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牛津英语7A Unit 4重点难点讲解
1. Let’s have a hamburger. 让我们吃个汉堡包吧。(P58) 2024年12月22日13:18:15
“Let’s”是“Let us”的缩写形式,其后接动词原形(即省去to的动词不定式)。以“Let’s”开头的句子为祈使句。例如:
Let’s go fishing.让我们去钓鱼吧。
Let’s play badminton. 让我们打羽毛球吧。
2. I need a lot of energy. 我需要许多能量。(P58)
(1)句中的need作动词,意为“需要”。例如:
Do you need my help?你需要帮助吗?
I don’t need any money.我不需要钱。
need还可作情态动词,常用于否定句。例如:
---Must I finish the work today?---No, you needn’t.
——我必须今天完成这项任务吗?——不必。
(2)a lot of = lots of 意为“许多、大量的”,相当于many或much。例如:
He has a lot of friends here. = He has many friends here.他这儿有许多朋友。
Her parents have a lot of money. = Her parents have much money.她父母亲很有钱。
3. You never exercise. 你从来不锻炼。(P58)
(1) never是副词,意为“永不,从不,决不,从未,一点也不”。通常置于行为动词之前、be动词或助动词之后。例如:
We never go to school on Sundays.我们星期天从来不上学。
I am never late for work.我上班从不迟到。
I will never forget your birthday.我决不忘记你的生日。
(2) 句中的exercise 作动词,意为“锻炼”。例如:
My father exercises in the park every morning.我父亲每天早晨在公园锻炼。
exercise还可作名词,意为“锻炼”。例如:
We need enough exercise every day.我们需要每天锻炼。
4. I walk to my bowl many times a day. 我一天跑向我的饭碗好多次。(P58)
(1)句中的walk为不及物动词,walk to相当于go to … on foot,意为“步行去……”例如:
She walks to school every day.她每天步行上学。
walk也可作及物动词,意为“带……散步,带……遛弯”。例如:
She walks him every day. 她每天带他散步。(P28)
walk还可作名词,意为“散步,溜达”。例如:
I take my dog for a walk every day.我每天溜狗。(P14)
He often goes for a walk after supper.他经常晚饭后去散步。
(2) times意为“次数、倍数”,属可数名词。例如:
We have meals three times a day.我们一天吃三顿饭。
time也可作不可数名词,意为“时间”。例如:
We don’t have much time to chat with each other at school. 我们在学校没有多少时间相互聊天。
5. What is your favourite food? 你最喜爱的食物是什么? (P59)
They are my favourite.他们是我的最爱。(P59)
句中的favourite是形容词,意为“心爱的,最喜爱的”,修饰名词。例如:
What is your favourite colour? 你最喜爱的颜色是什么?
favourite也可作名词,意为“最喜爱的东西,最爱”。例如:
This song is one of my favourites.这首歌是我最喜爱的歌曲之一。
6. I want to be a dancer. 我想要当舞蹈家。(P60)
(1)want to be …意为“想要当/成为……”,want to do sth.意为“想要干某事”。例如:
My sister wants to be a teacher when she grows up. 我妹妹长大后想要当教师。
I want to go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午我想要去购物。
(2)dancer是由动词dance加后缀-er变化而来的。例如:
Wait-waiter; play-player; work-worker, teach-teacher;
drive-driver; write-writer;
swim-swimmer; run-runner;
7. It’s easy for me to get tired when I dance. 我跳舞时很容易疲劳。(P60)
(1)该句的句型结构为“It is adj. for sb. to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说…”, it为形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式to do sth.。因此,原句可改写为:To get tired when I dance is easy for me。例如:
It is important for us to read English every day.= To read English every day is important for us.
It’s not easy to learn English well.= To learn English well is not easy.
It’s great fun to play computer games.= To play computer games is great fun.
