高中初中英语音标发音规律.doc

英语音标发音规律-汉语标注最主要的就是区分元音音素的/e/ / / /a:/ 。第一个/e/嘴唇微张，急促地发声就可以了。/则嘴唇变扁，嘴巴咧开。发/ 则嘴唇稍稍张大，急促地发声【似“啊”】。/a:/ 则嘴巴长到最大，声音放长就OK了。/a:/ / /:/ /u/ /u:/ 。这五个从嘴唇的最大极限，嘴唇一直变小，到最后/u:/ 嘴巴就变到最小。/m/ /n/ / 。从/m/开始，嘴巴闭上，舌尖顶住上颚，发出声音，气流从鼻子出来。/n/，嘴巴微张，舌尖顶住上颚，发出声音，气流从鼻子出来。/ 则嘴巴张大，舌头向下卷，发出声音，气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴出来。清辅音：/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ / / / /h/ /t/ /tr/ /ts/浊辅音：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ / / /r/ /d/ /dr/ /dz/ /m/ /n/ / /l/ /w/ /j/浊音：/b/d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ / / /r/ /d/ /dr/ /dz/ /m/ /n/ / /l/ /w/ /j/ /i:/ /I/ /e/ / /3:/ / / /a:/ / /:/ /u:/ /u/ /eI/ /aI/ /I/ /u/ /au/ /I/ / /u/长元音：/i:/ /3:/ /a:/ /:/ /u:/ /eI/ /aI/ /I/ /u/ /au/ /I/ / /u/短元音：/I/ /e/ / / / / /u/英语音标发音规律记忆口诀英语音标表、字母表- 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀一、 用“胸腔辅助送力-口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母，二、 大写 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 三、 ei / bi: /si: /di: / i: /ef /dVi: / eitF / ai / dVei / kei / el /em /en /Eu /pi:/kju: /B: /es /ti: /ju: / vi: /dQblju: /eks /wai /zi: u 先观察以上字母的读音，然后，把含有共同元音因素的字母进行分类：(1) ei _ _ _ _ (2) i: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (3) ai _ _ (4) Eu _ (5) u: _ _ _ (6) e _ _ _ _ _ _ (7) B: _ 二、 英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)的分类表英 语 音 标（采用口腔后部发声法发音）发音特征元音*母音单元音声带振动前元音：i:/ I: i e A发音清晰响亮气流通畅中元音：Q E E: / :后元音：B: C: C u: u双元音振动ai ei Ci iE ZE/ eE uE au Eu辅音*子音哑辅音不振动ptk fsWF h tFtrts发音含糊晦涩气流受阻浊辅音振动bdg vzTV r dVdrdzmnN l/l wj 辅音连缀prplbrblkrklgrglfrflsnslskspswdwhwkwtw Wr pju:bju:tju:dju:kju:gju:fju:vju:lju:mju:nju:hju:zju三、 单词的音标怎么读。/与我们汉语拼音很相似) 拼读规则： 以元音为中心划分音节，按音节来拼读。拼读口诀： 元音为中心，划分音节、按音节拼读；多音节加重音、多音节一重多轻发音，轻音节怎么轻怎么发音。重开音节读长音，轻/闭音节读短音。例子：hehi:, name neim, tableteibl, bicyclebaisikl, teacherti:tFE, red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow, umbrella,*详细内容见后面第五节(本材料第8页)：五、音节划分。小测试：音标拼读练习。ai+E aiE au+ E auE h +iE hiE p+ZE pZE t+Ci tCiei+tF eitF tF+ ei tFei g +EugEu k+au kau sn+EusnEupr+au prau pl+ ei plei gr+i:gri: gl+u:glu: kl+B:klB:kl+B:+sklB:s t+u:+Wtu:W br+au+nbraun r+Q+b+ErQbEb + B:+s+k+i+tbB:skit t+i:+tF+Eti:tFE Q +m+br+e+l+EQmbrelE bai+si+klbaisikl brQ+TEbrQTE四、英文字母和常见字母组合的发音规则（或一般规律）：1. 见字读音、音义结合。记住词形、服务拼写。第二步就是要例1：知道字母组合ee一般发音是i: (规律), 那么，meet这个单词就脱口而出了。 词(词形)： meet 义：遇见；初次见面/认识；满足迎合；迎接/出迎。 _-_-_ 读音/音标 例 2：词(词形)：which 义：哪个，哪些 _-_-_ 读音/音标 例 3：词(词形)：whose 义：谁的？ _-_-_ 读音/音标 例 4：词(词形)：pl ea se 义：请，求你了 _-_-_ 读音/音标2. 英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律：（要求熟记于心，脱口而出）总口诀： 元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。 字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。遇见生词找规律，划分音节顺口连， 元音字母在中间，辅音字母两边站，字母组合算一个，熟能生巧难亦简。辅音字母发音小口诀 ：辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。b发b, c发k, ci(y) ce多发s; 例blue, table, Crisp, class, picture, actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,d发d, f f, g发g dV, V少见; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green, egg, orange, garageh h, j发dV, k / l k l可分连; her, here, his, jeep, Japan, book, look, blue, Klan classm m, n nN, p p q k r 发r; meet, am, no, green, thank, English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,s 最多s和z, 趋唇F V也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please, sureF, usuallyV, pleasurex 发音剪头端，ks多于gz面； six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise; exam, (后接重读元音)t 发t, v 发v, w 辅音w来念； eacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash, which, white最后一个字母z，发好z音才算完。 