高考翻译备考2012,5.doc

高考翻译备考 2012,5
1. 在句型结构上
1） 主动还是被动
不及物动词无被动
belong to, suffer from, result in/from, benefit from, recover from, last,
happen, occur, take place, break out
The book sells well.
The chair needs repairing.
以下各例中的及物动词经常被动 （及物动词后必须有宾语，否则被动）
be convinced that… （确信）
be dressed in… （穿。。衣服）
be faced with… （面临）
be informed of sth （知道，了解）
be left behind 比较 fall behind （落后）
be seated 比较 sit （坐）
be located/ situated in… （位于，坐落在）

2） 逗号不能连接两个句子，通过判断句子之间的逻辑关系确定适当的连词

3） 在中文里，从句的主语往往被省掉。翻成英语要把主语添上
如：我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。(once) 2010秋考
We all agree that once the conclusion of the investigation is reached/drawn, it will be made known to the public as soon as possible.

4） What is the subject?
l 中文是地点做主语，英语要把地点作状语. （以下各例中划线部分才是主语）
1998年云南发生地震
近几年上海发生了巨大的变化
这个地区严重缺电
据报道，这个国家三分之一的城市缺水

l 以下各例中要根据关键词的用法确定主语，不能受中文的影响
如果方便的话，请你帮我到邮局取一下包裹。 (If (it is) convenient,…)
她今天下午有可能来参加会议 (It is possible that she will…)
你可以在互联网上找到你感兴趣的信息 (The information is available…)
她没有想到Tom会当学生会的主席 (It never occurred to her that…)
她的病好了 (She had recovered from her illness.)
倍数问题：这家工厂今年生产的自行车是去年的两倍
The factory has produced twice as many bicycles as it did last year.
这家店这个月售出的数码相机是上个月的三倍
The store has sold three times as many digital cameras as it did last month.

2. 在时态上 (太重要了！！)
1） 单句时态 在过去的十年里 In the past ten years/decade, S + has/have done
2） 复合句时态
从句里的时态:
Word came that he had been admitted to …
It never occurred to me that Tom would be elected monitor of our class.
在时间和条件状语从句中应主将从现
since的时态
It is/has been three years since he joined the army.
I have lived in London since I left school in 1995.
比较before 的时态
It was two months before they got married.
It will be many years before we meet again .
某人第几次做某事
It is the first time that S + have/has done
It was the first time that S + had done
越…就越…
The more… the more…
The calmer you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
一…就…
Hardly had sb done sth when sb did sth
No sooner had sb done sth than sb did sth
比较：
the moment/ as soon as 时态一致 （一般过去时）
The moment/As soon as he got back home, his cell phone rang.
特殊句型
Sb was/were about to do…when S + did sth
She was about to leave when it began to rain.
强调句型 （时态一致）
It was not until he reread the poem that he appreciated the beauty of the poem.
3. 在名词单复数，冠词的使用上
1） 如information, equipment, knowledge，advice 都是不可数名词
2） 身为教师，我希望能对我的学生有所帮助。
他们的新房子离学校很远。(far) 2007年
各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。(add to) 2007年
医生建议我戒烟
书本就像银行。。。
4. 正确把握词性
中文：动词 英语：形容词/介词

对。。。好奇 be curious about sth
害怕 be afraid of…
渴望 be eager for sth/ to do sth
意识到 be aware of sth/ be aware that…
灭绝 be/become extinct
缺席 be absent from…
欣喜若狂 be wild with joy
感谢 be grateful/ thankful to sb for sth
对。。。感兴趣 be interested in sth
对。。。满意 be satisfied/ pleased with …
感到羞愧 be ashamed of …
支持，反对 be for/ against sth
为了纪念 (作状语) in memory of…/ in honor of…

注意以下各例中划线部分的词性
to our relief/ amazement
will succeed
be threatened with extinction
be aware of the hidden danger
to stay healthy

中文里的介词往往不翻出来，英语里要根据动词的固定搭配添上适当的介词。
英语 中文
inform sb of sth
I forgot to remind him of the time for the interview. 我忘了提醒他面试的时间accuse sb of sth charge sb with sth
rob sb of sth
cure sb of sth
convince sb of sth ( convince sb that…)

provide sb with sth supply sb with sth 比较：offer sb sth
reward sb with sb 比较：award sb sth
object to
agree with/ to/ on sth agree that… agree to do sth
participate in… 比较 attend vt.

5. 一句多译 所给的关键词不同
1） able, capable
他能再很短的时间内接触一道数学难题。
He is able to solve/ He is capable of solving a complicated math problem in a very short time.
2） worth, worthy
这部电影值得推荐。
The film is worth recommending.
/ The film is worthy of being recommended.
/ The film is worthy to be recommended.
3）thankful/grateful, appreciate
我们非常感谢他们为我们提供免费的图书。
We are grateful/thankful to them for providing us with the free books.
We really appreciate their providing us with the free books.
4）consist of, be made up of
这个救援队由十个有经验的医务人员组成。
The rescue team consists of ten experienced doctors and nurses.
The rescue team is made up of ten experienced doctors and nurses.
5) realize, come true
6) likely , possible
他今天下午可能来开会。
He is likely to attend the meeting this afternoon.
It is possible that he will attend the meeting this afternoon.
7) sit, seat
他坐在一棵大树下。
He sat/ was sitting under a big tree.
坐在树下的那人是个诗人。
The man sitting/ seated under the tree is a poet.
8) although, in sprite of/despite, as (倒装)
尽管他很出名，他仍然很谦虚。
Famous as he is, he remains modest.
9) realize, be aware of
10) depend on, be determined by
一个人的成功取决于诸多因素。
A person’s success depends on/ is determined by many factors.

6. 一些容易用错的词：
1. lack vt./ n. lack sth a/the lack of sth for lack of… (因为缺乏)
2. contact vt./n. contact sb keep in contact with sb
3. blame Sb be to blame for sth

7. 主谓一致问题
Anyone who + 动词单数
Those who + 动词复数
Whoever 引导名从 whoever + 动词单数
*No matter who 只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句
*Where 不能作主语，只能在从句中作地点状语
…医护人员还是迅速赶到出事地点, 实施救援。 2009年秋考
典型错误：The medical team arrived where happened the accident,… (×)
正确译文: The doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue/to carry out the rescue/ and carried out the rescue.

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