语法篇专题名词性从句市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

专项十一 名词性从句,一、定义,在复合句中起名词作用句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句功效相称于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此依据它在句中不同语法功效，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句(the Subject Clause)、宾语从句(the Object Clause)、表语从句(the Predicative Clause)和同位语从句(the Appositive Clause)。,二、引导名词性从句连接词,引导名词性从句连接词可分为三类：,1.从属连词：that,whether/if,as if,2.连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whose,3.连接副词：when,where,why,how,第1页,第1页,详细使用办法见下表：,引导词,使用办法,例句,从,属,连,词,that,无词义，在从句中不担任句子成份，有时可省略。,主语从句,It is important that we should learn English well.,宾语从句,He told us(that)he felt ill.,The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.,表语从句,The fact is that we have lost the game.,同位语从句,The news that we won the game is exciting.,第2页,第2页,whether/,if,as if,if/whether,as if虽有词义，但在从句中不作句子成份。,主语从句,Whether he will accept the invitation remains a secret.,宾语从句,Attitude determines whether/if people are successful and able to enjoy life.,Everything depends on whether we have enough money.,表语从句,It looks as if it is going to rain.,同位语从句,He was tortured(折磨)by the doubt whether he would accept their presents.,第3页,第3页,连,接,代,词,what,which,who,whom,whose,有词义，在从句中作成份，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。,主语从句,Who will win the match is still unknown.,宾语从句,She wondered what he had done.,表语从句,Thats just what I want.,同位语从句,The question who should do the work requires consideration.,连,接,副,词,when,where,why,how,有词义，在从句中作成份，起状语作用。,主语从句,When the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.,宾语从句,Tom wanted to know where the meeting would be held.,表语从句,That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,同位语从句,I have no idea when he will come back.,第4页,第4页,【考点一】考察名词性从句引导词,在高考单选题中，名词性从句连词选择往往是测试热点。考生若不认真分析，没有正确解题办法，经常造成判断上失误，最后错选了连词。,名词性从句引导词使用办法：,1.who意为“谁”，在从句中作主语。,2.whom意为“谁”，在从句中作宾语，但在口语中惯用who代替whom。,3.whoever(=anyone who)意为“但凡人”，它宾格形式是whomever（但在口语中惯用whoever代替 whomever）。,4.whose意为“谁”，在从句中作定语。,5.what(=the+n.+that)意为“什么”；whatever(=anything+that)意为“但凡物”。what 和whatever都可在从句中作主语、表语、宾语。,6.which意为“哪一个；哪些”；whichever意为“无论哪一个都”。which 和whichever都可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。,第5页,第5页,7.where意为“在哪儿”，在从句中作地点状语；when意为“什么时候”，在从句中作时间状语；how意为“如何”，在从句中作方式状语；why意为“为何”,在从句中作原因状语。,8.whether意为“是否”，在从句中不充当任何语法成份;引导及物动词宾语从句时，可与if互换；引导介词宾语从句或引导主语、表语、同位语从句时，只用whether。,9.that无详细意思，在从句中也不充当任何语法成份，只起连接作用。,温馨提醒：我们不妨采用“一分二划三看”三步法对这种类型题目加以分析，然后做出正确选择。,“一分”即分清从句类型：,即分清从句是哪一个名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）,“二划”即划分出从句,“三看”即看从句句意是否完整：,1.句意不完整缺连接代词：指人时，用who,whoever（作主语）；whom,whomever（作宾语）;指物时，用what,whatever（作主语、宾语）；which,whichever（作主语、宾语）。,第6页,第6页,2.句意完整缺连接副词：指时间时，用when；指地点时，用where,wherever；指原因时，用why；指方式时，用how。,句意完整缺不作成份连词:有含义用if,whether（是否）；无含义用that。,【考点二】考察名词性从句语序问题,在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句句首外，其它部分应用陈说语序。而考生们往往使用疑问语序，尤其是在以wh引导名词性从句中。克服这个问题关键是要找准从句主语。在试题设置上会通过宾语从句、表语从句语序来考察，尤其是一些与特殊疑问句相关宾语从句或表语从句。,I dont know where we are going to have the meeting.,Can you tell me whats the matter with him?,【即学即练】,单项填空,These shoes look very good.I wonder _.,how much cost they are B.how much do they cost,C.how much they cost D.how much are they cost,第7页,第7页,解析：选C。依据题干中及物动词wonder可知,how much引导宾语从句，而名词性从句要用陈说语序，故排除疑问语序B、D两项;A项能够改为how much they cost或how much they are worth。故选C项。,【考点三】考察宾语从句中否认转移,否认转移主要针对宾语从句。