zoo, zero, size, puzzle,常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀： 字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。wh发音 h 和 w, wh - which, white, what, where, when, why whose, who, whole *whew hw-th 常发 W 和 T；th - this, that, the, they, with thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventhch/tch多发tF,有时发音F或k(t)ch- chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch chase(追赶，追击，追求), ache, headache, chemist machinemEFEn,chaise Feiz (带篷二轮马车)shF,phf,gh 不发或发f(词尾) sh - shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash ph - photo, telephone, phrase gh - right, light, daughter laugh, cough gedge 多发dV,ck发k,kn n;(d)ge - orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥，稀饭) ck - black, kick, lock, back kn - knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编织), knob(球形把手, 旋钮),knack (诀窍), knight(骑士,武士;,ng 易发 N Ng, qu发音 kw 和k。ng - sing, song, long, wing English, hungryqu - quick, quite(相当，十分), quiet (安静的，平静的), quarter, require, cheque(支票), unique(唯一，独有独特的), technique(技巧),wr 发卷趋 r,wr - wrong, write, wrap(包，裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧，扭), wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞，扭) 双写分节不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella 双写元音字母：see, zoo, bookts/tes - its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my coats /shirts (我的上衣/衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫), many streets(许多街道), two packets(两个包裹/两包.), some presents/ sweets(一些礼物/糖果), two biscuits (两块饼干), a box of chocolates (一包巧克力糖), ten minutes (十分钟), two gates (两扇大门), in my pockets (在我的口袋里), two lights /kites (两个灯 /风筝), two nests (两个鸟巢/窝), two tea-pots (两个茶壶), some carrots (一些胡萝卜), Whats this? Its a pen. sits,ds/des- two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/货物),辅音连缀pr - practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,pl- please,play,plane,plan,place,plain,plenty(丰富,大量),pliers(钳子(如老虎钳,手钳,等),镊子), plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插上),br- brag(吹牛), brake (闸，刹车), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养), brown, bride(新娘),bribe(贿赂, 向行贿), brush bl- black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,cr-/kr- crab(螃蟹),cradle(摇篮),cream,crop,cricket(昆蟋蟀,运动板球)criticize(批评, 责备), cry,cruel(残忍的), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宫),cl-/kl- class,claim(根据权利)要求得到,认领,声称,主张,需要)clean,clear,clock,close,click(发出滴答 声,单击n.滴答声),club(俱乐部), klaxon (高音喇叭/气笛, 电喇叭), Klan (=Ku Klux Klan)三K党)gr- grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的，温文尔雅)，green, great, grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), grin(露齿笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟(着说), gruffly (说话或态度粗暴地, 粗声地, 生硬地)gl-glass,glad,gleam 发微光,使闪烁),glide(滑行,滑翔),globe(地球仪),glove(手套),glue(胶水/胶合)fr- France, French, free, fresh 新鲜的,无经验的,frequent频繁的,friend 朋友,fried,fry, frog青蛙,from(自，从)，front (前面,前线,阵线), fruit(水果,果实,果类,成果), frustrated (感到灰心/失败的)fl- flat,flag,flame火焰,热情,flap拍打,鼓翼而飞,飘动,flares喇叭裤)flash闪光,闪现一瞬间), flea跳蚤,flee逃跑,逃走,fleer狞笑,讥笑,flesh肉,果肉,flinch 畏缩,退缩,畏首畏尾, floor地板楼层,float漂浮,浮舟,彩车,flood洪水,水灾,淹没,涌进,涌出flour面粉,flow流动,(河水)泛滥,洋溢,flower(花), flu (流感), fly (飞翔，飞行)，flub (做得不好, 弄糟), fluent (流利的, 流畅的),sl- slave奴隶,slander诽谤,slaughter屠宰,残杀,屠杀,sleep睡眠 睡觉, sleet (下/雨加雪, 下冰雹),sleeve (袖子), slice (薄片, 切片), slim (苗条的, 纤细的), slip (滑倒, 失足), slogan (口号, 标语 ), slow(ly)(慢的/地), sly/ slily slaili(狡猾的/地),sm- small (小的, 少的), smart (聪明的, 漂亮的, 灵巧地, 时髦地), smarty (=wise guy自作聪明的人), smell(气味, 臭味, /嗅, 闻到, 散发(.