专升本辅导1.doc

专升本辅导1
句型
1. 主语+谓语(+状语)
1）Internet dating hurts.
2）Man proposes; God disposes.
3) Great minds think alike.
2. 主语+系动词+主语补足语（表语）
1）I am a Webaholic.
2) Chatting on the Internet is interesting.
3) Learning English is important.
4) The best proof of love is trust.
5) Bread is the staff of life.
***还有一下系动词：
A. feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear
a. The rose doesn’t smell much.
b. The iron feels hot.
B. become, grow get, turn, fall, go, come
a. Our supplies of sugar and rice fell short.
b. The jokes fell flat
C. continue, remain, stay, keep, hold, rest, prove
a. The weather continued fine for several days.
b. He has fallen into the habit of doing morning exercises to stay healthy.
3 主语+谓语+宾语
1) He speaks English well.
2) I like chatting on the Internet.
3) Beauty will buy no beef.
4) I’ll pick you up this evening.
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
1）Chatting online will bring you a lot of fun.
2) He showed the guard his passport.
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
1）We can call Internet addicts a Webaholic.
2) You can leave the door open.
*** appoint, believe, call, choose, consider, declare, elect, feel, find, keep, leave, let, make, name, nominate, prove, see, suppose, vote,
a. I believe him to be true.
b. The chairman declared the meeting over.
c. A hedge between keeps friendship green.
6. 双宾语和复合宾语的区别
1） I made John our chairman.
2) I made John a cake.

练习 1 （句型）
1. Willa Cather considered her novel My Antonia ____.
A. was her best work B. her best work
C. her best work it was D. being her best work
2. She often makes her family members _____.
A. are her subjects B. her subjects C. are subjects D. which her subjects
3. President of the United States was to name Donehogava _____ of Indian Affairs.
A. as was Commissioner B. Commissioner
C. was Commissioner D. him Commissioner
4. The novelist Edith Wharton considered the writer Henry James ____.
A. that a strong influence on her work B. as strong influence on her work
C. a strong influence on her work D. was a strong influence on her work
5. In 1993 the Library of Congress appointed author Rita Dove ____ of the United States.
A. as was poet laureate B. was poet laureate
C. poet laureate D. and poet laureate
6. In 1952 Earnest Hemingway published The Old Man and the Sea, _____.
A. won him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954
B. and the Nobel Prize for Literature won in 1954
C. in 1954 won the Nobel Prize for Literature for this work
D. a work that won him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954
7. Her work in generics won United States scientist Barbara McClintock ____ in 1983.
A. was the Nobel Prize B. the Nobel Prize
C. the Nobel Prize D. for the Nobel Prize
名词从句
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句（陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）
1. 陈述句句首加that, e.g.
That English is difficult is not my idea.
2. it作形式主语至于句首，而将主语从句放在句末， e.g.
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
It is reported that ---
It’s believed that ---
It is generally thought that ---
It should be noted that ---
It is natural ---
It is necessary ---
It is a pity that ----
It is good news that ---
It is no wonder that ---
It is my belief that ---
一般疑问句用whether或if来引导
1）主语从句：
Whether he comes or not makes no difference to me.
2) 宾语从句
I don’t know if/whether he needs my help.
3) 表语从句
My concern is whether he comes or not.
4) 同位语从句
They are faced with the problem whether they should continue to work.
3. 特殊疑问句充当四种成分，变成陈述句语序，而不用倒装
1） 主语从句
When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided.
Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery.
What he told you is true.
2) 宾语从句
I have not decided whom I should vote for.
Could you tell me where the post office is?
3） 表语从句
The point is whose book is the most interesting.
This is where our basic interest lies.
4) 同位语从句
I have no idea who he is.
The question who should go abroad on this business tour requires consideration.
练习
I. 将下列句子改成it作主语的句子
1. That the word is round is a fact.
2. That he has been late for work over and over again is a serious matter.
II. 将括号里的疑问句变成名词从句
1. ____is unimportant to me. (Does she come?)
2. _____ remains uncertain. (Shall we have the match?)