在宾语从句中，当谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect/consider等表示“认为、相信、猜想”意义词，并且主语是第一人称，时态是普通现在时，形式上是否认主句谓语动词否认词，事实上否认是宾语从句。在反意疑问句中，其中附加问句要与从句保持一致，并且要把否认词转移到从句中去。,I dont believe he treated the child like that,did he?,【即学即练】,单项填空,Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus,_?,A.hadnt you B.wouldnt you C.arent I D.didnt she,解析：选B。题干中be sure同believe,并且句子主语是第一人,第8页,第8页,称，时态是普通现在时，因此附加问句（反意疑问句）与从句保持一致。,【考点四】考察形式主语、形式宾语,当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，为了避免“头重脚轻”，经常将从句后置，而用it作形式主语，置于句首。动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。不能用this或that来代替it。,It is a pity that he cant attend the party.,We consider it necessary that he should improve his grammar.(that不能够省略),【即学即练】,单项填空,_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.,A.There B.This C.That D.It,解析：选D。分析题干可知，it作形式主语，代替真正主语 that从句。,I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.,A.it B.that C.this D.them,第9页,第9页,解析：选A。考察it作形式宾语。有些动词如:hate,love,appreciate等,其后习惯用it作形式宾语，再接宾语从句。,【考点五】考察名词性从句中虚拟语调利用,(1)主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句都会涉及到虚拟语调，一些表示提议、要求、命令动词，如insist（坚持）/suggest（提议）/order（命令）/request（要求、请求）/require（要求）/recommend(提议)/urge(催促,力劝)等后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语调，即“should+do（动词原形）”，其中should能够省略。相应名词作主语跟表语从句，或相应名词跟同位语从句，也要用虚拟语调。但是假如有其它意义则例外，如suggest表示“暗示”时,所跟宾语从句就用陈说语调。,The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest.,It is suggested that he should adapt himself to new conditions.,My suggestion that he should adapt himself to new conditions hasnt been accepted.,My suggestion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English.,(2)主语从句中一些句型，如Its necessary/essential/strange/a,第10页,第10页,pity/a shame/no wonder；Its(high)time that.等句型中也惯用虚拟语调，构成形式也是“should+动词原形”。,is necessary that we should master a foreign language.,It is high time that the children should go to school.(should不能够省略),【即学即练】,单项填空,Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?,I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.,A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that,C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what,解析：选C。前一空从句是真正宾语，it是形式宾语，考察It is necessary that sb.should do sth.句型，故选C。,It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language.,A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master,解析：选B。句意为:大学生至少应当掌握一门外语。it作形式主语,that引导主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语调。,第11页,第11页,对于名词性从句使用办法和其它从句如定语从句、状语从句及其它一些固定句式使用办法上容易混淆，现将其对比分析下列：,【难点一】that省略问题,用一个恰当词完毕下列句子，使之完整、正确,I believe _ you have done your best and _ things will get better,解析：that在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位从句时，普通不省略。在引导宾语从句时,that能够省略。当由两个that引导从句作同一个动词宾语时，第二个that不可省。故第一个空可填that，也可不填;第二空填that。,下列情况that不可省略：,当that作介词宾语时，that不可省略。,The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.,当宾语从句被it替换时，that不可省略。,She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with the decision.,第12页,第12页,当that引导宾语从句中状语紧靠that时，或that从句中含有主从复合句时，that不可省略。,Im sure that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.,有插入语或其它成份把宾语从句和主句分开时，that不可省略。,He thinks,Im afraid,that he is always right.,当that引导宾语从句主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时，that不可省略。,They said that rubbing the girls leg might help.,从句主语是that时，that不可省略。,She says that that is a real gold ring.,【难点二】whether与if,用一个恰当词完毕下列句子，使之完整、正确,The question _ he will go or not has not been decided.,Please let me know _ you want to go.,解析：whether能够引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，而if不能够。