(2)句中的get为连系动词,与tired构成系表结构。例如:
The young man looks so cool.这位小伙子看上去很酷。
I feel happy to be with you.跟你在一起我很开心。
The cake tastes delicious.这蛋糕偿起来很好吃。
I feel hungry. I want to have some bread.我感到饿了,想吃些面包。
I feel tired after swimming.游泳后我感到疲劳。
8. I usually have fruit and vegetables because I want to be healthy. 我通常吃水果和蔬菜,因为我想健康。(P60)
because是连词,后接表示原因的状语从句;because of后接表原因的词或短语。例如:
I like my classroom because it is big and clean. 我喜欢我的教室,因为它既大又干净。(P24)
I don’t like the mooncakes because they are too sweet.我不喜欢月饼,因为太甜了。
He can’t play football any more because of his poor leg.由于可怜的的那条腿,他不感再踢足球了。
9.After class, I also like playing computer games and chatting with my friends on the Internet.课后我也喜欢玩电脑游戏和在网上与朋友聊天。(P60)
also是副词,意为“也”,与too同义,但also一般置于行为动词之前、be动词或助动词之后;too一般置于句末。例如:
She is also from America.= She is from America, too.
I also like singing.= I like singing, too.
either也可表示“也”,但通常用于否定句, 一般置于句末。例如:
We don’t go to school on Sundays. They don’t go to school on Sundays, either.
10. It's time for me to change now. 我现在该改变了。P60)
此句型为It's time for +名词/代词+to+动词原形,是一个常用的句型,意为“某人该做某事了;某人做某事的时间到了;是某人做某事的时候了。”例如:
It's time for the students to play games. 学生们该做游戏了。
It’s time for us to go to school. 我们该上学了。
这一句型也可用下列句型:
(1)It's time for+名词。例如:
It’s time for class.该上课了。
It's time for lunch. 是吃中饭的时候了。
(2)It's time to+动词原形。例如:
It's time to go to school.= It's time for school. 该去上学了。
It's time to have supper.= It's time for supper. 是吃晚饭的时候了。
11. I plan to go swimming twice a week. 我计划一周游泳两次。(P60)
(1)go swimming意为“去游泳”。go+V-ing结构表示去进行带有娱乐性的体育活动。例如:
go running去跑步
go shopping 去买东西 go fishing去钓鱼 go skating去溜冰
(2)twice意为“两次,两倍”。例如:
Amy goes to the Swimming Club three times a week. Amy一周去游泳俱乐部三次。(P64)
对twice a week,three times a week等提问时,用How often。例如:
How often does Amy go to the Swimming Club?
12. How much do you know about food? 关于食物你知道多少?(P63)
(1)How much常用来对不可数名词的数量提问,也可用于询问价钱,还可询问抽象名词或表示事物总称的名词的数。例如:
How much milk do you need?
How much do you know about their school?
How much is the chicken?
(2)若对可数名词的数量提问,通常用how many。例如:
How many people are there in your family?
13. How often do they exercise? 他们多长时间锻炼一次?(P64)
How often常用于对频率的提问,意为“多长时间一次”,其答语通常是once a week, three times a month, sometimes等表示频的副词及短语。例如:
---How often do you go to see your parents?---Twice a month.——你过多久去看你父母亲一次?——一月一次。
---How often does your cousin play computer games? ---Three times a week.——你表弟多长时间玩一次电脑游戏?——一星期三次。
---How often do you go fishing?---Never, but my father does once a week.——你过多久去钓一次鱼?——从不,不过我父亲每周去一次。
14. Daniel spends all his free time sitting in front of the computer. Daniel把所有的业余时间都花在电脑前面。(P64)
此句型为spend some time (in) doing sth.,意为“某人花费……时间干某事”,spend后接动词,介词in可省略;spend后接名词时,用句型spend some time on sth.,意为“某人在某事方面花费……时间”。例如:
I usually spend about an hour doing my homework every day. = I usually spend about an hour on my homework every day. 我每天通常花半个小时做家庭作业。
He spends fifteen minutes walking to school.他花15分钟步行上学。
也可用it takes sb. some time to do sth.这一句型,意为“某人花费……时间干某事”。例如:
It takes half an hour to cook.要花半个小时做饭。
上面的两个例句可分别改写为:
It usually takes me about an hour to do my homework every day.
It takes him fifteen minutes to walk to school.
15.You are not fit at all.你一点也不健康。(P69)
(1)at all意为“一点也(不)”,常与not连用,构成句型not…at all。例如:
I’m not tired at all.
---Are you hungry?---Not at all.
not与at all连在一起,用来表示“答谢”。例如:
---Thank you.--- Not at all. (=You’re welcome.)
