U4L1Languagepoints.doc

U4 L1 Language points
1. affect vt. 1) have an influence or effect on
2) act on the emotions of; touch or move
3) (of disease) attack
e.g.
雨量影响庄稼的生长.
The amount of rain affects the growth of the crops.
他父亲去世的消息使他深受打击.
He was deeply affected by the news of his father’s death.
他的肾脏受到了严重影响.
His kidneys had become affected .
* affection n. kindly feeling, love
e.g. Every mother has affection for her children.
* effect n. ( U/C ) result or outcome ( on / upon )
e.g. Teachers’ words have a great effect on their students.
Did the medicine have any effect ?
vt. bring about , accomplish产生,引起;实现, 完成
effect one’s purpose( 达到目的);
effect a cure(完成治疗)

2. In the last thirty years, the Internet has grown rapidly.
常与现在完成时连用的一些时间词或短语:
already, yet, recently, lately, so far, since, in the past few years, for the last few days, over the past few months, for some time…
Ex. 他到现在还没有露面. He hasn’t turned up so far.
在过去的十年中我家乡发生的很大的变化.
In the past ten years great changes have taken place in my hometown.
自从她来到北京就一直在做兼职工作.
She has been doing part-time jobs since she came to Beijing.
我已经很久没有收到父母的来信了.
I haven’t heard from my parents for a long time.

3.In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet.
connect vt. / vi.
connect …with / to / by
This railway connects London with Edinburgh.
The two towns are connected to each other by a railway.
Connect me with Taibei, please.
* connection n.
What’s the connection between the two ideas?

4. Some experts are pessimistic about the future.
be pessimistic about 关于…感到悲观
pessimism悲观主义 pessimist 悲观主义者
pessimistically adv.
cf. be optimistic about 对…感到乐观

5.Even now, young hackers can get into the computers of banks and governments.
get into …进入到…里
get into touch with sb. 与某人取得联系
get into the habit of doing sth.染上…习惯.
Ex. 他想尽一切办法与前方取得了联系.
He tried his best to get into touch with the front.
青少年很容易染上吸烟的恶习.
It is easy for the teens to get into the habit of smoking.

6….cause chaos, …
chaos n. complete absence of order or shape
confusion 混乱
e.g. The room was in a state of chaos when the burglars had left.
盗贼离去时室内混乱不堪.

7. Already, users can buy books, find out about holiday offers, book tickets, …
book vt. give an order for a ticket of a journey, for seats in a theatre , a room in a hotel ,etc.
e.g. Seats can be booked from 10 am. to 4 pm.
* place an order for sth. with sb.定货
e.g. We have placed an order for 200 personal computers with the limited company.

8. It is clear that we are going to see a huge growth of shopping on the internet.
It is + adj. + that…
常见形容词有: necessary, important, possible, impossible, clear, obvious, certain, hard, difficult, easy…
e.g. It is important that we (should) learn from each other and help each other.
It is certain that Taiwan will return to our motherland one day in the future.
9. She also believes that, in the future we will get entertainment from the Net and that …
动词believes 后由两个that 引导的宾语从句, 第一个that 可省略, 但第二个that 不能省略
e.g. She thinks it is hard for her to do it well and that she should give it up.
The news that he heard was very exciting.
（定语从句,that做宾语）
The news that our football team had won the game was very exciting.
（同位语从句,that是连词,在从句中不做成分)

10….the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.
（虚拟现实）是运用计算机产生声音和视觉效果，使你感觉到仿佛置身于现实中一样
　as if是连词，“仿佛，好象”．还可以写作“as though”.
as if通常用在be, look, seem, sound, taste, smell, feel等连系动词的后面，引出表语从句．
e.g.
1) You look as if/ as though you had seen a ghost.
2) The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.

Grammar: Prediction
1.
*be going to 表示意图，打算，计划,安排.说话前已考虑过的事情．
-- Why are you taking the picture down?
-- I am going to paint the wall.
*will常用于未事先考虑过的意图,打算
-- Where is the telephone book?
-- I will get it for you.

2.
*be going to表示预见，即现在已有某种迹象,表明将要发生的某种情况．
-- Listen to the wind.
-- It is clear that we are going to have a hard journey.
*will表示预见，包含说话人的主观看法或态度．
You will feel better after taking this medicine.
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