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常见动词短语搭配.doc

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常见动词短语搭配 1.break短语: break away (from sb./sth.)(脱离,逃脱,甩掉);break one’s word(食言); break out(爆发,突然开始,主语多为war,fire,quarrel等,不能用于被动语态); break down(机器、车辆等坏掉,使分解);break in(插话,强行进入); break into(强行闯入,突然开始);break up(粉碎,关系破裂,垮掉); break the rules(违反规定,相反含义的有obey the rules); break the record(打破记录,相当于set up a record,相反含义的有hold a record); break the silence(打破沉默) 2.bring短语: bring forth(生产);bring forward(将……提前,提议); bring down(降低,打落);bring in(赚得,提出,引进); bring up(抚养,提出,呕吐).bring sb. convenience/trouble(给某人带来方便/麻烦) 3.call短语: call at someplace(拜访某地,相当于drop in at someplace); call on sb.(拜访某人,相当于drop in sb. call for(需要,要求,接);call on/upon sb. to do sth.(请求某人做某事) 4.get短语: get along/on with(与……和睦相处,进展); get down to sth,(开始做某事,如:get down to business言归正传); get in(收割,买进);get on(进展,获得成功,对付); get off(下班,出发);get through(用完,顺利通过,接通电话); get to(到达,使烦恼);get up(起床,增强); get in touch with(与……取得联系);get rid of(摆脱); get into trouble(惹麻烦) 5.give短语: give in(投降,让步);give up(放弃,投降); give out(散发,耗尽,如:My patience finally gave out:我终于忍无可忍了。); give off(发出光、热、气味等);give away(分发,送给) 6.护短语: go out(送出,熄灭);go with sth.(附属于,同意); go mad(发疯);go bad(变坏,变质); go against(违背);go on(继续) 7.hold短语: hold back(隐瞒,阻挡,抑制); hold on(坚持,等着。不要挂掉电话); hold up(耽搁,支持住);hold an important position(担任重要职位) 8.keep短语: keep back(保持距离,抑制感情等的流露,隐瞒);keep off(回避某话题,使……不接近); keep away from(远离);keep up with sth.(熟悉,继续支付) keep up with sb.(与某人保持联系);keep on(继续); keep a record(保持记录);keep one's promise(遵守诺言); keep an eye on(照看,留神,留意) 9. look短语: look after(照顾,照料);look at sth.(检查,考虑,看待); look around/round(环顾四周);look down on(看不起,鄙视); look for(期待);look out(小心); look through sth.(浏览,快速查看);look forward to sth./doing sth.(盼望,期待); look up(好转,抬头往上看,查阅);look into(调查) 10.make短语: make up(化妆,组成,编造);make up for(弥补); be made up of(由……组肼构成);be made of(由……做成,常指看得出原材料); be made from(由……制造/做成,常指看不出原材料);be made,into(被做成……); make out(理解,看清);make full/good use of(充分利用); make friends with(与……交朋友);make fun of(取笑); make room for(给……让出空间);make an apology to(给……道歉); make preparations for(为……做准备);make the bed(铺床); make a living(谋生);make money(赚钱); make peace(讲和);make tea(沏茶) 11. put短语: put away(把放回原处,积蓄);put up(提升,张贴,建立,投宿); put down(写下,放下,镇压);put out(生产,扑灭。出版); put off(取消,使反感);1put. on(穿上,浊演,增加体重); put up with sb./sth.(容忍) 12.set短语: set about(开始做,着手做,攻击); set out(动身。开始工作); set off(出发,使爆炸,引起); set up(建立) set fire to sth. /set sth. on fire(放火烧……); set an example to(为……树立榜样) 13.turn短语: turn to(翻到,向……求助); turn in(上交,取得);turn on(打开,取决手,突然攻击); turn off(关掉,不再听);turn up(偶然出现,把声音调高); ‘ turn down(把声音每抵,拒绝);turn out(结果是,出席) 14.take短语: take away(带走,解除);take off(脱下,起飞,迅速流行); take on(雇用,呈现);take in(收留,欺骗,理解:包含); take down(写下,拆掉);take up(开始从事,占据) take part in(参加);take pride in(为……感到骄傲); take place(发生);take the place of(替代); take care of(照顾);take action (采取行动 take measures/steps(采取措施) take an exam(参加考试); take one's advice(听从劝告);take it for granted (that...)