语法总复习年市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,练习,1 There _(be)a pen,a knife and several books on the desk.2Either you or she _(be)to go.3The teacher together with some students _(be)visiting the factory.4 He as well as I _(want)to go boating.,5.Not only she but also I _(be)mistaken.,6.The young _(be)the vital forces in our society.,7Neither you nor he _(be)to blame.,第1页,第1页,答案:is;is;is;wants;am;are;is,主谓一致中靠近原则,1）当there be 句型主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近主语保持一致。There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近主语保持一致。假如句子是由here,there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近主语一致。,第2页,第2页,Here is a pen,a few envelops and some paper for you.,谓语动词与前面主语一致,当主语后面跟有with,together with,like,except,but,no less than,as well as 等词引起短语时，谓语动词与前面主语一致。,第3页,第3页,结果状语从句 比较：so和 such,词性不同。such形容词+名词(词组)，so 是副词，修饰形或副词。so与数量形容词many,few,much,little连用。so foolishsuch a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many/few flowers such nice flowers so much/little money.such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相称于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性，与such搭配。）,第4页,第4页,练习:分词作状语,1 _(not receive)any letter from him,I gave him a call.2 _(give)more attention，the trees could have grown better.3_ some officials,Napoleon inspected his army.4 With some officials_(follow),Napoleon inspected his army.5_there(be)fine,I went outing.,6 Little Jim lay on his back,with his hand _(clench).,第5页,第5页,答案：,Not receiving;Given;following;There being;clenching,分词作状语,1 As I didnt receive any letter from him,I gave him a call.由于没有收到他信，我给他打了电话。2 If more attention was given,the trees could have grown better.假如多给些照料，那些树会长得更加好。3 with 介词+v-ing 分词(主/被),4 一个句子只有一个谓语动词,除非有连词,第6页,第6页,练习,1There was a terrible noise _ (follow)the sudden burst of light.2_(heat),liquids can be changed into gases.,3_(use)for a long time,the book looks old.,4_(invite)to the party,Joan was greatly hurt.,5._ is done cannot be undone.,第7页,第7页,答案：following;Heated;Being used;Not having been invited;what,1因为声音在闪电后，因此为声跟伴随光，声音为跟随发出者，为主动。用现在分词。2分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行；过去分词表被动，已经完成。对于液体来说是加热受动者，是被动，=状语从句 When it is heated，看主句主语是否是动作发出者，是就选现在分词。3 因为用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book,I find it useful.在使用过程中，我发觉这本书很有用。,第8页,第8页,练习:1The murder was brought in,with his hands _(tie)behind his back。2 He lay there,his teeth set,his hand clenched,his eyes _(look)straight up.3Weather_(permit),well go out for a walk.,4 The meeting _(go)over,everyone tired to go home earlier.5The test _(finish),we began our holiday.,6 This_(do),we went home.,第9页,第9页,答案:tied;looking;permitting;gone;finished;done,1表伴随时，with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系，因此用过去分词4会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。独立主格结构普通有逗号与主句分开。5=When the test was finished,we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。工作完毕后，我们才回家。,第10页,第10页,（一）：独立主格结构组成：名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；介词短语组成。（二）独立主格结构特点：1）独立主格结构逻辑主语与句子主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3）He came out of the library,a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆,第11页,第11页,练习分词,1 The secretary worked late into the night,_ (prepare)a long speech for the president.2While _(walk)in the garden，he hurt his leg.,3_(finish)his homework,he went out.4_(not receive)a reply,he decided to write again.,第12页,第12页,答案:preparing,walking;Having finished;Not having received;,1 此处没有连词，又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为积极关系，应用现在分词。,2分词作时间状语，假如先与积极词动作，且强调先后，要用having done。=As he had finished his homework,he went out.做完作业后，他出去了。3分词时态与分词否认式。依据题意判断，分词动作（接信）发生在谓语动词动作（决心再写信）之前=Because he had not received a reply,he decided to write again.,第13页,第13页,关系代词/关系副词。例1.Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?A.whereB.that C.on which D.the one例1变为必定句：This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,on which都不能起到宾语作用，只有the one既做了主句表语，又可做从句宾语，能够省略关系代词，因此应选D。,第14页,第14页,例2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.A.whereB.that C.on whichD.the one,例2变为必定句：This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.,而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in+which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用不对，因此选A。,第15页,第15页,关系词选择依据在从句中所做成份，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；,先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。,只能用that作为定语从句关系代词情况a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。,第16页,第16页,b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,the one,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c)先行词有the only,the very修饰时，只用that。d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.e)先行词既有些人，又有物时。