(2)句中的fit是形容词,意为“健康的,结实的”,相当于healthy。例如:
If you want to keep fit, you should take more exercise.
16. Congratulations! 祝贺你(们)!(P65)
Congratulations是名词,常用复数形式,其后可接to sb.或on doing sth.,意为“向(某人)祝贺(某事)”。例如:
Congratulations to you on winning the match.
Congratulations on your success(成功).
17.I like hamburgers but I don’t eat them any more.我喜欢汉堡包,不过我不再吃了。(P70)
not…any more意为“不再……”。例如:
I won’t be late any more.我再也不迟到了。
He doesn’t play computer games any more.他再也不完电脑游戏了。
18. Good luck with your new diet and lifestyle. 愿新的日常饮食几生活方式为你带来好运(成功)。(P70)
(1)luck是名词,意为“运气、幸运”。例如:
He always has good luck.他总很走运。
I wish you luck. 祝你幸运。
(2)若表示“祝(你)好运;祝(你)顺利;祝(你)平安!”,则表达为:Good luck!
Good luck 后接人时用 Good luck to sb.,Good luck后接sth.时用Good luck with sth. 例如:Good luck to you!
Good luck with your English!
要点解析
1. Let’s have a hamburger. 我们吃个汉堡包吧。
Let’s 是Let us的缩写,意为“让我们”,表达一种建议。
Let’s go to school. 我们去上学吧。
2. You’re always hungry, Eddie. 埃迪,你总是很饿。
Be hungry, 意为“饥饿”。
Tom needs a hamburger. He is hungry. 汤姆要一个汉堡包,他饿了。
3. I need a lot of energy. 我需要大量的能量。
a lot of 意为“许多”,相当于many或much, 可修饰不可数名词,也可以修饰可数名词。
I have a lot of apples. 我有许多苹果。
At Mid-Autumn Festival, we eat a lot of nice food. 在中秋节我们吃很多美食。
energy 为不可数名词,用a lot of, lots of 或much 修饰。
4. What about + n / doing 表达一种建议。
What about Sunday?
What about going fishing.
5. I want to be a dancer. 我想成为一名舞蹈演员。
want to be, 意思是“想成为”。
Kitty wants to be Daniel’s friend. 基蒂想成为丹尼尔的朋友。
I want to be a teacher when I grow up. 我长大了想当一个老师。
6. It is important for a dancer to be healthy. 对一个舞蹈演员来说,健康是重要的。
“It is important for someone to do something” 意为“做某事对某人很重要”。
It is important for us to learn English 学英语对我们来说很重要。
It is important for us to keep healthy. 保持健康对我们来说很重要。
7. Now, I always eat an apple for breakfast… 现在,早餐时我总是吃一个苹果……
eat… for breakfast / lunch / dinner, 意思是“早/午/晚餐吃……”。
I often have noodles for breakfast. 我早餐常吃面条。
I always eat hamburgers for lunch. 我午饭总是吃汉堡包。
8. After class, I also like playing computer games and chatting with my friends on the Internet.课后我还喜欢玩电脑游戏,与朋友在因特网上聊天。
chat with sb. 意思是“与某人聊天”,也可说have a chat with sb.
I often have a chat with my friends on the telephone. 我常在电话里跟朋友聊天。
9. I do not eat fast food any more. 我不再吃快餐了。
not… any more = not… any longer, 意思是“不再”。= He is not a child any longer. 他不再是个孩子了。
10. twice a day 一天两次。
“一次”once,“两次”用twice, “三次以上”用基数词或相当于数词的代词加times。
three times a day. 一天三次。
many times a day. 一天许多次。
11.① 名词复数的规则变化 (书 Page 61)
② 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的。
man — men woman — women
child — children sheep — sheep
③ 表示国籍的名词,有的在词尾加-s,表示该国的人,如an American—three Americans;有的单、复数形式相同,如a Chinese — four Chinese等。
12. 频度副词
副词按意义分类可分为方式副词、地点副词、时间副词。often等词属于时间副词中表示频率的副词,称为频度副词。
1)频度副词按照其发生频率由高到低排列如下:
always usually often sometimes seldom never
频率高 频率低
(100) (0)
2)频度副词在句中的位置如下:
① 在第一个助动词或情态动词(及not)之后。
I will always remember this. 我将永远记住这件事。
② 在单个be动词之后。
He’s often busy. 他经常很忙。
③ 在单个实义动词之前。
He never eats hamburgers. 他从不吃汉堡包。
④ 频度副词用来加强语气时,可放在句首或句尾,often在句尾时常被very或quite修饰。
Sometimes we go by ship. 有时我们坐船去。
But I walk sometimes. 但有时我步行。
He writes to me quite often. 他常给我写信。
⑤ 对频率副词提问用“How often”。
13. There be 句型的就近原则。
There be句型中的be动词形式由最靠近它的名词决定。
There is a bottle of water and two apples in her bag.