(把……看成是理所当然的事) take sb./sth seriously(严肃对待某人/某事:);take... for example(以……为例) 15.follow短语: follow one's advice(听从某人的劝告);follow one's example(仿效);. follow the fashion(追随时尚);follow your nose(凭直觉行事,一直向前); 重点动词及动词词组辨析 1.afford. cost, pay. spend. take afford表示买得起,有时间做,可以指费用、时间等,常用于afford sth.和afford to do sth.结构;其他四个词都有“花费”之意,其中cost指“需付费”:常用于cost sb. sth.结构;pay常指“付多少钱”,常用于pay (sb.)for sth.结构;spend指“花时间或钱”,常用于sb.+spend+时间/钱+on sth./in doing sth.结构; take常用于It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.结构。如: We cannot afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。 The new computer costs him around $l,000.(cost的主语一般是物,且没有被动结构) 这台新电脑花费了他将近1,000美元。 Who’ll pay for the meal'?谁为这顿饭付账? Every day he spent twenty minutes (in) talking to the boy.他每天花20分钟的时间跟这个男孩谈话。 It took us a lot of time to Finish the work.完成这项工作花了我们很多时间。, 2.take part in, join in, join, attend 这四个词都有“参加”之意。take part in意为“参加,参与(某事或某活动)”;join in意为“参加”,后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或动名词;join指“加入”某个团体、组织;attend强 调“出席”,如:attend the meeting/concert,attend classes/school/a lecture等。如: It is useful to take an active part in after-school activities:积极参加课外活动是有益的。 Please join us and play together.加入我们一起玩吧! Last Saturday all of us attended his wedding.上星期六,我们都参加了他的婚礼。 He never joined in the usual sports of the boys.他从不参加孩子们的一般活动。 3.talk,speak, say. tell 这四个词都有“说”的意思。talk与speak表示“交谈,说话”时常为不及物动词,要与介词连用,如: talk/speak with/to sb. about sth.;表示”讲什么语言”时,要用speak; say强调说话的内容;tell着重“讲述,告诉”,常用的短语有tell sb. sth.,tell a lie(说谎),tell the difference between A and B(区别A和B的不同),tell A from B(分辨A和B)。 4.expect.wish.hope (1) expect:期望,预料 as expected正如所料; expect a lot of/from sh.对某人期望很高;expect too much from/of sb.对某人期望过高 expect sh. to do sth.期望某人做某事;expect to do sth.期望做某事 I'm expecting a letter.我在等一封信。 They expect to finish the work by Friday.他们预期星期五之前可以完成这项工作。 (2) hope:多指切合实际的“希望” hope for sth.希望某事发生; hope to do sth.希望做某事,而不能说hope sh. to do sth.。如: The boy hoped to see his father soon.这个男孩希望不久能见到他的父亲。 (3)wish:可以指不切合实际构“愿望”,也可.以指可以实现的“愿望”。 (just)as you wish正如你希望的那样; wish sb. welt/all the best祝愿某人万事如意;wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事;wish to do sth.希望做某事;wish for sth.盼望某事 wish可以用于虚拟语气,而上面两个近义词则不可以。如: How l wish I had time to attend the party!我多么希望我有时间参加这个晚会啊1 5.become. grow, get, turn (1) become:强调结果,即从一种状态变为另_种状态。如: That custom has now become a rule.那个习俗现在已经成为一种规则。 (2)get:用法类似于become,也是侧重结果,但多用于口语中。如: They get wiser as they get older.随着年龄的增长,他们变得更加聪明: (3)grow:强调进程,含有“逐渐….”的意思。如: The girl is growing to be more like her mother.这个女孩变得越来越像她妈妈了。 (4)turn:强调状态的变化,既说明状态和以前完全不同,又含有“慢慢地变化”的意思。如:Anxiety turned her hair white.她的头发都愁白了。 6.observe, see, watch.notice (1) observe:意思是“观察,仔细地看”,主要用于表示观察实验或研究现象等,后跟名词或从句作宾 语,可用于observe sb. do/doing结构。如: The scientist has observed the stars all。