瞬间性动词和持续性动词(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,1,请看一道题：,Ivecomeoutwithoutanymoney.,NevermindI_yousome.,A.amgoingtolend B.willlend,C.havelent D.amtolend,【分析】此题应选,B,。容易误选,A,。这里主要谈一谈有关“,will,动词原形”和“,begoingto,动词原形”的区别：,2,在通常情况下两者都可表示将来时间和意图，且有时可,换用：,我不会告诉你这事的。,正：,Iwon,ttellyouaboutit.,正：,I,mnotgoingtotellyouaboutit.,但是此时要注意：若是强调某个意图是,经过事先考虑好,的，则通常要用,begoingto,；若是表示某个意图,没有,经过事先考虑,，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则通,常用,will,，且以上两种情况通常不能换用。,3,比较并体会：,1.,Cometotheparty.,来参加晚会吧。,OK,，,I,llbringmyboyfriend.,好的，我把我的男,朋友也带来。,(,临时想法,),2.,Whereisthetelephonebook?,电话薄在哪,?,I,llgetitforyou.,我去给你拿。,(,临时想法,),3.,Whyareyoutakingitout?,干吗要把它拿出来,?,I,mgoingtowashit.,我想把它洗一洗。,(,事先考虑,),4.,Haveyouboughtatypewriter?,你买了台打字机吗,?,Yes.I,mgoingtolearntotype.,是的，我想学打字。,(,事先考虑,),4,begoingto,与,will,两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去,做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：,1.begoingto,表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，,will,表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：,Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.,Hewillwriteabookoneday.,5,2.begoingto,表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的,事情，,will,表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。,Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.,Hewillbetwentyyearsold.,6,3.begoingto,含有“计划，准备”的意思，,而,will,则没有这个意思，如：,Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.,Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.,7,4.,在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用,begoingto,而多,用,will,如：,Ifanybeastscomesatyou,Illstaywithyouand,helpyou.,8,延续性动词与非延续性动词,动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延,续性动词与非延续性动词。,一,.,延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：,learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay,等。延续性动词可以与,表示时间段的状语连用。,9,表示时间段的短语有,:,1.for+,一段时间,eg:for 2 years;for a long time,2.since,从句,since he came here;,3.since+,时间点,+ago,eg,：,since last year,since 5 days ago;,4.how long;,10,二,.,非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。,如,:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy,等。,如果要与,for+,时间段，,since+,年份，,since+,时间段,+ago,，,how long,连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。,11,例：（,1,）他死了三年了。,误：,He has died for three years.,正：,He has been dead for three years.,正：,I,t is three years since he died.,正：,He died three years ago.,正：,Three years has passed since he died.,12,(2),他来这儿五天了。,误：,He has come here for five days.,正：,He has been here for five days.,正：,He came here five days ago.,正：,It is five days since he came here.,正：,Five days has passed since he came here.,13,延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：,leave-be away,borrow-keep,buy-have,begin/start-be on,die-be dead,finish-be over,join-be in+,组织机构,be a member of,open sth-keep sth open,fall ill-be ill,get up-be up,catch a cold-have a cold,come here-be here,go there-be there,become-be,come back-be back,fall asleep-be asleep,get to/arrive/reach-be(in),leave-be away from,get to know-know,go(get)out be out,，,put on wear,；,catch a cold have a cold,14,(1),、,(2),句中的,die,、,come,为终止性动词，不能与表示,“,段时间,的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采,用下面的,四种方法,：,15,（,1,）将句中终止性动词,转换为相应的延续性动词,如上,面两例中的第一种正确表达方式,.,(2),将句中表示,段时间,的状语改为,表示过去确定时间的,状语,，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。,16,(2),他来这儿五天了。,误：,He has come here for five days.,正：,He has been here for five days.,正：,He came here five days ago.,正：,It is five days since he came here.,正：,Five days has passed since he came here.,17,(3),用句型,It is+,段时间,+since.,表达原意，如上面两例,中的第三种正确表达方式。,(4),用句型,时间,+has passed+since.,表达原意，如上,面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。,18,(2),他来这儿五天了。,误：,He has come here for five days.,正：,He has been here for five days.,正：,He came here five days ago.,正：,It is five days since he came here.,正：,Five days has passed since he came here.,19,四、,终止性动词,可用于,现在完成时否定式,中，成为可以,延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。,如,:1.He hasnt left here since 1986.,2.I havent heard from my father for two weeks.,20,五、终止性动词的否定式与,until/till,连用，构成,not+,终止性动词,+until/till.,的句型，意为,直,到,才,。,如：,1.You cant leave here until I arrive.,直到我到,了，你才能离开这里。,2.I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the,picture tonight.,今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。,21,六、终止性动词可以用于,when,引导的时间状语从句中，,但不可以用于,while,引导的时间状语从句中。,when,表,示的时间是,点时间,(,从句谓语动词用终止性动词,),，也,可以是,段时间,(,从句谓语动词用延续性动词,),。而,while,表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词,用延续性动词。,22,如：,1.When we reached London,it was twelve,oclock.(reach,为终止性动词,),2.Please look after my daughter while/when,we are away.(be away,为延续性动词短语,),23,七、终止性动词完成时不可与,how long,连用,(,只限于肯定式,),。,误：,How long have you come here?,正：,How long have you been here?,正：,When did you come here?,24,1.When he arrived at the bus stop,the,bus,for,20 minutes.,A.has left B.had left,C.has been away D.had been away,2.I _ the League for 5 years so far.,A.joined B.have joined,C.have been in D.had been in,3.The factory _since the February of 1988.,A.has been open B.has opened,C.was open D.opened,4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000.,A.have made B.have been,C.made D.have become,25,5.You mustnt _until he comes back.,A.be away B.leave C.be left D.have been away,6.The meeting _ for a week now.,A.has finished B.has ended,C.has been over D.is over,7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years.,A.has been in B.has come to,C.has taught D.had been in,8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years.,A.has been B.has become,C.was D.became,26,9.I _ home for a week.,A.have returned B.have been back,C.,r,eturned D.had been back,10.How long _ he _?,A.died B.has,died,C.has,been dead D.die,she die,11.He_at eight yesterday afternoon.,A.slept B.was sleeping,C.has sleep D.had slept,12.He _ the car for a week.,A.bought B.has bought,C.has had D.had kept,27,13.-How long _ you _ ill?-Two weeks.,A.did fall B.have,fell,C.have,been D.had,been,14.Since 2000,he _ his hometown.,A.has left B.has moved away,C.has been away from D.had moved,15.Ill lend you the book,but you can only _ it for 2 days.,A.borrow B.keep C.take D.had,28,17.Are you _ the jacket these days?,A.wearing B.putting on,C.dressing D.on,18.He _ for 2 hours.,A.,got,up B.has got up C.has been up,19.Tom is ill in hospital.He _ a cold for several days.,A.is B.catches,C.has caught D.has had,20.-How long can I _ the book?,-Two weeks.,A.borrow B.lend,C.get D.keep,29,The end,30,