BEC雅思图表描述写作PPT课件.ppt

English Practical Writing：Writing a Report报告及图表描述1.英文商务报告包括Introduction(Thisreportaims/setsoutto)，Findings(Itwasfoundthat)，Conclusions(Toconclude),Recommendations(Itissuggestedthat.)，以及参考文献(reference)。括号中是每段开头常用的表达方式。2.BEC写作-报告样题YouworkforPJTCo.Ltd,amanufacturingcompany.Youneedmorestaffinyourdepartmentandyourmanagerhasaskedyoutowriteareportexplainingwhy.Write120-140words.3.Report:MorestaffareneededinourdepartmentDate:July16,2018IntroductionThisreportaimstoexplainwhyourdepartmentneedsmorestaff.FindingsStatisticsshowthatthereexistsabiggapbetweenthenumberofstaffinourdepartmentandstaffworkload.Whilethenumberoforderhasbeengrowingup,thenumberofstaffhasremainedsteady.Moreover,ourcustomerservicedepartmentrecentlyreceivedacomplaintfromoneofourclientsaboutatremendousdelayinourdelivery,whichispartlycausedbystaffinsufficiency.ConclusionToconclude,therearemanyreasonsfortheneedofmorestaff.Itishightimethatthedepartmentshouldincreasethestaffnumber.RecommendationMorestaffshouldberecruitedintheupcomingjob-huntingseasontoimproveourperformance.4.Report Structure1.Introduction2.Findings3.Conclusion(s)4.Recommendation(s)5.In writing a report,how to describe tables,figures,and charts?n1.表格(table)n2.曲线图(line graph)n3.柱状图/饼状图(bar/pie chart)6.图表报告的结构第一段：介绍(Introduction)第二段：正文(Findings)第三段：总结或评论(Conclusion)7.1.Introduction说明该图表的性质、主要内容nWe should begin our essay with a clear statement.This is to provide the reader with an orientation as well as a context for the individual steps to follow.8.右图是美国Seattle市Green Hall超市十一月所销售的四种皮鞋价格与数量对比图，请对该图写一个简要的说明。This bar chart shows how price affects peoples demand/buying of shoes in the Green Hall Supermarket of Seattle in November.9.右图是美国海滨旅游小镇Bluebeach自1960年以来所接待的游客人数图，请对该图作一个简要的说明。This graph shows how the number of tourists/visitors to the Bluebeach town changes from 1960 to 2000.10.世界主要汽车生产国的年产汽车比例图美国:44%日本:23%德国:20%韩国:13%This pie chart shows the percentage of annual car productions from major car producing countries in the world.11.开头句：描述大致趋势或总体情况As is shown from the bar chart above/below/on the right,people buy fewer shoes as the price of shoes goes up.We can see from the graph that the number of visitors to the Bluebeach town increased steadily before 1990 and then decreased slightly.According to the pie chart above,there are four major car producing countries in the world/the US is the largest car producer in the world.2.Findings描述总体趋势，极值，转折点12.1.应用“there be”句式（例1,$150,140 pairs）There are 140 pairs of shoes sold when the price reaches$150.2.应用动词“have/has”(例2,1980)The Bluebeach town has 33,000 visitors in the year 1980.3.应用原文中提供的动词(例3)Korea produces 13%of the total number of cars in the world.表示数字的常用方法13.主要有下面三个句式：1.主语+动词+副词+时间 n.+v.+adv.+time2.There be+形容词+名词+时间 There be+a.+n.+time3.主语+witnessed+形容词+名词+inThe number of tourists to Bluebeach town decreased slightly from the year 1990 to 2000.There is a sharp rise in the number of tourists to Bluebeach from the year 1980 to the year 1990.The last decade of the 20th century(时间)witnessed a slow decline in the number of tourists to Bluebeach(对象)=The number of tourists(对象)witnessed a slow decline in the last decade of the 20th century(时间)表示变化的常用方法14.Practice:LineGraphThegraphshowsratesofsmokinginmenandwomenintheUKfrom1960to2000.分析：1.Women:1975前上升，1975后下降（找转折点）2.men:平稳下降3.时态：一般过去式15.LineGraph1.Women:1975前上升，1975后下降（找转折点）There was a significant increase in the number of female smokers before 1975,and after the year 1975 the rates of women smokers slowly declined.16.LineGraph2.men:平稳下降，降幅稍大 The rates of British male smokers went through/witnessed a continuous downward tendency/trend.The years from 1960 to 2000 witnessed a continuous downward tendency in the rates of British male smokers.17.