语言与文化模拟测试题2.doc

第一部分选择题
I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.（20% )
1. Culture can be defined as the attributes of man or _______of a population. ( )
A. behavior B. phenomenon
C. life way D. institution
2. Language is an instrument used in the __________of thought. ( )
A. patterns B. structure
C function D. communication
3. ______is what is communicated by the way in which a speaker or writer organizes a message, in terms of ordering, focus, or emphasis. ( )
A. Conceptual meaning B. Thematic meaning
C. Social meaning D. Affective meaning
4. Kangaroo is a word that refers to _____________related features. ( )
A. history B. geography
C. politics D. living style
5. ______is a noble man holding the highest hereditary tide outside the royal family. ( )
A. Duke B. Knight
C. Hippie D. Cowboy
6. " 再见" in Chinese convey the wish
A. "Good luck for you"
B. "God be with you”
C. "Buddha be with you”
D. "Looking forward to seeing you again"
7. If someone says, "What a big house you’ve got.” the complimented might respond, ( )
A. "Thank you, it' s just so so "
B. "No, it is quite small"
C. "Really? I think it’s not big enough to live in"
D. "Thank you . It’s quite big, I was lucky to be able to get it"
8. " Mr. Right" corresponds to______________. ( )
A. 白马王子 B.绝代佳人
C. 大男子主义 D. 天之娇子
9. "To throw me a curveball” is derived from ( )
A. football B. baseball
C. basketball D. handball
10. ______is the planet second in order from the sun, derived from the Roman goddess of love and beauty. ( )
A. Venus B. Jupiter
C. Uranium D. March
11. The______color is usually associated with celebrations and joyful occasions. ( )
A. white B. black
C. red D. blue
12. Analogy is often made in English between______and people who are rude or hot - tempered or people with high intelligence or remarkable power of endurance. ( )
A. bears B. horses
C. monkeys D. foxes
13. ______are defined as "a class of grammatical forms used in speaking to or about a social superior." ( )
A. Honorifics B. Terms of humility
C. Euphemisms D. Taboos
14. According to the degree of sounding pleasant, the euphemisms for the word "old" canbe arranged in the order of , from the least to the most. ( )
A. elderly people, old people, senior citizens
B. old people, elderly people, senior citizens
C. elderly people, senior citizens, old people
D. 01d people, senior citizens, elderly people
15. "Negro" and "回回" are clear cases of ( )
A. swear words B. verbal taboos
C. racist language D. terms of humility
16. " 谨祝编安" can be translated into ( )
A. Merry word to you B. Happy day to you
C. Wish you do well in your editorial work D. Best wishes
17. If someone heard that he had been admitted to the famous university, he whispered to himself, "I' m the luckiest man in the world." He used_______here.
A. simile B. metaphor
C. association D. hyperbole
18. "Santa Claus” is a loan word from ( )
A. French B. German
C. Dutch D. Indian
19. In most English speaking countries prostitution is legal. That is why ______can be advertised through mass media in English culture. ( )
A. sexual service B. domestic service
C. medicines D. products
20. The "OK" gesture and the solute gesture are typical cases of ( )
A. illustrators B. emblems
C. affect displays D. adapters

II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement .There might be more than one correct answer (10%)
21 .The properties of culture are ( )
A. Culture is human specific
B. Culture is general and abstract
C. Culture is a national phenomenon
D. Culture is a historical phenomenon
22. Word______are pejorative in meaning in English but are positive or neutral in Chinese. ( )
A. ambitious B. do - gooder
C. capitalist D. propaganda
23. ______are weapon names in English. ( )
A. Gerald B. Oscar
C. Henry D. Giles
24. In English______are often used together with the addressee’s given name. ( )
A. brother B. Sister
C. uncle D. aunt
25.______are related to religion. ( )
A. Jupiter B. A Solomon
C. The garden of Eden D. The old Adam
26. English speaking people often use ( )
A. green with envy B. green - eyed
C. green - eyed monsters D. red- eyed
27. ______are the euphemisms for the word "poor" in official documents in English. ( )
A. Needed B. Needy
C. Underprivileged D. Disadvantaged
28. The styles of language include ( )
A. frozen B. formal
C. casual D. intimate
29. The letter "i" in the "missile" can be pronounced as ______in American English. ( )

30. The basic categories of human territory are ( )
A. Primary territory B. Secondary territory
C. Third territory D. Public territory
第二部分非选择题
III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)
31. Connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning and collective meaning can be brought together under the heading___________.
32. Language is _______means that only human beings possess what can be called language in the true sense of the term.
33. It is often said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese a __________ one.
34. "______" is the contracted form of "God be with you " and therefore carries a religious connotation, though it corresponds to "再见" functionally, while "再见" convey the warm wish to see each other again.
35. The English proverbial equivalent for "勿以貌取人" is____________
36. A is a direct comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by "like' or “as "____________
37. in both English and Chinese excreta and the acts of human excretion are to be avoided in___________.
38. In the five styles of language, ___________style is used for conducting most business matters, but not among close friends.
39. Generally speaking, the American English is the product of_______________.
40. The V - shaped gesture means "victory", which was created by __________during World War II.
41. Handshaking and hugging between close friends can be interpreted as____________
42. ______time orientation refers to how people feel, think, or perceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives.

