被动语态“五注意”.doc

被动语态“五注意”
动词的被动语态在语法中起着举足轻重的作用，也是历年高考考查的重点。在学习时我们应注意以下几点：一、掌握被动语态的时态
动词的被动语态是由动词be加上过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。如：
Breakfast is provided in our hotel from 7 to 9 o’clock on weekdays.（一般现在时的被动语态）
We haven’t moved into the new house because the rooms are being painted. （现在进行时的被动语态）
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
（一般将来时的被动语态）
Two big towers were being built there at that time.
（过去进行时的被动语态）
My hometown was liberated in 1949 and now it has been turned into a beautiful city.（一般过去时的被动语态）
The doctor has already been sent for.
（现在完成时的被动语态）
When firefighters arrived, the big fire had been put out.
（过去完成时的被动语态）
二、注意短语动词的被动语态
有不少短语动词相当于及物动词，所以这些短语动词亦有被动语态。如：
Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory.
He is often made fun of for this by his classmates.
有些由“动词 + 名词 + 介词”构成的短语动词，变成被动语态时可以将其中的名词变为被动语态的主语。如：
Good use is made of the library.（主动句是：They make good use of the library.）
三、不及物动词没有被动语态
常见的不及物动词有： appear, arrive, belong, come, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, take place, occur等。如：
The train arrived at the station 20 minutes late.
Something unexpected occurred.
The film festival takes place in October.
四、有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义
这类动词是一些表示主语特征、性质的不及物动词，如： sell, wash, wear, shut, open, read, write, cut, end, begin等；连系动词look, feel, taste, smell, sound等，也可用主动形式表示被动意义，但后要接形容词作表语，不能接副词。如：
The door won’t shut.
The cloth washes well.
The flowers smell sweet.
The food tastes nice.
五、某些系表结构中的形容词是由过去分词转化而来，虽然形式上是被动的，但描述的却是一种状态。常见的这类形容词有： interested, lost, dressed, surprised, engaged等。如：
He was dressed in a police uniform at that time.
The girl was lost in the forest.
My uncle has been engaged in the study of medicine for 20 years.