的)气味, 有(.的)气味), smile ( at) 微笑), smog (烟雾), smoke (n.烟, 烟尘, 烟幕/v.抽烟, 吸烟vi.冒烟), smuggle (n.走私, 偷带v.走私),sn- snow, snake, snack(吃)快餐/小吃),snail蜗牛,snap猛咬,sneer冷笑,轻蔑的笑,sneeze (打/ 喷嚏), snob /snobling (势利的年轻人, 势利小人),sk- skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览), skin (皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛), skint (身无分文的, 穷光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,跳读), sky-blue (天蓝色的, 淡蓝色, 蔚蓝色)sp- space (空间, 间隔, 距离, 空地, 余地), spade (铲, 铁锹), Spain (西班牙), spare (多余的, 剩下的/分让给),spell, speak (说话, 谈话, 发言, 演讲, 说明事实, 表示意见,操(某种语言), spear (spiE矛, 枪), specific (spisifik特效药, 详细而精确的, 明确的), spice (香料, 调味品,情趣), spider (蜘蛛), sport(运动,运动会), spume spju:m(n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous (adj.起泡沫的, 泡沫状的), spurspE:(n.踢马剌, 剌激物v.鞭策), sputter spQtE(n.vi.vt.说话急快/唾沫飞溅/飞溅出/喷溅声), sputum spju:tEm(唾液, 痰), spy (特工, 间谍, 侦探,/秘密侦察),st- stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足),stage舞台,戏剧,举行star星,恒星,明星,名角), start (动身,开始,着手惊动,惊起,起动,发动), staff (棒, 杖, 杆, 支柱, 全体职员), stadium (露天运动场/体育场),step, steep(陡峭的),stick (棍, 棒, 手杖/粘住, 粘贴), stop, student, stupid (愚蠢的, 麻木的), stupidity (蠢事,糊涂事), stutter (口吃, 结结巴巴的说),style风格, 时尚, 文体),sw- swab (swCbn.拖把, 药签,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(摇晃, 水潭,垂花饰), swear(宣誓, 发誓), sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),sweater(厚运动衫, 毛线衫), sweep(扫, 打扫, 清扫, 席卷, 冲光), sweepup(n.大扫除), sweet(甜的, 可受的, 美好的, 芳香的/n. 糖果),swim (swam,swum), swing (swang, swung,秋千, 摇摆, 摆动), swicky(美威士忌酒), swig(n/v.痛饮, 大喝特喝(尤指从瓶口喝的), swiftly(迅速地, 敏捷地), swindle (sb of骗走某人的), swob(拖把, 海棉), swobble(大口地吃), swoon(vi.昏晕, 昏厥惊讶, 酣睡n.狂喜, 陶醉), swoop(n.突然下降, 猛扑vt攫取vi.飞扑, 突然袭击), sword(剑), swot(at./ for./up; vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读的人, 辛苦的工作),元音字母a e i(y) o u 的发音口诀： 元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。重开音节多长音，eii:aiEuju:/u:来拼；重闭音节/轻音短，AeiCQuEa接r /ss常发B:/A, 还有eiA C/C:i E。e的发音首数e，空尾/重i:轻iE。重开音节i发ai，重闭/轻音短iE。o发长音EuC:u:，短音QCE one殊。u字多发 ju:和Q，忙碌busy(i)加u:u。y头发j重读ai，轻音/结尾i变来。ay ,ey, o/uy，多发eii,Ciai。r前元音常卷舌，S后弱音须强化。相近发音不规则，省力顺口是关键。相近/强化加弱化，使得元音多变化。例词：a- / ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / 强化音ei，弱化音Ea接r /ss常发B:/A, 还有eiA C/C:i E。name ei, table ei, car B:, park B:, class B:, basket B:/A, as A, ass A, father B:, afterward(s) B:/E(然后, 后来), dollar E,cap A, catch A, grammar A/E, America E, asleep, alone, afraid, banana E /B:/E, woman E, water C:, watch C, what C, war C:, orange i,e- / i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(词尾空音) / 强化音i:，弱化音E/ i e的发音首数e，空尾/重i:轻iE。 he i:, she i:, we i:, me i:, evening i:, red e, pencil e, empty e, desk e, umbrella e,French e,basket i women i, pretty i, the E / i:, children E, open E, hundred E / i:,/ -*(词尾空音) /- whose z, house s, nice s, face s, white t, name m, give v, side d, wake k, prize z, fine n, tube b, orange dV, employee i: (职工, 雇员, 店员), apple pl, table bl, little tl, middle dl, bicycle kl, eagle gl(鹰),i- /ai / i:/ i / E / 强化音ai/i:弱化音E/ i 重开音节发i: /ai，重闭/轻音短iE。right ai, bicycle ai, white ai, police i:, this i, which i, his i,building i, beautiful E, holiday E,o- /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-强化音Eu/ C:/u:弱化音Eo发长音EuC:u:，短音QCE one殊。 no Eu, cold Eu, those Eu, come Q, some Q, mother Q, brother Q, son Q, month Q, dog C, not C, hot C, sorry C, shop C, locker C, box C, orange C:, whose u:, who u:, do u:, to u:, two u:, woman u, policeman E, today E, occasion E(场合, 时机, 机会), aeroplane E, / one wQn, once wQns, reservoir rezEvwB:,u- /ju:/ Q / u / u: /i / 强化音ju:/u:，弱化音iu字多发 ju:和Q，忙碌busy(i)加u:u。 