常用词18.19.n表示曲线图最高点和最低点可以使用下列句型：nThe figure(s)+npeaked(bottomed out)at/reached the peak(the bottom)of$150+in December20.LineGraph The number of female smokers reached the peak of 350 in 1975,and after 1975 the rates of women smokers slowly decreased to the bottom in 2000.Over the years the number of male smokers declined steadily and bottomed out at 280 in 2000.21.主语+动词to具体数据。主语+动词tothe peak of具体数据。主语+动词副词，reaching the peak of+具体数据,e.g.the number rose significantly,reaching the peak of主语+动词副词，reaching+具体数据+时间。动词+by 与+to的区别对于上升到某个位置的描述：22.n对于下降到某个位置的描述：n动词to具体数据。动词tothe bottom of具体数据。动词副词，reaching the bottom of+具体数据，e.g.The number dropped sharply,reaching the bottom of 50 in September.动词副词，reaching+具体数据。主语+bottom out at+数字ndecrease by;decrease to23.n3.起伏波动的句型：fluctuated sharply all through n4.波动不大的句型：hardly changed through the period between and n5.对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型：occupy/constitute%of the total takes up/accounts for%in the whole chart24.n嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：infromtobetween.andduringandat the start of at the end of overthroughout 25.Practice2:ThelinegraphbelowshowsthenumberofenquirestoTouristInformationOfficemadebytelephone,letter/email,andinpersonfromJanuary2001toJune2001.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemain features.(100 words)26.As can be seen from the graph,three different choices,including enquiring in person,by calling and by e-mail or letter,were presented.The number of enquiries made by communicating face to face witnessed a constant upward trend from 400 to 1200 over the half year,transforming from the least popular way to the most prevalent mode.The line graph illustrates the number of enquiries to obtain tourist information in different means during a six-month period from January 2001.27.With respect to the number of enquiries by letter/email,it started at 800 in January,and remained relatively stable in the first four months before increasing smoothly to about 1100 in June(全用动词).However,the trend for telephone was quite different,with the number decreasing continuously from 600 in January to 450 in May and then reducing markedly to reach the bottom of 200(用with+ing分词引出数据变化).Overall,it is obvious that people tended to seek advice about traveling from theprofessionalsinperson.28.LineGraph总结：整体趋势1975前相反，1975后类似To conclude,the general tendency for male and female rates of smoking in the UK formed a striking contrast before 1975.As time went on,the contrast faded away to about the same rate,with men still slightly more.29.30.n1.可以出现在数据前面的修饰词：below,under,over,more than,almost,nearly,about,approximatelyn2.判断时态，注意图表中是否有时间出现。如果没有，则使用一般现在时，如果有，通常使用一般过去时。n3.有选择的利用数据，而不是全部选取。n4.注意单词和短语的同义转换-LexicalResource31.BarChart:RelativeExpression一个数据“超过”另一个数据：surpass,outnumber,exceedThe number of deaths caused by TB far exceeded the number of deaths induced by AIDS.32.BarChart:RelativeExpression对2个或者3个项目进行排序，用followedby,rankWithrespecttothefactorsthatcauseddeathsinAustraliain1990,TBledtothelargestnumberofdeath,followedbydiarrhoeaandmalaria.SpeakingofthefactorsthatcauseddeathsinAustraliain1990,TBledtothelargestnumberofdeath.Diarrhoeaandmalariaranksecondandthirdrespectively.inthecaseof/intermsof/inrespectof/regarding在.方面33.倍数表达法女性的失业率是男性失业率的三倍。TheunemploymentrateoffemaleswasthreetimesmorethanthatofmaleduringtheEconomicDepression.TheunemploymentrateofwomenwasthreetimesasmuchasthatofmenovertheperiodofEconomicDepression.TB造成的死亡人数是AIDS的9倍ThenumberofdeathscausedbyTBwasninetimesmorethanthatcausedbyAIDS.ThenumberofdeathscausedbyTBwasninetimesasmuchasthatcausedbyAIDS.34.BarChartPracticeThechartbelowshowsthepercentageofyoungpeopleaged15to24employedindifferentsectorsinNewZealandin1990and2000.