新东方考研翻译(2001-2005).doc

考研历年真题大全（2001-2005）2001年英译汉试题In less than 30 years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BTs futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world, to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, he says. 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of manmachine integration: It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids 75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.参考答案及解析：71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, / and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them / when they offend. 第二、句子的结构是：1)主干结构是带双主语的存在句：There will be television chat shows., and cars.2)两个主语都带有定语：第一个主语television chat shows的定语是过去分词短语hosted by robots，第二个主语cars的定语是介词短语with pollution monitors。3)定语从句that will disable them修饰的先行词是pollution monitors，最后一个从句when they offend是定语从句中的状语从句。第三、词的处理：television chat shows hosted by robots 由机器人主持的电视谈话节目，重点词hosted 主持cars with pollution monitors 装有污染监控器的汽车disable them 使汽车失灵(停止运行)them和they指代汽车offend 多义词(汽车)污染超标，违规完整的译文：71)届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell- television, and digital age will have arrived.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, / computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, / relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是几个并列的简单句：Children will play with dolls., computers.will be regarded as., relaxation will be in front of., and digital age will have arrived.2)dolls带有过去分词短语equipped with personality chips做定语，computers的后置定语是介词短语with inbuilt personalities，personalities等于personality chips，宾语workmates rather than tools是并列结构，表示选择。第三、词的处理：dolls equipped with personality chips 装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃personality 个性，性格computers with in built personalities 个性内置的计算机rather than 而不是relaxation 休闲、放松、娱乐、消遣smell television 气味电视机digital age 数字化时代完整的译文：72)儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了。73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world, / to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates / when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 第二、句子的结构是：1)主句是简单句，to produce是结果状语。2)calendar后面的that.是定语从句。3)后面的when引导的也是定语从句，不是时间状语，译作的。4)to take place作前面名词的定语。第三、词的处理：Pearson 皮尔森(人名音译)pieced together 汇集；综合around the world 世界各地，全世界produce 编制a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历the latest dates 最近日期key breakthroughs 重大突破，关键性突破完整的译文：73)皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: / It will be the beginning of the long process of integration / that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. 第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是that., is only the start of.系表结构2) beginning后面有多重定语：两个of短语和一个that will ultimately lead to定语从句。3)Pearson points out插入语，翻译时放在句首。4)在the long process of integration结构中，integration前省略了定语man-machine，翻译时要补出。5)lead to a fully electronic human动词和宾语之间意思省略，翻译时要加词。第三、词的处理：that 代词作主语，指代上文前面“的”a breakthrough 突破，一定要译出。the start of manmachine integration 人机一体化的开始lead to 引起出现，导致产生a fully electronic human 完全电子化的仿真人，完全的电子人before the end of the next century 在下世纪末之前完整的译文：74)皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：And home appliances will also become so smart / that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout / of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage. 第二、句子主干结构是：so smart that.如此以至于(从句)第三、词的处理：home appliances 家用电器smart 聪明，智能化result in the breakout of 引发，导致，出现psychological disorder 心理混乱(失调)kitchen rage 厨房狂燥症，厨房愤怒，厨房生气完整的译文：75)家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病-厨房狂燥症。2002年英译汉试题Almost all our major problems involve human behavior，and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior，but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. (61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind，feelings，traits of character，human nature，and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. (62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important，but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull，it selects，and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. (63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago，and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood，however，effects once assigned to states of mind，feelings，and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions，and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems，however，until it replaces traditional pre-scientific views，and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. (64) They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends? (65) Until these issues are resolved，a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.参考答案及解析：61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为两段：One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science / continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 第二、句子的结构是：1)主干结构是表语从句One difficulty is that. 2)almost all of what is called behavioral science是表语从句中的主语部分，后面是简单的谓语和宾语结构。第三、词的处理：continues to trace behavior to继续针对研究行为behavioral science 行为科学states of mind 心态，意识状态feelings 感情traits of character 性格特点完整的译文：61)难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The behavioral sciences have been slow to change/partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and/partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.第二、句子的主干结构是：主句+两个并列关系的原因状语从句之所以，部分是因为，部分是因为第三、词的处理：the explanatory items 用以解释的要素(内容，项目)other kinds of explanations 其他解释方式完整的译文：62)行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为四段：The role of natural selection in evolution/was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, /and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual/is only beginning to be recognized and studied.第二、句子的主干结构是两个表示时间对比的并列句The role of.was formulated only., and the selective role of.is only beginning to.每一个句子的主语都比较长，都是名词+介词短语结构。第三、词的处理：in evolution 在演化中formulated 阐述；表述；解释；论证shaping 形成(造就)maintaining 保持，维护recognized 认可，承认完整的译文：63)自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and theyre essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, /and theyre essential to practices/in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是两个并列句They are the possessions of . and theyre essential to. 2)in which.是practices的定语从句。第三、词的处理：They 它们(自由与尊严)，代词做主语Possessions 所有物autonomous (self-governing) 自主行为的；自我管理的；自我约束的practices 实践活动is held responsible for 对负责given credit for 认可；赞誉；给予肯定完整的译文：64)自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Until these issues are resolved, /a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, /and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.第二、句子的结构是：1)主干结构是复合状语从句Until these issues are resolved, a technology., and with it. 2) and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems的完整表达是the only way to solve our problems will possibly continue to be rejected with it.其中it指代前面主句的内容。第三、词的处理：Until 如果不，直到a technology of behavior 研究行为的技术手段be rejected 被抛弃；被拒绝；被反对with it 随之；伴随着它完整的译文：65) (如果)这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的惟一方式可能也随之受到排斥。2003年英译汉试题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos human and logos the study of. By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylors formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th