use ju:, usually ju:, tube ju:, music ju:, pupil ju:, rubber Q, umbrella Q, mum Q, hungryQ, bus Q, just Q,cup Q,put u, full u, pull u, ruler u:,Sue u:,blue u:,minute i, busy iy- /ai / j / i / 强化音ai，弱化音i y头发j重读ai，轻音/结尾i变来。 your j, you j, yes j, yellow j, young j, my ai, why ai, tyre ai, style ai, fry ai, cry ai, bicycle i, baby i, ready i, hungry i, very i, thirsty i, empty i, busy i, body i, slowly i,常见元音字母组合发音口诀： 字母组合固定音，常受影响发音变；千锤百炼习语感。组合爱发长/双元(音(重读音节)； 常受影响发音变；为了顺口图方便，近似发音相变换。另有强化加弱化，多个字母省略念。外来/古语不规则(发音)，熟读百遍字腔圆。a- ay ei day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday,/ i Sunday, Monday, ar B: car, star, farm, are, park, garlic, / E dollar, collar, grammar, particular pEtikju:lE, al C: all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk,/ B: half, C:l / Al / El 非组合式的情况： althoughC:l, alga AlgE(藻类, 海藻), algal AlgEl(adj.海藻的), algebra AldVibrE (代数学), signal lsigEl(信号/发信号, 用信号通知), au C: daughter, fault, audience, cause, AugustC:gEst (八月), august C:gQst(令人敬畏的, 威严的), C because, au kraut(泡菜), B: laugh, air ZE air, chair, hair, pair, fair, ai ei aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠实,), aw C: draw, law, saw, awful, raw,e- ea i: teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, e bread, breakfast, head, ei great, break, steak, ee i: meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen, ei ei eight, weigh, weight, i: receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺骗, 谎言), deceive(v. 欺骗, 谎言), receipt (收条, 收据, 收到), perceive (v.察觉感知, 感到), conceit (原义;自负, 幻想), er E: her, herd(兽群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (紧急情况, 紧急突发事件, 非常时刻,), E teacher, sister, brother, farmer, worker, letter, over, ear iE ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷听者), ZE pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 发誓),E: early, earth, earn, ere iE here, sphere (球体), hemisphere (半球), ZE there, ere (prep/conj. 前于.; 在.以前), eir ZE their, eer iE beer, deer, cheer(欢呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄), engineer, , ey ei they, grey, hey, ew ju: new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 风景, 观点, 见解), ewe (母羊),i- ir E: girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl(使)旋转), stir (轰动, 激起,搅动), ie i: piece, niece(侄女,甥女),field,thief,believe, belief,achieve(完成,达到),chief(首领,领袖,酋长, 长官/主要的, 首要的, 首席的,主任的),grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), relief(痛苦等的)减轻), ire aiE tire(轮胎；使劳累), tired(累的，疲劳的), wire(金属丝, 电线), igh ai right, light, fight, might(也许, 或许; 可能), night, knight,o- or C: or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more, E: work, worker, E actor, doctor, forget, oa Eu boat, coat, goat, goal, oo u:school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情绪, 语气, 状态),u book, look, cook, good, football, foot Q blood, flood, ou au house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain,Q young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的), u: you, through, rouge ru:V(擦口红/胭脂), uwould, could, should, C: cough, ow au brown, down, how, now, towel, tower, Eu yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throw oy/oi Ci boy, toy, enjoy, employ, / noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil, our au our, flour(面粉) C: your, four, course,ore C: before, more, forehead, foresee,oor C:/ JE/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),u- ur E: turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的, 市内的), suburb, suburbia (郊区居民), ure picture,