,第17页,第17页,练习(关联词),1 Theres no much _ can be done.,2 _ we need is more practice.,3,The tree,_ is four hundred years old,is very famous here.4 We depend on the land from _ we get our food.5 This is the mountain village _ I visited last year.6 I will never forget the days _ I spent in the countryside.7 They asked them _ it was.,第18页,第18页,答案1 that;2what;3 which;4which;5which;6which 7what,1 当that引导定语从句时，通惯用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成份连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中that常可省略。What引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句详细成份，且不能省.,I think(that)you will like the stamps.3不用that情况a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。b)介词后不能用。,第19页,第19页,4 用关系代词，还是关系副词 看从句中谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。比如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.,判断先行词在定语从句中成份(主、谓、宾、定、状),第20页,第20页,综合练习1 填连词,1 _she is young,she knows quite a lot.2.He sat there calmly _ nothing had happened.,3.The news of his visit _(release)to the public.,4 _(know)why any word has a certain meaning is interesting,too,5I felt surprised _ I seemed to have seen him somewhere before.,6 It is high time that the children _(go)to bed.,7 Whats the good of continuing production _ the products do not sell well?,第21页,第21页,答案:,1 Although。即使她很年轻，却知道许多2 as if好象,3 was released,4 Knowing,5 because,6(should)go,7 if,第22页,第22页,部分倒装是指将谓语一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。假如句中谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否认或半否认词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no,way,not until 等。Never have I seen such a performance.,Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。,第23页,第23页,语态有两种：积极语态和被动语态。主语是动作发出者为积极语态；主语是动作接受者为被动语态。1）若宾语补足语是不带to 不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。这类动词为感官动词。feel,hear,help,listen to,look at,make,observe,see,notice,watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom.-I was made to go out of the classroom(by the teacher).We saw him play football on the playground.-He was seen to play football on the playground.2）情态动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.,第24页,第24页,不能用于被动语态及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agree with,arrive at/in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong toThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3)系动词无被动语态：appear,be become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn It sounds good.,第25页,第25页,4)带同源宾语及物动词，反身代词，互相代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。(对)She likes to swim.(错)To swim is liked by her.,积极形式表示被动意义,1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,driveThe book sells well.这本书销路好。This knife cuts easily.这刀子较好用。,第26页,第26页,2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,buildI was to blame for the accident.Much work remains.3)在need,require,want,worth(形),deserve后动名词要用积极形式。The door needs repairing.=The door needs to be repaired.,This room needs cleaning.这房间应打扫一下。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。4)特殊结构：make sb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth.done(要某人做某事)。,第27页,第27页,练习(被动),1.They _(ask)to participate in the meeting.,2.Many teachers were praised at the meeting,Mr.Zhou _(include).,3 This is a photo of the power station that _(set)up in my hometown.4 My sister _(take)care of by Grandma.5 Such a thing _(hear)never of before.,第28页,第28页,答案;have been asked;included;has been set up;will be taken care;has never been heard of,短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面介词或副词。对错题练习 The price has been risen.()The price has risen.()The accident was happened last week.()The accident happened last week.()The price has raised.()The price has been raised.()Please seat.()Please be seated.,第29页,第29页,不用被动语态情况,1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,die disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreak out,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place.After the fire,very little remained of my house.,第30页,第30页,比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)The price has been risen.(对)The price has risen.(错)The accident was happened last week.(对)The accident happened last week.(错)The price has raised.(对)The price has been raised.(错)Please seat.(对)Please be seated.,第31页,第31页,被动形式表示积极意义,be determined,be pleased,be graduated(from),be finished,be prepared(for),be occupied(in),get marriesHe is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有名大学。,表示同某人结婚，可用marry sb.或get married to sb.。He married a rich girl.He got married to a rich girl.,The library needs_,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaned答案A.need(实意)+n/to do，need(情态)+do，当为被动语态时，还可need+doing.,如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。,第32页,第32页,