名词性从句总结.docx

名词性从句总结
名词性从句总结

编辑整理：

尊敬的读者朋友们：
这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（名词性从句总结）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为名词性从句总结的全部内容。

10

名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）.名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语，形容词宾语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题,连接词的选用，时态呼应等。
◆名词性从句的共同点：1）主句和从句之间不能用逗号隔开
2）从句部分用陈述句语序
◆引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词：that， whether ,if 不充当从句的任何成分
连接代词：what， whatever( anything that)， who, whom，
whoever （anyone who）， whose， which,whichever
连接副词：when, where， how, why
一 。 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句.主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether， 连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
That she is still alive is a miracle。
It doesn’t matter whether they will come or not。
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
Who will win the match is still unknown.
Whichever book you like would be bought for you as a present.
Whatever I do is for the good of you.
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
When we should close the shop on the holiday has not been decided.
Where the meeting will be held has not yet been announced。
It is known to us how he became a writer。
Why he did so has not been clear.
★ 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语，
而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语一般用单数形式。
常用句型:
(1) It is ＋名词＋从句. It is a fact/a shame/an honor/no wonder/no surprise that… It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
(2) It is＋形容词＋从句
It is natural/strange/clear/likely/(im)possible/obvious/ true/good/fortunate/certain/surprising that… Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems/happened/appears/turns out /struck me/ occurred to me that… It struck me that I still have to finish another task. (4) It is ＋过去分词＋从句
It is reported/announced/expected/arranged/suggested/ demanded/hoped/known that… It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week。
★在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should) +do”，常用的句型有:
It is necessary （important, natural, strange, possible,etc。） that …
It is a pity (a shame， no wonder， etc.) that…
It is suggested （requested， proposed, desired， ordered，demanded,recommended,etc.) that… It is necessary that the manager should sign all the copies,not just thetop one. It is a pity that our team should lose the game. It is desired that we should arrive there before dark.
二 。 宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的 关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语.
1。 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分,无意义. 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。 He has told me (that ）he will go to Shanghai tomorrow。 The letter says （that) they are leaving on Sunday。 ★注意下列情况一般不省that： ① The teacher said （that） the boy was not bright and that he was not worth teaching. （ 当从句部分含有两个或两个以上的宾语时， 第一个从句中的that 可以省略. 第二个从句中及之后的that不能省略.) ② They said yesterday that they had seen the film. (主句的谓语动词之后有状语时,that不宜省略.） ③ I guess， Mr. Smith, that you are a little over 50。 （宾语从句被插入语和主句谓语动词隔开时，that不宜省略。) ④ She has made it clear that she has nothing to do with him。 （宾语从句用it作形式宾语时,that不宜省略。） ⑤ I remember that before liberation my family were often hungry. （从句部分状语或状语从句前置时，that不宜省略。）
★在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist， desire， demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”.
I insist that she （should） do her work alone。
The commander ordered that troops （should） set off at once.
★注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。 如主句是过去式，从句一般要使用与过去相关的时态。 I thought you were having a break now。
The teacher told the children that the earth is round . （从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态）
★ think， believe, imagine， guess, expect, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式 移到主句中.
We didn’t think you were here。 我们原来认为你不在这。
I don't believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
★ it 可以作为形式宾语
it可以作为形式宾语,而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾, 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
We heard it that she would get married next month。 They want to make it clear to the public that they do an import job. 2. whether或if引导的宾语从句，意思为“是否”，保持陈述句语序。 I asked him if/whether Tom had arrived. I want to know whether/if the thief was caught on the spot.
3。 who，whom， which， whose, what， when, where， why， how, whoever， whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句， 应注意句子语序要用陈述语序，应弄懂连接词的含义和作用。 （既疑问词的意义和它在句子中所做的句子成分） She always thinks of how she can work well. He will give whoever needs help a warm support. He asked how long I was going to stay in the hotel。 The map doesn’t show us where Egypt is. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is. Nobody knows why he mentioned that in the meeting. I still remember when this used to be a small village。 It is considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants。 The computer can only do what you have instructed it to do。 I read it in some book or other, does it matter which it was？ Mary wrote an article on why the team had failed to win the game. That depends on how much you want to spend. Eat whichever cake you like and leave the others for whoever comes in late。

三 。 表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。 可以接表语从句的连系动词有be， look， remain, seem等。
The question is whether we can make good preparations in such a short time. （ 不用 if 引导) This is why we can't get the support of the people。
But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting。 The town is no longer what it used to be。 Go to the teacher's office and get your book. That’s where you left it。 Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s what it takes to do anything well.
★有时表语从句用as if,as though,as，because引导。 It looks as if /as though it is going to rain. His teacher was angry. That /It was because he was very late。 Things are not always as they seem to be。
四 . 同位语从句
同位语从句是对其前面的名词进一步解释说明。是名词的具体内容 。 可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
1. 同位语从句一般由that引导
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general。
★that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
（1） 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语）， 而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
（2） 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述; 同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明.

The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year。 （that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语)
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him。 （同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
★同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off。
2. 由其他词引导的同位语从句(if不引导同位语从句）. They have no idea at all whether he has come。 I have no idea how far the airport is from here。
◆对名词性从句的一些补充：
1。 who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别
一般说来,what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义， 意为“无论什么/无论谁"。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A. however B。 whatever C。 whichever D。 whenever . 解析：答案是B，whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what,因为题意想表达的是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的"，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。 I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. （这里的who表特定的某人）
2。 where， when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句 . where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是： 这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。 -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week。 —Is that ____ you had a few days off？ . A. why B。 when C。 that D. where . 解析：答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。 这里之所以选why，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。

3.“介词+who(m）引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别: 介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。 It was a matter of ____ would take the position. A。 who B。 whoever C。 whom D。 whomever 解析:答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who
4. 名词性从句中有插入成分时 . 此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装,而在插入成分上倒装； 二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择. ____ you have seen both fighters, ____ will win? A. Since； do you think who B。 As; who you think C。 When； whoever D. Since; who do you think 解析：根据上面的讲解，不难知道答案是D。其中do you think是插入成分， 其余部分是宾语从句,作think的宾语;由于引导词在从句中作主语， 所以要用主格who(不用宾格whom)。
5. 引导词that的省略
引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。. China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A。 what B. which C. 不填 D。 it that 解析：该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语， 所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是C。
6。 同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点
说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致. 1。Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money。 2。This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago。 A. where B。 that C。 about which D. in which 解析：答案分别是1.A 2。A/D
1题中的question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句,所以where不能改用“介词+which"的形式。. 2题中的house与where同表地点，先行词与where, when概念一致时，是定语从句，且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替，所以答案A 和D都可以引导。
7。 whether与if 在作“是否”讲时在下列情况下 一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时； Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. b。 引导表语从句时; The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test。
c 。 引导从句作介词宾语时； Everything depends on whether we have enough money。 d. 从句后有“or not”时； I wonder whether he will come or not. e。 后接动词不定式时。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay？
8。 宾语从句还可以用在某些形容词之后 , sure, glad,certain，sorry， afraid, worrided 等后可以接名词性从句。
Theacher was pleased that his students had passed the exam.
Are you certain that you’ll get there in time？
I'm not sure if/whether his work has been finished。
9。 that从句可以做介词in和except的宾语
其他介词后需加it形式宾语再加 that 从句。
The suit fitted him well expect that the colour was a little brighter。
He is different from his classmates in that he devote his spare time to reading.
You may depend on it that I will always help him.