14. What do we need to buy? 我们需要买什么?
need 意思是“需要”,这里是实义动词,而不是情态动词,因此后面动词前要加to。
We need to buy some vegetables. 我们需要买一些蔬菜。
I need to get a pair of shoes. 我需要买一双鞋。
15. less than three times a week. 一周不到三次
less than,意思是“不到;少于”,与more than相反。
less than two weeks. 不到两周。
more than three hours. 三个多小时。
16. You are not fit at all! 你一点都不健康!
fit = healthy 意思是“健康”,形容词。
keep fit 保持健康。
17. Do you feel better? 你感觉身体好点了吗?
better 是well的比较级。
He is now much better than before. 他的身体比以前好多了。
18. Good luck with your new diet, Ricky. 祝你新的饮食有好的效果,里基。
good luck with sth.
19. I like vegetables because they are good for me. 我喜欢吃蔬菜,因为它们对我身体有益。
be good for…意思是“对……有益”,be bad for 意思是“对……有害”。
Sweet snacks are bad for health. 甜零食对身体有害。
Eating fruit is good for your health. 吃水果对你的身体有好处。
20. There are no calories in water, so you can drink it without getting fat. 水中没有热量,所以你喝了不会发胖。
without 是“没有,不”的意思。
He often comes to school without having breakfast. 他常不吃早饭就来上学。
Li Lei can do his homework without his father’s help. 李雷没有他父亲的帮助也能完成家庭作业。
Fish can’t live without water. 鱼儿离不开水。
Unit 4 Food 精讲
学习内容
1. 学习使用频度副词 never, seldom , sometimes, often, usually, always的用法
2. 学习名词的复数形式
3. 学会使用不定冠词
4. 学习简单的用餐用语
5. 本单元应掌握的重点单词、短语和句子
重点难点
单词
Hamburger, vegetable, fruit, bread, meat, juice, water, story, tea, salt, tomato, soup, luck, need, exercise
Hate, change, feel, carry, mean, stay, taste
Hungry, tired important, healthy, sweet, fast , dry, favourite, large, fast, seldom, often
短语
Not….any more, a top student, of course, a glass of water, fast food, dried fish, ice cream, less than, not ….at all ,take in , twice a week
句子
I get tired when I dance.
It is important for a dancer to be healthy.
I changed my diet because I want to be healthier.
I always have a healthy meal for dinner.
I usually have bread for breakfast.
I seldom ate fruit and vegetables.
What do you need to buy?
It takes half an hour to cook.
How often do you exercise?
必背词汇
1.Healthy 健康的 如:
Fruit and vegetables are healthy food. 水果和蔬菜是健康食品。
Take care of yourself. I hope you are happy and healthy.照顾好你自己。我希望你健康快乐。
名词形式:health如:
Eating too much fried food is not good for your health.
吃过多油炸食物对你的健康不利。
2.Exercise
(1)作可数名词,意思是“练习、训练”如:
Our Maths teacher often asks us to do a lot of exercises.
我们数学老师经常让我们做很多练习。
Exercise-book练习本,exercises(复数)体操,morning exercises 早操
(2)作不可数名词,意思是“操练;锻炼”如:
Old people should not do much strong exercise.
老年人不应该做太多剧烈的锻炼。
(3)作动词,意思是“锻炼”。如:
It,s very useful to exercise regularly.
