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2022-2023高三上英语期末模拟试卷
请考生注意：
1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。
2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。
第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
1．—What was it that caused the party to be put off?
—________ the invitations.
A．Because Tom delayed sending
B．Tom delayed to send
C．That Tom delayed sending
D．Tom delayed sending
2．The security judge was very _________ when she explained that the driving licence was necessary for her work .
A．reasonable B．natural C．ridiculous D．available
3．You can’t use the computer now, ________ the upgrade of the system is under way.
A．until B．unless
C．as D．after
4．According to a recent study, the high school graduation rate for black men has fallen by 43 percent, while ________ of black women has risen by 56 percent.
A．that B．what
C．one D．which
5．Despite the fact that his scores were good, they were hardly as excellent as a student with his intelligence .
A．achieved B．had achieved
C．would achieve D．should have achieved
6．When the admission letter from Harvard University arrived, Ben's parents were and threw a big party.
A．in the red B．tickled pink
C．as white as a sheet D．in a blue mood
7．Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare — you must learn to ________.
A．support B．care
C．spare D．share
8．The medicine should usually be kept out of the ________ of children at home.
A．distance B．reach
C．limit D．arrival
9．When in trouble，remember to stay calm，and everything will well．
A．turn back B．turn up C．turn down D．turn out
10．Trump said he believes North Korea will ________ its promise to suspend missile tests while he prepares for a summit with Kim Jong Un.
A．take to B．make up
C．stand by D．hold out
11．While interacting with people in India, I was ________ to a way of life completely different from my own.
A．reduced B．exposed C．committed D．transferred
12．— Catherine, will you visit us this weekend?
—I planned to, but something unexpected .
A．has come up B．was coming up
C．had come up D．would come up
13．----What happened to the young trees we planted last week？
---The trees_____________ well，but I didn't water them.
A．might grow B．needn't have grown
C．would grow D．would have grown
14．With the help of high technology in the past few years, electronic business _______ to bank industry and travel industry..
A．applied B．have applied
C．has been applied D．had been applied
15．It's great that all the visitors who on the island were saved.
A．trapped B．have been trapped
C．had trapped D．had been trapped
16．________ left the door unlocked must be held responsible for the accident.
A．Whomever B．Whoever
C．Whatever D．Whenever
17．—Did you take sides when Mom and Dad were arguing again?
—No. I’ve learned that it’s best _______ until it blows over.
A．to call it a day B．to pull their legs
C．to sit on the fence D．to wash my hands off
18．—How about going sightseeing this Saturday afternoon?
Sorry, I _______ my research report the whole weekend.
A．will have written B．will be writing
C．have written D．have been writing
19．—I have got a headache.
—No wonder.You___in front of that computer too long.
A．work B．are working
C．have been working D．worked
20．You can choose not to forgive. ________ you can also choose to let it go.
A．Absolutely B．Consequently
C．Subsequently D．Alternatively
第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
21．（6分） For a lot of people, getting a full night's sleep is nothing more than just a dream. Some of us climb into bed in the early evening, and the next thing we know, it's 2 in the morning and we're still staring at the ceiling. It's common knowledge that sleep problems can be caused by things such as stress, anxiety, or even using a smart phone before bedtime. But recently, a team of researchers discovered that genes could also be a cause of sleepless nights.
The scientists, from The Rockefeller University in New York, US, found that DSPD, delayed sleep phase disorder（睡眠时相延迟综合征）, a condition that affects one's sleeping patterns, is passed down by a mutated gene（发生变异的基因）. DSPD sufferers wake up later and go to bed later than the average person. To come to their conclusion, the team studied a 46-year-old woman who is only usually able to fall asleep at 2 or 3 in the morning. It was discovered that the woman's body produces the hormone（激素） that helps her sleep at night up to seven hours later than regular sleepers. The scientists found this is caused by a mutation in one of the woman's genes, one that helps regulate the “body clock”.
Some of the woman's family members were also found to share the same mutation — and the same sleeping problems — leading the scientists to believe that sleep troubles are passed down through the generations.
However, having this mutation doesn't mean you automatically have sleep problems. The team also found two people who had the mutation but reported no problems with their sleep.