3. I am interested in the question _____. (Will people live on the moon someday?)
4. I wonder ____. (Why did dinosaurs become extinct?)
5. I need to find out ____. (How old does a person have to be to get a driver’s license?)
III. 综合练习
1. No one knows exactly ____ .
A. how did speech begin B. how speech began
C. how the beginning of speech D. of how beginning speech
2. It is obvious ____ on more important things.
A. which the money should we spend B. what the money should we spend
C. that the money should we spend D. that we should spend the money
3. ____ hard water does not mix well with soap.
A. That is a well-known fact B. That is a well-known fact in which
C. It is a well-known fact that D. It is a well-known that
4. ____ every magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field.
A. It believes that B. It believed that
C. It is believed that D. It’s believing that
5. _____ was to return to school.
A. That really interested him B. What really interested him
C. Which really interested him D. That interested him really
6. Stopping pouring polluted water into the river is _____ the factory has to solve at present.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
7. A hinge joint is ____ permits the forward and backward movement of a door.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
8. It’s doubtful ____ the government of that country can accept them as permanent residents.
A. whether B. that C. how D. what
9. It has always puzzled me ______ the old man tied a red silk ribbon on the young tree in his courtyard.
A. that B. why C. where D. what
10. Scientists have reached the conclusion ____ the temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher.
A. what B. that C, which D. as
11. An idea came to her ____ she might do the experiment in another way.
A. that B. what C. when D. which
12. _____ the temperature of the Earth is getting higher and higher..
A. It found that B. It was found that
C. It was found for D. It finds that
13. He wondered ____.
A. what will be his wife’s reaction B. what would his wife’s reaction be
C. how would be his wife’s reaction D. what his wife’s reaction would be
14. He asked me ____ I intended to do after my graduation.
A. that what B. what C. that D. which
15. Listening carefully to ____ in class means less work later.
A. what does the teacher say B. What the teacher says
C. that the teacher says D. which the teacher says
16. After the accident, I opened my eyes slowly and realized ____ I was still alive.
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
17. John didn’t say ____ he would return, but I presume he’ll be back for dinner.
A. that when B. when C. if or not D. where
18. He works too hard. That is ____ is wrong with him.
A. that which B. that what C. what D. the thing what
19. _____ to space travelers is high acceleration or deceleration forces.
A. Danger can be B. What can be dangerous
C. They can be dangerous D. While danger
20. According to some educators, the goal of teaching is to help students learn what ____ to know to live a well-adjusted and successful life.
A. do they need B. they need C. they are needed D. as they may need
21. ____ the trainer wanted to tell is ____ Asian elephants are easier to tame than African ones.
A. That, those B. What, that C. What, the D. That, the
22. _____ the London Zoo will adopt as a measurement at the critical moment is to try all ways preserving the animals in the zoo.
A. That B. What C. It’s D. Whether
23. The problem now is ____ we can adopt to overcome the difficulties in shortage of funds.
A. what measure B. that measure C. measure that D. measure which
一、名词性从句
主语从句
1. That he doesn’t understand English is obvious.
2. That the world is round is fact.
3. That the moon itself does not give off light is common knowledge.
***
1. It is obvious that he doesn’t understand English.
2. It is a fact that the world is round.
3. It is common knowledge that the moon itself does not give off light.
4. It s a shame that you did not pass the test.
常见：
1. It is +v-ed +that clause
1) It’s reported that
2) It’s believed that
3) It is generally thought that
4) It should be noted that
5) It has been found that
6) It must be pointed out that
2. It is + adj. +that clause
1) It is clear that
2) It is likely that
3) It is natural that
4) It is certain that
5) It is strange that
6) It is fortunate that
3. It is +n. phrase +that clause
1) It is a pity that
2) It is good news that
3) It is a good thing that
4) It is no wonder that
5) It is an honor that
6) It is my belief that
7) It is a miracle that
宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
1. 宾语从句
1). I think (that) you are right.
2) We know (that) the world is round.
3) I think that a sound knowledge of grammar is necessary to good writing.
2. 表语从句
My idea is that that child should be sent to school.
3. 同位语从句
1) He was prepared to prove his theory that two different weights would fall to the ground at the same time.
2) The fact that he succeeded in the experiment please everybody.
3). The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.
*** 一般疑问句
1．主语从句：
Whether he comes or not makes no difference to me.
2. 宾语从句
I don’t know if/whether he needs my help.
3. 表语从句
My concern is whether he comes or not.
