结尾的名词：,goods,clothes,arms,（武器）,fireworks,stairs,（楼梯）,wages,做主语，谓语动词用复数。,is,15,1.集体名词,class,family,army,team,club,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group,等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。,His family _ a great one.,His family _ music lovers.,2.means,works,pains,等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。,The steel works _ near the station.,（三）谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,16,3.,“kind,sort,pair,type,，,amount,，,quantity+,名词”,作主语，以这些名词本身的,单复数,而定。,4.,all,none,some,any,等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。,All are present.,All the food tastes good.,5.,“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/,分数、百分数+,of +,名词”,作主语:谓语动词要和,of,之后的名词单复数保持一致。,17,例：,The rest of the bikes,today.,剩下的自行车今天特价出售。,60%of the apple,eaten by the little,boy.,这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。,are on sale,was,考点一：主语中有all,half,most,the rest等,以及,“分数或百分数+名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复,数取决于连用的名词。,18,Here,the bus 公共汽车来了。,Here,a pen and some pieces of paper,for,you.,给你一支钢笔和几张纸。,comes,is,19,1.,He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been,D,2.,Mary is one of those people who,pets.,玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。,raise,强化练习,20,3,.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese,literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.,A.is B.are C.was D.were,解析：,a poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。,答案：,A,4,.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the,frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.,A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going,解析：,主语仍为the father，单数形式；as well as his three,children作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。,答案：,C,21,5,._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees,and grass.,A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are,C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are,解析：,表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语,为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。,答案：,C,6,.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but,the sky is still not clear.,A.is used B.are used,C.has been used D.have been used,解析：,every possible means每一种可行的方式；means单复数,同形，此句中为单数；表示,“,每种办法都用过了,”,，用现在完成时的被动语态。,答案：,C,22,7,.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert,_ covered the land.,A.number；has B.quantity；has,C.number；have D.quantity；have,解析：,a large number of 不修饰不可数名词；a large,quantity of不可数名词，谓语用单数。,答案：,B,8,.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of,scholarship for three years.,A.is B.are C.have been D.has been,解析：,有the only修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。,答案：,D,23,9,.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty,percent of its population _ peasants.,A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are,解析：,population,表示,“,人口,”,。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。,答案：,A,1,0,.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _,Paris tomorrow.,A.are to；for B.is to；for,C.is to；to D.are to；to,解析：,句中主语是Grey，单数，故谓语也用单数；leave for,sp.，动身去某地。,答案：,B,24,1,1,.Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend,the meeting tomorrow afternoon.,A.are B.have C.is D.had,解析：,either.or.遵循就近一致的原则，因your elder,brother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。,答案：,C,1,2,.30%of the cattle _ thin，but the rest _ fat.,A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is,解析：,句中主语分别为the cattle/the rest of the,cattle，即,“,牛/余下的牛,”,，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。,答案：,A,25,1,3,.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on,plays in China.,A.were B.have been,C.was D.has,解析：,the writer and actor指一个人(既是作家也是演员)，,谓语动词应为单数。,答案：,C,26,Good-bye!,27,