But while this is an interesting discovery, it offers no help to those who can't fall asleep at night — although there are a few things you could try to help yourself sleep earlier.
BBC journalist Michael Mosley produced a TV documentary in May in which he talked about his battle with insomnia（失眠）and the techniques he used. “I avoid social media for at least an hour before bed, I do mindfulness exercises, and if I wake up in the middle of the night, I read a book for an hour or so,” he wrote in an article for the Radio Times.
1、What have scientists recently discovered about sleep problems?
A．Sleep problems can be a result of genetics.
B．Stress and anxiety can cause sleep problems.
C．Smart phones are the main cause of sleep problems nowadays.
D．Sleep problems are affected by sleeping patterns.
2、What can we learn about the mutation of the gene related to sleep?
A．It will delay sleep for seven hours.
B．It doesn’t necessarily cause sleep problems.
C．It will be passed down to every future generation.
D．It can be changed to help solve sleep problems.
3、What does Michael Mosley suggest doing before sleep to fight against insomnia?
A．Listening to light music.
B．Reading interesting books.
C．Keeping away from social media.
D．Doing some outdoor exercise.
4、What's the main purpose of the article?
A．To give advice on how to cure insomnia.
B．To explain different reasons for sleep problems.
C．To warn readers of the bad influences of sleeping late.
D．To report the discovery of a genetic cause for sleep problems.
22．（8分）Microsoft has developed a new smartphone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with motor neuron（运动神经元）disease to communicate with others from a phone.
The GazeSpeak app combines a smartphone’s camera with artificial intelligence to recognize eye movements in real time and change them into letters, words and sentences.
For people suffering from ALS（渐冻症）, also known as motor neuron disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate.
“Current eye-tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor problems are expensive, not strong under sunlight, and require frequent re-calibration(校对) and abundant, relatively immobile setups,” said Xiaoyi Zhang, a researcher at Microsoft who developed the technology. “To change the situation…we created GazeSpeak, an eye-gesture communication system that runs on a smartphone.”
The app is used by the listener by pointing their smartphone at the speaker. A chart that can be stuck to the back of the smartphone is then used by the speaker to determine which eye movements to make in order to communicate.
The sticker shows four grids(格) of letters, which each match a different eye movement. By looking up, down, left or right, the speaker selects which grids the letters they want belong to. The artificial intelligence algorithm is then able to predict the word or sentence they are trying to say.
1、Which is necessary to install GazeSpeak for use according to the passage?
A．a smartphone with a camera.
B．a smartphone with re-calibration system.
C．a smartphone with a sticker on the back.
D．a smartphone connected with other setups.
2、Compared with the disadvantages current input system for ALS sufferers have, GazeSpeak will be_________.
A．low-cost, strong in system, easy to take with users
B．affordable, lightweight, environmentally friendly
C．easy to operate, movable, able to check itself
D．available under strong light, rich in resources, inexpensive
3、The most possible design of the grids will be________.
A． B．
C． D．
4、What’s the purpose of writing the passage?
A．To advertise a new app. B．To call for attention to ALS sufferers.
C．To share the information of an.app. D．To show respect to the programmer of the app.
23．（8分） Flying down a 488-meter-long slide provides plenty of excitement for most people. But for those who like more extreme adventures, Nicaragua offers an even more exciting slide experience. The thought of racing down an active volcano with only a board is enough to get most people hot under the collar. But for thrill-seeking sports fanatics, boarding down a 2,380-foot-high volcano at the speed of 80 km/h is the coolest sport around.
Thousands of travelers are heading to the foothills of Nicaragua’s Cerro Negro to take part in the new sporting craze (狂热). Surfers, dressed in protective jump suits, knee-pads and helmets, receive brief instructions and then try sliding down a short slope(斜坡). After that, it’s time for the real thing. Sitting on their specially-constructed boards, surfers push off and fly straight down a 488-meter-long slope. The black volcanic ash provides a dusty, dirty ride. But boarders usually arrive at the bottom with smiles on their faces.
Phillip Southan, owner and manager of Bigfoot Hostel and Green Pathways Tours, said, "We started offering this trip in 2005 and it has become so popular. This is a unique tour as nowhere else in the world can you board down an active volcano."