4. 同位语从句
They are faced with the problem whether they should continue to work.
*** 特殊疑问句
1. 主语从句
1) September 11, 2001 started out as an ordinary day, but what happened that morning will be forever remembered.
2) What we need is wholly new kind of police.
3) What he told you is true.
4) Who will chair the meeting has not yet been decided.
5) When the meeting is to be held has not been decided.
6) Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery.
7) How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is.
2. 宾语从句
1) The mother will buy whichever books her son wants.
2) I have not decided whom I should vote for.
3) They gave who came to the meeting a pamphlet.
4) Could you tell me where the post office is ?
5) We don’t know why he did not come yesterday.
3. 表语从句
1) Change is what keeps us fresh and innovative. Change is what keeps us from getting stale. Change is what keeps us young.
2) The point is whose book is the most interesting.
3) Money is what we are badly in need of.
4) Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is a mystery. Today is a gift. That’s why it’s called the present!
5) The point is when you will become rich.
6) This is where our basic interest lies.
7) My question is where we are going to have our holidays.
4. 同位语从句
1) I have no idea who he is.
2) The question who should go abroad on this business tour requires consideration.
3) I have no idea when he will return.
4) There arose the question where we could get the loan.
二、定语从句
先行词指人，
1. who 和whom的区别1
1) I like the people who I work with.
2) I like the people with whom I work.
3) I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
4) I’m talking about friends with whom you can share almost everything.
5) I think you should stay faithful to the person who you’re married to.
2. who 和whom的区别2
1) A rich person is not one who has the most, but is one who needs the least.
2) Only the people ____ have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.
A. who B. whom
表示人或物的所有关系
1) When I looked through the window, I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away.
2) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at the time.
3) Atlas was a kneeling man on whose shoulders the world rested.
先行词指物
1. which可指代单个名词
1) Perhaps it is human to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not.
2) He likes climbing mountains, which is a good exercise.
2. which可指代前面整个句子
1) Tom was late, which surprised me.
2) He tore up my photo, which upset me.
3) She wore her swimming things in the office, which shocked her boss a great deal.
4) He ran all the way from the station, which I thought was unbelievable.
That的重点：
1. 当先行词既有人又有物时，用that
The writer and his novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us.
2. 先行词为指物的all, little, few, much, none, the first, 用that
1) All that glitters is not gold.
2) This book contains little that is useful.
3) There is not much that can be done.
4) As long as you stand up to the difficulties, there are none that cannot be overcome.
3． Something, anything, nothing, everything,
Is there anything that I can do for you?
4. any, only, all, every, no, some, much, few, little, the only, the one, the very, the right, the last
1) Tell us all things that you know.
2) There is no difficulty (that) they can’t overcome.
3) The only thing that we should do is find our way home.
4) The very problem that I want to solve is like this.
5) He is the only man ____ can speak four foreign languages in our company.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom

定语从句
先行词、关系词
1. 关系代词
先行词指人才能用who/whom, 区别
表示人或物的所有关系， 用whose
先行词指物，用关系代词which
That可以指人，也可以指物，不可用在非限定性定语从句中
The world _____ we live is made up of matter
A. in which B. in that C. which
下列情况最好用that*****
1）当先行词既有人又有物时，
The writer and his novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us.
2) 先行词为指物的all, little, few, much, none, the first, 用that
This book contains little that is useful.
There is not much that can be done.
3) 先行词是不定代词something，anything, nothing, everything
Is there anything that I can do for you?
4) 先行词被any, only, all, every, no, some, much, few, little,序数词，最高级，the only, the one, the very, the right, the last修饰
Tell us all things that you know.
There is no difficulty (that) they can’t overcome.
The only thing that we should do is find our way home.
The very problem that I want to solve is like this.
5) 在从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省去
2. 关系副词
1) when
I’ll never forget the day when I met you.
I’ll never forget the day on which I met you.
We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so busy.
2) where
Do you know any place where I can buy Clint’s grammar book?
This is the restaurant where I often have my breakfast.
3. that引导定语从句和同位语从句的区别
a. The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue.
b. The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.
1. Friendship is a very difficult thing. It is hard to handle. It creates many different problems. In fact I would say that friendship is as hard to handle as love is, or even marriage. Of course I am not talking about easy-come-easy-go friendship. I’m talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who su