在引导宾语从句时whether能够与or not直接连用，或是作介词宾语，但是if不能够。因此第题填whether;第题填whether或if皆可。,第13页,第13页,只能使用whether情形下列：,主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。,Whether he will succeed is still unknown,The question is whether it will rain.,介词后宾语从句中只用whether。,That depends on whether they will come by bus.,后面直接跟动词不定式时只用whether。,He doesnt know whether to stay or not.,宾语从句中既可用whether也可用if引导，但是若后面紧接or not时，只能用whether。,We didnt know whether or not she was ready.,【即学即练】,单项填空,Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth.,A./B.whether C.how D.what,解析：选B。依据前面动词tell可知,and连接两个并列宾语，因此后面是宾语从句，由从句中or可知答案。,第14页,第14页,【难点三】that与what,用一个恰当词完毕下列句子，使之完整、正确,My opinion is _ everyone of us takes out$5 for Janes birthday present.,_ she said puzzled him.,解析：that与what引导名词性从句主线区别在于that在所引导名词性从句中不作任何成份，只起连接作用;what在所引导从句中能够作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成份。因此第题填that;第题填What。,【即学即练】,单项填空,One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.,A.howB.why C.thatD.when,解析：选C。从句表示就是one advantage详细内容，is后是表语从句，从句中成份完整，因此所填引导词不作任何成份，故选C。,第15页,第15页,_ matters most in learning English is enough practice.,A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which,解析：选A。从题干is看出前面是主语从句，从句中没有主语，因此用连接代词what。B、C两项是连接副词，在从句中作状语,故排除。,【难点四】wh-ever与 no matter wh-,用一个恰当词完毕下列句子，使之完整、正确,_ wants to see this film can go with us tonight.,_ cold it is,I will go to school.,解析：疑问词+ever与 no matter+疑问词区别是：前者既能够引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，而后者只能引导让步状语从句。第题空白处引导主语从句，须填whoever;第题空白处引导让步状语从句，填however或how皆可。,【即学即练】,单项填空,Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales,please?,A.anyone B.someone C.whoever D.no matter who,第16页,第16页,解析：选C。依据后面是句子能够拟定用连词，故排除A、B两项。介词to后面跟宾语从句，而no matter who仅能引导状语从句，故选C。,The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.,A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever,解析：选C。依据及物动词accept和后面动词help可知,考察宾语从句，而从句中help是名词，因此引导词应当作定语。故选C。,【难点五】引导同位语从句与定语从句that区别,用一个恰当词完毕下列句子，使之完整、正确,The news _ he told me yesterday is not true.,The news _ he will go to Beijing is not true.,解析：同位语从句中连词that只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成份且不能省略，同位语从句普通放在有抽象含义名词后，用以解释名词含义或内容；定语从句中关系代词that在从句中充当主语或宾语，在充当宾语时常可省略，定语从句是对先行词限定和修饰。分析上述两题可知，第题是定语从句，故填which或that;第题是同位语从句，故填that。,第17页,第17页,【难点六】it作形式主语主语从句与强调句和定语从句,用一个恰当词完毕下列句子，使之完整、正确,It was in the hotel _ he stayed that we discussed the serious problem.,It is only lately _ he had a family himself.,It is natural _ they should have different views.,解析：强调句句型结构是It is/was+被强调部分+that,假如去掉It is/was.that句子仍然成立。通过度析可知，第题空白处引导是定语从句，故填where;第题是强调句，故填that;第题是主语从句，故填that。,第18页,第18页,1.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.(全国),A.that B.which C.what D.where,解析：选D。考察名词性从句。句意为：我们还没有讨论把我们新家具放在哪里。依据句意，宾语从句中缺乏地点状语，因此选择D。,2.Have you finished the book？,No.Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.(全国),A.which B.what C.that D.where,解析：选D。考察宾语从句和连词。up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句；由句意“读到孩子们发觉秘密洞穴地方”可知，此处用where引导宾语从句。,3._ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.(北京),A.Whether B.What C.That D.How,第19页,第19页,解析：选B。考察主语从句。句意为：一些人眼中缺点是别人眼中长处。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺乏宾语，只能用what来引导。,4.I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside.(北京),A.who B.where C.what D.how,解析：选C。考察宾语从句。句意为：我想别人喜欢我是由于我内在品质。what引导介词for宾语从句并在从句中作表语。,5.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.