现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题).doc

(完整)现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)
现在完成时讲解
一、构成:
肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词。
疑问式:助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词？
否定式： 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.

过去分词规则变化：
a）一般情况下,直接加ed， （work—--worked，water——-watered， finish—-—finished等；）
b)以“辅音字母+ y"结尾的动词， 把y 变成i 再加ed， （carry-— -carried study--—studied等;)
c）以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词,要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed. (stop——-stopped，shop-——shopped）
d）以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d （
过去分词不规则变化表：

二、用法:
用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.
标志词： ①already, ②never, ③ever， ④just， ⑤yet， ⑥before,
⑦once/twice/数字+ times
例： I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间（房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了）
They have left。 ——他们已经离开了，也就是说现在他们人不在这里
I have never had a car （我从未有过汽车。)
I have been there twice.
a)already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
• He has already left here。 他已经离开这里了.
• Has he already left here? 他(真的)已经离开这里了吗?（表示加强语气）
• My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
• Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？

b) never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”,而ever 表示“曾经”
• We have never been to the Great Wall。 我们从来没有去过长城.
• Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？
c） just用于句中, 表示“刚刚”
• I've just had breakfast。 我刚吃完早饭。
• What have they just done？ 他们刚刚做了什么？
d） before用于句末， 表示“以前”
• I’ve seen it before. 我以前见过它。

练习:用never，ever，already，before， just或yet填空.
1. I have __________seen him before， so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has __________finished his homework。
3. --Have you _________seen the film？ -—No, I have ________seen it.
4. ——-Has the bus left _______？ -—-Yes， it has ________ left.
5。 Would you like to go to the zoo with me？ Yes， but I have been there _________。

★ has gone to, has been to, has been in 的区别：
1。 have/has gone to 去了某地(还在某地没回来）
——-Where is your father？ 你爸爸在哪里？
—--He has gone to Shanghai。 他去上海了。

2. have/has been to 曾经去过(已回，已不在去过的地方） +次数（once/twice/ 数字+times）
My father has been to Shanghai 3 times。 我爸爸去过上海3次。
画线提问：________________ has your father been to Shanghai?

3。 have/has been in 待了多久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方）+ for + 时间段/
+ since + 时间点
My father has been in Shanghai for two months/ since two months ago. 我爸已经在上海待了两个月了.
画线提问：_______________has your father been in Shanghai?

▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in， 这四个地点副词是：here ，there ,home ，abroad

练习：用have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空。
1。 _____ you ever _____ Disneyland？
2。 How many times _____ you _____ Disneyland ？
3. I _____ Nanjing since two years ago
4. Mr. Li _____ Hong Kong. And he'll come back in two days.
5. —How long _____ you _____ Disneyland ?
-For three days。 I __________ the theme park last Sunday。
6. My father __________ Hong Kong two weeks ago。
7. My father __________ Hong Kong in 2005.
8。 My father __________ Hong Kong since 2005。
9。 My father __________ Hong Kong twice.
10. My father __________ Hong Kong and he hasn't come back yet。
11。 —Where's Lucy？
—She has__________ to a restaurant for lunch。
12。 Have you __________ to this park before.
13. I have__________ there only once this year。
14。 She has __________ to the shop to buy a notebook.
15。 You’re late， Lao Wang has __________ to Guangzhou。

用法二：表示过去已经开始, 并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
标志词：⑦up to now， ⑧so far， ⑨for +时间段 ⑩since+时间点

I have learnt English for more than ten years。我已经学了10多年的英语.
She has swum since half an hour ago。我已经游泳了半个小时

a) for +一段时间
Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. 我在这里5周了。
He’s studied English for 3 years. 他学习英语3年了。
b） since +(表示过去某一时间的）时间点/单词/词组/ 从句（一般过去时）
Eg. I have been here since 2000。 我自从2000年开始在这里。
I have been here since 5 years ago。 我自从5年前就在这里。
I have been here since I graduated in 2000. 我自从2000年毕业就在这里.
注：1) 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.
Eg。 I have lived here for 10 years。 画线提问： ________ _______ have you lived here？

注2）: 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中
Eg。 (误)I have left there for 5 years.
（正)I have been away there for 5 years。
★为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。
become →be， begin→ have ， borrow → keep， buy → have,
go out → be out come （go， arrive， get) →be in die→ be dead,
finish→ be over, join→ be in …（be a member of … ) leave→ be away ( from…），
open→ be open close→ be closed

练习： 选用 for和 since填空：
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time。
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes。
4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China。
5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
6。 It's five years _______ we met last time.