"What we offer is a tour for everyone with absolutely no experience. One of the greatest attractions of the tour is that you get a bit of everything. Since 2005, more than 10,000 people have traveled to Cerro Negro to give it a try."
"When you are on the top you will have the opportunity to stand near the crater(火山口) and see a smoking volcano. But the biggest risk is that you will take the chance of getting some scratches if you fall over."
"Many years of experience has taken this tour to a level where it is safe but still fun and for some people a little frightening. We are always working on ways to continue improving it for the future."
1、Which words can best describe the slide in Cerro Negro?
A．Secure but tiring. B．Enjoyable but risky.
C．Popular but demanding. D．Worthwhile but painful.
2、What does the underlined words "the real thing" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Sliding down the volcanic slope.
B．Escaping the black volcanic ash.
C．Heading to the mountaintop alone.
D．Receiving professional slide instructions
3、In what way is the slide in Cerro Negro special?
A．It is available to everyone.
B．It has the longest slope worldwide.
C．It is based on an active volcano.
D．It offers specially-constructed boards.
4、What makes the slide in Cerro Negro relatively safe according to Phillip Southan?
A．High-tech safety facilities.
B．Knowledge and skills from practice.
C．Advanced training guidance on the slide.
D．Staff’s familiarity with the surroundings.
24．（8分）Bendable wings covered with overlapping (重叠部分) pieces looking like fish scales could be used to build more controllable, fuelefficient aircraft, a new study finds.
Nowadays, conventional aircraft typically rely on ailerons (副翼) to help control the way the planes tilt (倾斜) as they fly. However, when the Wright brothers flew the first airplane, Flyer 1, over a century ago, they used no ailerons but wires that pulled and stretched the woodandcanvas wings, to control the plane.
“Scientists have long sought to develop aircraft that can change their wings during flight, just as birds can. However, most previous attempts have failed because they relied on heavy mechanical control structures within the wings. These structures were also complex and unreliable，” said Neil Gershenfeld, a physicist and director of the Centre for Bits and Atoms at MIT.
The new wing consists of a system of tiny, strong and lightweight modules (组件). The shape of the wing can be changed uniformly along its length using two small motors, which apply a twisting pressure to each wingtip. These wings are covered in “skins” of overlapping strips of flexible material like fish scales. These strips move across each other as the wings change themselves, providing a smooth outer surface, the researchers explained.
Wind tunnel tests of these wings showed that they at least matched the aerodynamic (气动) properties of conventional wings, at about onetenth the weight. “Initial tests using remotely piloted aircraft made with these wings have shown great promise，” said Benjamin Jenett, a graduate student at the Centre for Bits and Atoms at MIT.
The new modular structures the scientists developed could be manufactured quickly in mass quantities and then installed by teams of small robots. These modular structures also can be disassembled more easily, making repairs simpler.
“Still, the first aircraft built using this strategy will not be a passenger jet，” Gershenfeld said. “Instead, the technology will likely first be tested on unmanned aircrafts, leading to aircrafts flying for a long time, to help deliver Internet access or medicine to remote villages.”
1、Why is the Wright brothers' airplane mentioned in the text?
A．To show the history of aircrafts.
B．To show the development of wings.
C．To show the need to improve planes.
D．To show the structure of conventional planes.
2、What makes planes fly like birds when they tilt?
A．Their ailerons. B．Wires and pulleys.
C．Changeable wings. D．Mechanical control structures.
3、What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The shape of the new wings.
B．The purpose of the overlapping strips.
C．The working principle of the new wings.
D．The result of windtunnel tests of these wings.
4、What does the underlined word “disassemble” mean in Paragraph 6?
A．Replace. B．Analyze.
C．Put away. D．Take apart.
25．（10分）The World Monuments Fund (WMF) is a group that identifies (确认) and helps to save important structures and land areas around the world. Recently, the WMF listed 93 endangered places in 47 countries. Here are a few of the places on the list.
The Rice Paddies (稻田) in the Philippines
These paddies were started in the 1600s and have been used for about 400 years. They were dug from a steep, rocky mountainside by people who lived in the area before modem machines were invented. The WMF wants to preserve the paddies because they are examples of advanced engineering and building by fa
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