(北京),A.what B.that C.why D.whether,解析：选B。考察表语从句。句意为：查尔斯狄更斯喜欢他自己小说大卫科波菲尔部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人真实生活。从句中不缺任何成份，因此用that来引导。,6.One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(上海),A.that B.how C.what D.why,第20页,第20页,解析：选A。考察表语从句。从句中不缺成份，因此用that来引导,且that不能够省略。,7.When changing lanes,a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _.(上海),A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering,C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering,解析：选B。考察宾语从句。which引导句子作know宾语，句子用陈说语序。,8.As a new graduate,he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.(天津),A.how B.what C.whenD.which,解析：选B。考察宾语从句。句意为：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道在这里创业需要些什么。空格后从句中takes是动词，其后缺乏宾语，因此引导该宾语从句连接词要用what。,9.To improve the quality of our products,we asked for suggestions,_ had used the products.(重庆),A.whoeverB.whoC.whicheverD.which,第21页,第21页,解析：选A。考察宾语从句。句中为宾语从句后置来使句子保持平衡。其正常语序应为：To improve the quality of our products we asked whoever had used the product for suggestions。,10.I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.,Thats _ I dont agree.You should have a more active life.（江苏）,A.whereB.how C.when D.what,解析：选A。考察表语从句。agree 是不及物动词，从句中不缺宾语。依据句意可知，where引导表语从句，充当地点状语。,11.It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.(浙江),A.that B.what C.how D.whether,解析：选B。考察主语从句。句意为：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样副作用还不拟定。side effect副作用，还原主语从句中主干是the medicine will bring about side effect。故选what,意为“什么样”，起修饰作用。,第22页,第22页,12.We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely.(福建),A.that B.which C.what D.whether,解析：选C。考察宾语从句。who dont have what we have here 是people定语，其中who是主语，dont have 是谓语，what we have是宾语从句。宾语从句中缺乏宾语，故选C项。,13.Before the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.(山东),A.whyB.whatC.howD.which,解析：选B。考察宾语从句。句意为：在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到东西列了一个清单。分析句式结构可知，空格处于句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need宾语，因此应选B项。,14.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.(湖南),A.where B.whether C.that D.why,解析：选D。考察宾语从句。句意为：Cindy重重地关上门并且痛哭起来,办公室里没人知道她为何这样气愤。依据句意分析，应,第23页,第23页,选why。从句中缺乏状语。,15.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives.(四川),A.what B.who C.how D.why,解析：选B。考察名词性从句中宾语从句。句意为：一个人在旅游中高兴程度很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他朋友还是亲戚。介词on后跟宾语从句，从句中缺乏介词with宾语，应用连接代词。依据句末 whether his friends or relatives可知，应是和谁去，故选B。,16.It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(陕西),A.which B.what C.thatD.if,解析：选C。考察固定句型和主语从句。It occurs/occurred to sb.that.是固定句型，意为“忽然想起”，其中that引导主语从句，故选C。,17.I wonder _ there are so many natural disasters across the world in.(山东省5月高考模拟考试),A.which it is that B.what is it that,第24页,第24页,C.how it is thatD.why it is that,解析：选D。考察强调句型和宾语从句。句意为：我想知道为何世界各地有这样多自然劫难。强调句强调宾语从句疑问词。,18.The White House has clearly sent a message to the world _ Asia is important in Americas global partnership.(山东省潍坊市5月高三适应性训练),A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what,解析：选B。考察同位语从句。从句是一个意思完整句子，空格后描述是message内容。因此选B项。,19.It never occurred to me until the mid-1990s _ some animals can be cloned.(福建省普通高中毕业班质量检测),A.whereB.thatC.whenD.what,解析：选B。考察主语从句和固定句型。所填从句引导词与形式主语it构成“It occurred/occurs to sb.that.”句型，意为“忽然想起”。that引导主语从句。,第25页,第25页,20.After months of voyage,Columbus arrived in _ later proved a new continent.(山西省平遥中学高三9月份质检),A.whereB.whatC.whichD.that,解析：选B。考察宾语从句。宾语从句中缺乏主语，因此用what来引导。,第26页,第26页,