三、与一般过去时的用法比较
1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响，一直延续到现在等)，不与表示过去的时间连用; 而一般过去时,则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系，常与表示过去的时间连用。
eg：He has bought an English—Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典.
He bought an English—Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。
第一句用现在完成时时态,想表达意为:“He bought an English—Chinese dictionary。 And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典" 。
第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强
调说明。
2．常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语：
yesterday（昨天）, the day before yesterday(前天）,
just now（刚才）， 时间+ ago， last +时间 等;
eg： The plane took off ten minutes ago。
　We finished our task last week .

现在完成时练习题
一． 单项选择
1. I have been living here _____ 1999。
A. for B。 after C. in D。 since
2._____ have you been playing the guitar? For 5 years.
A。 How soon B. How long C. How far D。 How often
3.______ may I keep these books？ For two weeks。
A. How often B。 How far C。 How long D. How soon
4。______ have you been here？ I’ve been here for months.
A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many
5. The boy ______TV all morning.
A。 has watched B。 had watched C. has been watching D. watched
6。 How long _____ you _____ stamps？ Since two years ago.
A。 have, collected B。 did， collect C。 have , been collecting D. are， collecting
7。They are still working in the fields。 They ______ for two hours.
A。 was working B. has been working C。 worked D。 are working
8。He looks tired. Oh , he ____ for three hours.
A。 have been skating B. have been skated C。 has been skating D。 has been skated
9. He ______ it for two hours， and he is still watching now.
A。 has been B。 watching C. has been watching D。 is watching
10. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years。
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
11.Harry Potter is a very nice film 。 I_______ it twice。
A. will see B. have seen C。 saw D. see
12。His father ______ the Party since 1978。
A. joined B. has joined C。 was in D。 has been in
13.How long have you ____ here？ —About two months。
A。 been B. gone C. come D。 arrived
14。Hurry up！ The play _____ for ten minutes。
A。 has begun B。 had begun C. has been on D。 began
15 It _____ ten years since he left the army.
A. is B. has C。 will D. was
16。My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.
A。 have been in B。 have been to C. have gone to D。 have been
17。____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____to China？
A. How soon，comes B. How often， got C. How long，came D。 How far, arrived
18。 His uncle ____ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B。 has started to work C. has lived there D。 has left the university
19。Sarah has been sleeping ______ 2：00 pm。
A. for B. at C。 in D。 since
20.The students have cleaned the classroom,_____？
A。 so they B。 don‘t they C。 have they D. haven’t they

二．句型转换：
1。I have been watching the football match for half an hour。(划线提问)
_______ ________ _______ you been watching the football match?
2. He has been studying Japanese for two years。（同义句转换）
He has been studying Japanese ______ two years ______。
3. We started the party two hours ago.（划线提问)
______ _______ you ________ the party？
4. The old man _____ last year.
He __________________for a year. （die）（动词填空）
5. Do you swim every day？（用for two hours 改写)
_______ you ________ for two hours.
6.Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同义句转换）
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour。
7.Her mother has been a Party member for three years 。(同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
8.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同义句转换）
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.、
三、动词填空
1。 _____ you ________（clean) the room？
Yes， we __________（do) that already。
When _______ you ______(do) it？
We _______（do) it an hour ago.
2.______ he ______(see） this film yet？ Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it？
He ______ it last week。
3. How many times _____you______(be） there?
四、汉译英。
1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了.

2、他昨天收到一封信.

3、我父亲以前到过长城。

4、她还没有看过那部新电影.

5、她去过上海。

6、他这些天上哪儿去了？

7.这车你买多长时间了？ 三年了。

8。你洗盘子了吗?没有。我马上去做。

9。你离开家乡几年了？ 十年了。

10。这本书我借了一周了。

7