his life,这位科学家一生都在观察星星。. (2)see:强调结果,意思是“看见,看到”。注意:see一般不用手进行对态。如: He wrote down the word in order to see how to spell it. 他把那个词写下来是为了看看它是如何拼写的。 (3 )watch:强调所看到的事物的变化、移动和发展,一般不跟that从句。如: He watched the house for signs of activity.他注视着那房子里的动静。 (4) notice:意思是“注意到”,相当pay attention to I noticed them coming.我注意至H他们进来了。 7.hurt. wound .injure. destroy (1)hurt:表示“伤害”的一般用词,既可以指对肉体的伤害,也可以指对精神的伤害。如: He hurt his back when playing squash.他打壁球时背部受伤了。 What he said at the meeting hurt me.他在会议上说的话伤害了我。 : (2)wound:常指外伤,特别指在战争、打斗中受到的伤害。如: He was wounded in the war in the left ann.他在战争中左胳膊受了伤。 (3)injure:—般指在意外事故中受伤。如: Three people were killed and five injured in the crash. 撞车事故中有三人死亡,五人受伤。 (4)destroy:一般指彻底损坏,常译成“毁坏,破坏”。如: The school was destroyed completely by a big fire.学校被一场大火彻底烧毁了。 8.inspect. investigate, observe, examine (1) inspect:指为查找过失或缺陷而加以检查。如: The doctor inspected her teeth carefully.医生仔细地检查了她的牙齿。 (2) investigate:指为求得案件等的事实而调查、研究。如: The police are investigating the cause of the fire.蔫骞丐嚣调查这次火灾的原因。 (3)observe:表示“观察到,注意到”。如: We observed that it had turned cloudy.我们发觉天已转阴。 (4)examine:表示“检查、,调查”。如: My bags were examined when I entered the country.入境时,我的包接受了检查。 9.ask.beg,demand.require,request (1)ask:意为“要求,请求”。常用的搭配有:ask sb. to do sth.;ask sb. for sth.;ask for sth.。如: We asked our teacher for advice.我们向我们的老师征求意见。 (2)beg:意为“乞求,恳求”,表示谦恭地恳请,希望能满足某种较为迫切的需求,往往含有低声下气 g意思。常用的搭配有:beg sth. of/from sb.;beg sb. to do sth.;beg to do sth.;beg sb. for sth.。如: The boy begged the teacher not to tell his mother the truths 那个男孩恳求老师不要把真相告诉他的母亲。 (3) demand:含有命令的意思。常用的搭配肴:demand sth.;demand to do sth.;demand that...(从句中用虚拟语气)。如: The teacher demanded that the students (should) hand in the homework on time. ‘ 老师要求学生们按时交作业j (4) require:意为“要求,规定”j通常可与deⅡand互换,但语气较为缓和,在较正式的英语里常用被动 吾态。常用的搭配有:require sth.;require sb. to do sth.;require that...(从句中用瘦拟语气)。如: All the passengers are required to show their tickets.所有的乘客都要出示车票。 (5) request:意为“请求,要求”,常指正式或有礼貌地请求。常用的搭配有:request sth.;request sb. To do sth.;request that...(从句中用虚拟语气)。如: He requested me to stay after class. 他要求我下课后留下。 主动语态表示被动含义的词 1.want,need,require等动词后跟动名词表示被动的含义。如: His hair wants cutting.他的头发该理了。 2.在be worth doing结构中,用主动语态表示被动含义。如: The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。, 3.有些动词后加某些副词时用主动语态表示被动禽义。、这些动词一般是表示主语的某些特征,主要有well,sell,clean,write,read,wash等?常用的副词有:easily,well,quickly,smoothly等。 如: The cloth washes well.这种布很耐洗。 4.有些实义动词用作系动词,表示被动意义,不能用被动语态。常见的有:keep,feel,,look,smell,sound,stay,taste等。如: The cloth feels soft.这种布摸起来很柔软。 5.主动语态表被动含义;的动词短语有:come up,give out“(食物、燃料、力量等)用尽,用完”,run out,come out等。如: The problem came up at the meeting yesterday.这个问题昨天在会议上被提出来。 The new facts came out through the investigation.经过调查后,新的事实才为人所知。 聚沙成塔 集腋成裘   《慎子·知忠》上有云:“粹白之裘,盖非一狐之腋也。”“集腋成裘”这个成语即由此而来。古往今来,凡杰出的人物都是从众人中吸取长处和依靠众人的力量来成就功业。刚刚步入高三的学生,开始的时候也是通过一点一滴的积累而最终逐渐丰富自己、壮大自己、成就自己。
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