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures.35.In1990,positionsincommercewereconsideredasthemostpopularjobswithnearly30%youngpeopleengagedinthissector.Intheremainingpartsincludingagriculture,hotelandrestaurant,manufacturing,transportandothersectors,thepercentagewassimilar,takingup13%-15%.Thebarchartillustratesthepercentageofyoungadultsaged15to24indifferentemploymentsectorsinNewZealandin1990and2000.如何描述1990年的情况？36.如何描述2000年的情况？Tenyearslater,theproportionofgraduateswhoworkedincommercestillrankedthefirstat38%,followedbythepercentageforhotelsandrestaurantswhichincreasedsignificantlyfrom15%to24%.However,thepercentagesforotherfourfieldsdecreased,asthefigurefortransportrankedthelastin2000at7%.Inconclusion,theyouthinNewZealandwouldliketoworkincommerceratherthananyothersectors.37.PieChart1.考虑最大因素：成本和超市利润,与农民所占份额比较（比较极值）2.其他两项简单提及38.Findings：Thepricingofchocolateconcerns5factors,amongwhichcostofingredientsandoverheadstakesupthelargestshare(37%),severaltimesasmuchasthatoffarmers(only4%).Supermarketisthesecondlargestfactorinthepricingofchocolate,whichoccupies34%oftheprice.Therestofthepricecoverstaxandchocolatecompany,accountingfor15%and10%respectively.39.BEC样题：How would you write a report about the following charts?The bar chart below shows the proportions of English men and women of different ages who were living alone in 2011.The pie chart compares the numbers of bedrooms in these one-person households.Living alone in England by age and gender,2011 (bar chart)Number of bedrooms in one-person households (pie chart)40.IntroductionThetwochartsgiveinformationaboutsingle-occupanthouseholdsinEnglandintheyear2011.Thebarchartcomparestheproportionsofmalesandfemaleslivingaloneindifferentagegroups,andthepiechartshowsdataaboutthenumberofbedroomsinthesesingle-occupanthomes.41.FindingsAsignificantmajorityofthepeopleaged65oroverwhowerelivingaloneinEnglandin2011werefemale.Womenaccountedfor72%ofsingleoccupantsaged75to84,and76%ofthoseaged85orover.Bycontrast,amongadultsyoungerthan50,thefiguresformaleswerehigher.Forexample,inthe35-49agegroup,menmadeupnearly65%ofpeoplelivingalone.42.Inthesameyear,35.4%ofone-personhouseholdsinEnglandhadtwobedrooms,whileone-bedroomandthree-bedroomhomesaccountedfor28%and29.8%ofthetotal.Lessthan7%ofsingle-occupanthomeshadfourormorebedrooms.43.ConclusionOverall,femalesmadeupahigherproportionofpeoplelivingalonethanmales,andthisdifferenceisparticularlynoticeableinolderage.Wecanalsoseethatthemostcommonnumberofbedroomsinasingle-occupanthomewastwo.总结：占据：take up,make up,occupy,account for,represent,constitute44.统计表tables中国1950年最短，后期增幅最大，2050到最高值；西班牙也在增长，但增幅小于中国；美国在74左右，变化不大45.The average life span in China grew more significantly compared with the other two countries,from the least(65 years old)in 1950 to the predicted age of 83 in 2050.The life span in Spain also increased continuously,but with a slower pace,reaching an average age of 77 in 2050.By contrast,the only country with a possible decrease is US which increased to 75 in the year 2000,but is predicted to fall slightly to 74 in 2050.46.Practice:Tables如何表达4个国家在population上的比较？As can be seen in the table,Bolivia has the largest population among the four countries with 23 million people,which is nearly twice as much as the population of Ecuador(12 million).Besides,Singapore and Jamaica rank the third and fourth place,with 4 million and 2.3 million respectively.(用with+数字或括号的形式表示具体数值)47.课本98页练习（100words）Thetableshowsreportreadingpatternsofstaffindifferentpositions.Accordingtothetableabove,thepeoplemostlikelytoreadtheentirereportareanalysts(85%),whilefrontlinestaffareleastlikelytoreadalmostanysectionofthereport.72%senioranalystsreadthewholereport,slightlyfewerthanthepercentageforanalysts.Abouthalfofthemanagersandexecutivesreadthewholereport,with51%and48%respectively.Fewseniormanagers(15%)readthewholereport,but39%ofthemand34%executivesreadthesummary.Itisofsomeconcernthatoveronequarterofseniormanagersdonotreadreports.Practice:Tables48.Tables总结：需要对数据进行合理挑选和分组，不必汇报全部。挑选原则：最大，最小，倍数等分组原则：类似归为一组49.Thankyou!50.