定期锻炼很有用。
3.Taste尝 如:
Please taste this soup.请尝一尝汤的味道。
尝起来….(连系动词,后接形容词)如:
It tastes sweet.这东西吃起来很甜。
味道 如:
Tae taste of the fish is very nice.这鱼的味道很不错。
4.Many times a day 一天许多次
这一结构为:次数+周期。如:
Once a week 一周一次
Twice a month一个月两次
Three times a year 一年三次
5.Fish鱼
在数量方面,fish单复数同形。如:a fish 一条鱼,two fish两条鱼。Fish也可以有复数形式fishes,但表示不同种类的鱼。
6.Get tired 感到疲劳
Get用作连系动词,译为“变得”“觉得”,与形容词tried一起构成系表结构,表达疲劳之意;也可以用be tired来表达此意。
另外,get/be tired 之后可加介词of ,表示“厌倦…”“讨厌….”.如:
Most pupils are tired of doing their homework.大多数小学生都不喜欢做家庭作业。
7.Not…any more不再…如:
I don’t eat sweet snacks between meals any more.我再也不在用餐之间吃甜食了。
Now he is not late for school any more.如今他上学再也不迟到了。
8.Mean意味着;意思是 如:
That means I take in about 2 000 calories every day.那就意味着我每天吸收2 000卡的热量。
I mean you should work harder from now on.我的意思是从现在起,你得更加努力地学习。
Mean to do sth. 打算做某事。如:
Do you mean to go there by air?你打算乘飞机去那儿吗?
Meaning意思 如:
What’s the meaning of your words?你的话是什么意思?
识记句型
1.I get tired when I dance.当我跳舞时,我感到很累。
这是一句带有时间状语多句的主从复合句。时间状语从句的引导词为when,意为“当…的时候”。如:
We like listening to music when we have a dinner.我们喜欢吃饭时听音乐。
2.It’s important for a dancer to be healthy. 对于一个舞蹈演员来说,健康是很重要的。
此句中含有动词不定式的复合结构:
It is +for… to do sth. 对…来说做某事…
其中for…to do sth。是动词不定式的复合结构,在句中是真正的主语,it 为形容主语。如:
it’s helpful for us to read English every day.
对我们来说,每天朗读英语是有帮助的。
3.How often do you exercise?你多长时间进行一次体育锻炼?
How often询问做某事的频率,回答可以是具体的间隔时间,也可以是表示频率的副词。如:
How often do you eat fruit and vegetables?
I eat fruit and vegetables every day.
How often do you walk to school?
I never walk to school.
How long询问做某事持续的时间,答语中的时间常用介词for 引出。如:
How long do you watch TV every night?
I watch TV for 2-4 hours every night.
4. it takes half an hour to cook.做饭要花半小时。
It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.这是一个固定结构,表示做某事要花费(某人)多少时间。如:
It takes my grandfather one hour to read newspapers every day.
我爷爷每天花一个小时看报纸。
It took us two hours to have the big meal last night.昨晚我们花了两个小时吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
精讲语法
1. 副词
英语里表示频度“由少到多”“由低到高”的副词依次有:never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always.它们在句中通常放在连系动词、情态动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。如:
I always eat an apple for breakfast我早饭总要吃一个苹果。
Millie is never late for class. 米莉上课从不迟到。
Simon often helps his mother in the garden.西蒙经常帮助妈妈在花园里干活。
2. 词的复数
名词复数的变化规则:
(1) 一般情况直接加s。(S在清辅音后读[S],在浊辅音和元音后读[Z])
如:books, pens , boys.
(2)以s, z, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es.(es读[Iz])
如:buses , boxes
(3)以“辅音+y”结尾的名词改Y为I,再加es.(es读[z])
如:babies
(4) 以f , fe结尾的名词改f, fe结尾的名词改f , fe为ves.(ves读[vz])
如:knives
(5)以o 结尾的名词一般情况加es,少数加s.(es 读[z];s读[z])
如:tomatoes, potatoes, pianos, kilos.
3. 不定冠词 a/an
(1)概述:a/an 常用于可数名词单数前,起泛指作用。
(2)用法:
A.表示数量“一个”.如:I have a brother and two sisters.
B. 表示“每一个”。如:we go home twice a week.
C. 表示“某一个”。如:a girl often comes to see them.
D. 表示一类人、物。如:This is a chair and that’s a desk.
E.用在
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