初二英语知识点总结材料.doc

初二英语知识点总结材料 初二英语知识点总结：（一）一般今后时一般今后时表示今后某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示今后的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。be going to do （动词原形）构造：表示打算、预备做的事情或者确信要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.will do 构造表示今后的用法：1. 表示预见Do you think it will rain?You will feel better after a good rest.2. 表示意图I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?根本构成如下：一般疑征询句构成：（1）will+主语+dohellip;? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?（2）there be 构造的一般疑征询句：Will there + be hellip;?Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont否认句构成：will + not （wont）+doSarah wont come to visit me next Sunday.特别疑征询句构成：特别疑征询词will主语hellip;？What will Sarah do next Sunday?按照例句，用will改写以下各句例：I dont feel well today. （be better tomorrow）Ill be better tomorrow.1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）_2. Im tired now. （sleep later）_3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）_4. We cant leave right now. （leave a little later）_5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）_答案：1. Shell have a lot of homework tonight.2. Ill sleep later.3. Theyll buy one soon.4. Well leave a little later.5. Maybe itll be better tomorrow.（二）should的用法：should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否认句直截了当在should后边加not.例如：I think you should eat less junk food.我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.她经常开车，特别少走路。因此我认为她应该多走路。Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games.学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。学习向别人提建议的几种句式：（1）I think you shouldhellip;（2）Well, you couldhellip;（3）Maybe you should hellip;（4）Why dont youhellip;?（5）What about doing sth.?（6）Youd better do sth.用should或shouldnt填空1. I cant sleep the night before exams.You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed.2. Good friends _ argue each other.3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some.4. They didnt invite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier.5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day.答案：1. should 2. shouldnt 3. should 4. should 5. should（三）过去进展时过去进展时表示过去某一点时间正在进展的动作或者过去某一段时间内不断进展的动作。1. 构成was /were + doing，例如：I was watching TV at 9 oclock last night.at 9 oclock last night是时间点They were playing football all afternoon.all afternoon是时间段2. 过去进展时的标志词at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。At that time she was writing a book.那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里不断在做那件事情。）用括号中所给动词的适当方式填空。1. This time yesterday I _ _（read）books.2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party.3. When I _（come）into the classroom, she _ _（read）a storybook.4. She _ _（play）computer games while her mother _ _（cook）yesterday afternoon.5. I _ _（have）a shower when you _（call）me yesterday.答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called（四）间接引语构成步骤：（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）（3）要考虑时态的变化（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。1. 直截了当引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律直截了当引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般今后时过去今后时现在进展时过去进展时2. 直截了当引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律直截了当引语1. am / is2. are3. have / has4. will5. can6. may间接引语1. was2. were3. had4. would5. could6. might用括号中所给动词的适当方式填空。1. She said I _（be）hard-working.2. Peter told me he _（be）bored yesterday.3. She said she _（go）swimming last Sunday.4. Bobby said he _（may）call me later.5. Antonio told me he _（read）a book then.答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading请转述别人说的话：1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）4. Im having a surprise party for Lana. （she）（五）if引导的条件状语从句构造：if一般现在时，主语今后时含义：假设，将要例如：If you ask him, he will help you.假设你恳求他，他会协助你。If need be, well work all night.假设需要，我们就干个通宵。按照中文提示，完成句子。1. 假设你参加聚会，你将会过得特别欢乐。If you _ the party, you _.2. 假设明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。If it _ tomorrow, we _.3. 假设你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。If you often _, you _.答案：1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time2. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the picnic3. If you often listen to English songs, youll like English二. 完形填空特点及解题思路（一）题型分类与特点完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉假设干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保存的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的根底上，按照句子和句子间的内在联络、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通畅、前后连接、构造完好。这种题型测试的内容从方式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须留意到短文中上、下文意思连接、词语搭配和语法构造正确，因此在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原那么，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基此题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中假设干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供假设干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的根底上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最正确答案，使短文内容完好正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项根本都属于一样或对等的词类，给断定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重调查了考生准确运用词汇的才能及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理才能。2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序陈列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的方式填入短文空格内。（A）Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短语）have a day off“. He 2 , then he had an idea. Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? “he asked the teacher. Of course, you can. “replied （答复）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teachers door. May I have a day off5 ? “The teacher was very surprised, Didnt you 6 it just now? “Yes, sir. But I cant be here 7 , either. “The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, Why didnt you sayMay I have two days off? “The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. But you only 10 ushave a day off! “（ ）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for（ ）2. A. thought hardlyB. thought hard and hardC. hard thoughtD. thought and thought（ ）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr（ ）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock（ ）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once（ ）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do（ ）7. A. tomorrowB. the day after tomorrowC. yesterdayD. the day before yesterday（ ）8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing（ ）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by（ ）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching（B）请按照内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完好，有些词要按照需要作适当的词形变化。