IV. Answer the following questions briefly. {12%}
43. What are late- late TV shows?
44. Where is the strait of Messina?
45.What similarities and differences can you find between "white" and "白"?
46. Can the four categories of logical relationships be found between adjoining paragraphs?
47. Why is English culture often referred to as noncontact culture?
48. What are the major differences between English and Chinese speakers in postures?
V. Translation. (16%)
A. Translate the following into Chinese. (8 % )
49. All are of the dust, and all turn to the dust again.
50. He that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.
51. The child is father of the man.
52. What he said left a bad taste in my mouth.
B. Translate the following into English. (8%)
53．久仰，久仰大名。
54．前车之覆，后车之鉴。
55．——她没告诉你该干什么吗?
——不，告诉了。
56．金无足赤，人无完人。
VI. Define the following terms. ( 10% }
57. text
58. phrasal verbs
59. journalism
60. psychological time orientation
61. standard appellative
VII. Discuss the following topics : { 20 % }
62. Discuss the conceptual and cultural differences between English and Chinese kinship terms.
63. Discuss why some Chinese learners of English speak English as if they were reading aloud a book?

语言与文化标准预测试卷(二)参考答案
I.1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.C 1 2.A 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.C 19.A 20. B
II.21.ABCD 22. BD 23.ABD 24.CD 25.BCD 26.ABC 27.BCD 28.ABCD 29.BC 30. ABD
III. 31. associative meaning 32. human - specific 33.paratactic 34. Good - bye 35. Judge not according to appearance 36. simile 37. polite conversations 38. consultation 39. Britain' s maritime expansion 40. Winston Churchill 41. friend ship - warmth touch 42. Psychological
IV. 43. Late - late TV shows are filthy TV shows that are on late at night.
44. The strait of Messina lies between the southern coast of Italian peninsula and the island of Sicily.
45. In both English and Chinese, "white (白)" has similar connotations: purity, innocence. But white and " 白" might often be used in different ways. "White" is not necessarily associated with something good, while " 白" seems to have more metaphorical connotations than its English equivalent.
46. Yes, they can be used to link paragraphs.
47. Because the English speaking people feel more comfortable when communicating at greater distances.
48. Generally speaking, English speakers' postures are more casual than Chinese speakers’. English speakers may also look more aggressive than Chinese speakers.
V.A.49. 人人来自泥土，又变回泥土。
50.知识越广，遗憾越多。
51. 从小知其人。
52. 他的话使我感到很不是滋味。
B.53. I’ve heard a lot about you. /Your name is well known here to us.
54. Let another’s shipwreck be your seamark.
55.--Hash’t she told you what to do?
--Yes, she has.
56. There are less to every wine.
VI. 57. The term "text" refers to any piece of spoken or written language, which expresses a complete meaning.
58. Phrasal verbs are one type of idioms, consisting of a verb and a particle, either an adverb or a preposition or of a verb, a noun and a preposition.
59. The term "journalism" is defined as anything that appears in newspapers or magazines or anything that is written by a journalist.
60. Psychological time orientation refers to how people feel, think or perceive time and how it influences their daily communication and lives. There are three psychological.
61 . Terms of family relationships like mother, father, son, uncle, aunt, grandmother, grandfather, etc. can all be used as vocatives and are terms as standard appellatives.
VII.62.In both English and Chinese, there is one - to - one correspondence only in "父" vs. "father", "母" vs. "mother", "儿" vs. "son", and "女" vs. "daughter" . Although the distinction between blood relatives and spouse relative is made in both English and Chinese, the distinction between paternal and maternal relatives is often ignored in English, as in "grandfather", "grandmother", "grandson" ,"granddaughter, etc. the distinction between "兄" and "弟”, "姐" and "妹妹”, "伯父" and "叔父", "伯母" and ",叔母" is ignored in English. That is, the seniority among relatives of the same generation or the age factor becomes blurred. In English kinship terms the distinction between male and females relatives, as well as the distinction between paternal and maternal relatives, and the distinction made according to the seniority of relatives of the same generation, is ignored in "cousin " . In short, in English more inclusive terms are preferred, while in Chinese finely tuned terms are used to refer to relatives. In English speaking countries independence is highly valued. As a result, couples or parents and their under grown children live together to form what are called nuclear families. In this situation the finely tuned kinship terms may not be necessary. In contrast, the kinship relationship was very important in ancient China and remains so at least in the rural areas. "四世同堂 ", "人丁兴旺", "多子多孙", "家大业大 ", etc. show the Chinese people' s inclination to large or extended families in which parents, their children, their grandchildren and even their great grandchildren may all live together. Though maternal relatives are not members of these large families, "Blood is thicker than water” they are important links in one’s social circles. To sum up, it is the important position of kinship relationship in Chinese culture that has brought about the well - developed system of kinship terms.
63. There are contextual and cultural reasons underlying the fact that many Chinese learners of English tend to speak bookish English. The context in which they learn the language is at least partly responsible for his drawback .Since we are learning English in China where English is not spoken around us as a language of communication, oral input is not so readily available. Moreover, making use of oral input often requires special apparatus such as radios, television sets, and tape or video recorders. It follows that most of the Chinese learners of English learn it mainly through reading. That means the input from which they learn the language is mainly written English