than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, whatA generation gap （代沟）has become a serious problem. I read a _（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _（2）after quarrels （争吵）with parents. I think this is _（3）they dont have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _（4）time in the office. _（5）they dont have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _（6）they dont have the same topics（话题）to talk about. I want to _（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _（8）your parents. They are the people who _（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （方法）. In this way, you can have a better _（10）of each other.完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的根底上才开始断定选择，切忌仓促下笔。2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的根底上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联络上、下文内容，留意从上、下文的语法构造和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子构造入手，按照短文意思、语法规那么、词语固定搭配等进展综合考虑，对备选项逐一进展分析、比较和选择，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。比照拟明显直截了当的、本人最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，接着往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力处理难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深化，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连接、顺理成章，语法构造是否正确，是否符适宜应表达法。如觉察错误答案或有疑征询的，应再次揣摩、反复斟酌、做出修正。完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：1. 跳过空格、通读短文、理解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，理解全篇的内容和要旨。要注重首句，擅长以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，揣测全文主题及大意。2. 复读短文、确定语义、推断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再按照空格在句子中的位置，推断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再按照词语搭配和语法规那么，推断所填的词的正确方式。3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连接考虑。把所填的答案放入短文中进展检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法构造是否正确无误等进展综合验证，凡有疑征询必须重新揣摩考虑。（三）课文阅读指导1. 初中阅读阅读理解才能（1）理解主旨要义（2）理解文中详细信息（3）按照上下文猜测生词的意义（4）做出简单推断的推理（5）理解文章的根本构造（6）理解作者的意图和态度2. 培养良好阅读习惯（1）扩大视距（2）克服声读（3）克服逐字读3. 猜测词文（1）通过标题或主题句进展预测（2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进展预测，以便正确理解。（3）通过语篇标记进展预测（4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。（5）利用背景知识预测（6）利用图片进展预测【模拟试题】（答题时间：80分钟）一. 选择填空。（ ）1. Beijing won the chances _ the 2008 Olympics.A. to host B. host C. hosting D. hosted（ ）2. Tiger Woods can make billions _ dollars a year.A. for B. with C. of D. on（ ）3. You looked so beautiful at the party._.A. No, I dont think soB. Of courseC. Thank you very muchD. No, Im not beautiful（ ）4. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a few B. a little C. few D. little（ ）5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My cheese“was an interesting book.A. that B. what C. how D. if（ ）6. In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.I dont agree. Speaking is _ reading.A. as important as B. so important asC. the more important D. the most important（ ）7. If he _ harder, hell catch up with us.A. work B. works C. worked D. will work（ ）8. The manager _ that the business would be worse after the stock （股票）went down.A. talked B. told C. said D. spoke（ ）9. We should keep _ in the reading-room.A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly（ ）10. I think everything goes on well._.A. So I do B. I do so C. So do I D. So is I（ ）11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _.A. down B. it on C. on it D. it off（ ）12. Im sorry I havent got any money. Ive _ my handbag at home.A. missed B. left C. put D. forgotten（ ）13. He is listening to the music _ she is washing clothes.A. after B. before C. that D. while（ ）14. It takes _ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.A. more B. fewer C. longer D. less（ ）15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser?Sorry, I havent. Why _ you ask Mary? Perhaps shes got one.A. do B. dont C. did D. didnt二. 选择恰当的答语。_1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? A. Your teacher wont let you in._2. Will people use paper B. He said I couldnt stay out late.money in the future?_3. I cant sleep, what should I do? C. I was doing my homework._4. If I wear jeans to school, D. No, they wont. Everyonewhat will happen? will have a credit card._5. What did your father say? E. You should listen to somerelaxing music.三. 按照汉语提示填空：1. 不明白该如何办，你能给我点建议吗？I dont know _ to do, can you give me some _?2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个。While the alien was _ a souvenir, I _ the police.3. 我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。On my way home from school, I saw a cat get _ _ a window.4. 我不想在里跟你谈论这件事情。I dont want to talk _ it with you _ the phone.5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。We are going to have a _ party for John _ Friday evening.四. 完形填空：把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完好。Three men went up in a balloon（气球）. They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope （绳子）, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. 4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London!A. The men tried to throw out some more sandB. they were able to change its weight （重量）C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.D. they climbed to get away from the snowE. the air there was very cold五. 阅读理解（A）Einstein Was Waiting for His FriendOnce Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies.1. What did Einstein do? He was _.A. a doctor B. a teacher C. a scientist2. Why was Einstein on a bridge.A. Because he was writing something on the bridge.B. Because he was waiting for a friend.C. Because he was thinking.3. It rained _.A. sometimes B. for some time C. for a long time4. Einstein _ and began to write something on it.A. bought a piece of paper.B. took a piece of paper from his car.C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket.5. Which is true?A. Einstein was careful with his work.B. Einstein was careful with his clothes.C. Einstein was careful with his friends.（B）生活中总会有许多意外事故发生，明白得急救或自救是特别重要的。请阅读下面材料，按照15小题所描绘的抢救方法，从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画（此题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多项选择不给分。）1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.2. If the person is bleeding （流血）badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.3. If you are bitten （cut by teeth）by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possible.4. If you are burnt （hurt by fire or something very hot）, cool the burnt part at once. Run cool （not cold）water ov