中考数词知识点.doc

数词知识点数词分为基数词（用来表示准确的数量）和序数词（用来表示先后的顺序）考点一、基数词的表示方法1、基数词1-12是独立的词，13-19都是以teen结尾（1）1-12要逐个记eg：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve（2）13-19都以teen结尾eg：thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen2、基数词20-90整十位数都是以ty结尾eg：twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety3、基数词21-99都是由“几十”和“几”合起来构成的，中间加“-”eg：21twenty-one, 23twenty-three, 34thirty-four, 45forty-five, 56fifty-six, 78seventy-eight, 99ninety-nine4、基数词101-999，先“几百”，后“几十”，中间加“and”，美式英语中基本不用eg：101：one hundred and one, 110：one hundred and ten, 124：one hundred and twenty-four223：two hundred and twenty-three, 365：three hundred and sixty-five, 486：four hundred and eighty-six558：five hundred and fifty-eight, 686：six hundred and eighty-six, 999：nine hundred and ninety-nine5、1000以上的数字，如123, 456, 789, 822从右向左数，三位一逗点，分别是hundred, thousand, million, billion位读作：123 billion, 456 million, 789 thousand, 8226、hundred, thousand, million, billion前有数词或表示数量的some, many, several等时，直接用，没有复数反之则表示约数，在末尾加s和of eg：nine hundred, millions of, some billion7、基数词的位置（1）位于another, all, last, next之后 eg：another two cakes, all the five pens, next ten weeks, his last six books.（2）位于other和more之前 eg：two more cakes, three other boys8、基数词用于表示年龄（1）基数词+years old=基数词-year-old（复合形容词，year必须用单数）（2）at the age of+基数词，表示“在岁时”（3）in ones+“几十”的复数，表示“在几十岁时”in ones twenties / thirties / forties / fifties9、表示“几十年代”时，用阿拉伯数字加“s”或“s”in the 1980s. (1980s)辨析：in the fifties在五十年代，in ones fifties在某人五十多岁的时候10、基数词可以和其它词构成复合形容词 注：在复合形容词中，名词必须用单数形式：数词-名词-形容词 eg：18-year-old, 2-meter-deep, 10-mile-long11、电话号码的读法为顺次读出一个个数字，0读作“o”或“zero”，连续出现两个数字时，读“double”考点二、序数词概念：表示顺序的数词口诀：基变序，有规律，一般末尾加th，一二三（first, second, third）要牢记，五和十二两兄弟（five-fifth, twelve-twelfth），八减t（eight-eighth），九少e（nine-ninth），整十变y为ie再加th（twenty-twentieth, thirty-thirtieth），要想变为几十几，几十（十位）不变几变序（twenty-onetwenty first）用法：序数词前一般要加the，但有指示代词this, that，形物代my等修饰时，不要theeg：This is my first time to do so. / He is the second in his class.考点三、倍数1、表示倍数时，用half表示“一半”，用twice或double表示“两倍”，用“基数词+times”表示三倍或三倍以上2、表示倍数的常用句式：（1）倍数+as+adj.+aseg：Your apple is twice as big as mine. / His pen is half as long as hers.（2）倍数+as+many / much+n.+aseg：He has four times as many books as you.（3）倍数+the height / weight / length / width+ofeg：This tree is double the length of that one. / Jim is three times weight of Tom.（4）倍数+形容词比较级+thaneg：The sun is 100 million times bigger than the earth.考点四、分数1、分数的表达和读法（1）口诀：前基后序，前基是分子，后序是分母，前基大于一，后序加seg：1 / 3one third, 2 / 5two fifths, 4 / 9four ninth, 7 / 9seven ninth（2）几个特殊的分数：1 / 2one half, 1 / 4one quarter, 3 / 4three quarters2、特殊的分数个半（1）基数词+and a half+可数名词复数；（2）基数词+可数复+and a halfeg：two and a half kilos=two kilos and a half / one and a half hours=one hour and a half考点五、其它数的表达1、小数的读法：小数点前的整数位按基数词的读法读，小数点读作“point”，小数位要一一读出eg：1.2-one point two, 23.23 twenty-three point two three, 134.245-one hundred and thirty four point two four five2、百分数的读法：先读基数词（小数），再读百分号“%”(percent)，percent没有复数eg：5%-five percent, 0.5%-zero point five percent, 100%-one hundred percent3、年代的读法：四位的：两位两位地读1984-nineteen eighty-four, 1368-thirteen sixty-eight三位的：直接按基数词读220 AD-two hundred twenty AD, 841 BC-eight hundred forty-one BC两位的：直接按基数词读35 BCthirty-five BC, 87 ADeighty-seven AD个十位是0的：读作“多少个百”1900nineteen hundred, 2100twenty-one hundred个十百都是0的：按“几千”+“个位”读2008two thousand eight, 1007one thousand seven4、表示“几十年代”时，前加the，后加s或seg：in the 1960s在二十世纪六十年代，in the 1280s在十三世纪八十年代5、年月日的英语顺序是“月-日-年”，日要用序数词读写（要加上the）eg：07-02-2123：July the second, twenty-one twenty three08-22-2011：August the twenty second, twenty eleven6、时间表达法：（1）直接表达法：先小时，后分钟，分钟不足十，前面加个“o”eg：10:23ten twenty-three, 8:02eight o two, 12:58twelve fifty-eight（2）间接表达法：先分钟，后小时 分钟数30past, 表示几点过几分eg：9:13thirteen past nine, 1:01one past one, 11: 29twenty-nine past eleven 30分钟数60to, 表示几点差几分（a：b60-b to a+1）eg：4:37twenty-three to five (差23分到4点的下一个整点5点)6:56four to seven (差4分到6点的下一个整点7点)2:49eleven to three (差11分到2点的下一个整点3点) 几个特殊的时刻：15 / 45a quarter, 30halfeg：3:15a quarter past three, 1:45a quarter to two, 5:30half past five7、一些数学公式的读法：“加”用“plus / and”，“减”用“minus”，“乘”用“times”，“除”用“divided by”eg：3+5=8读作：Three and / plus five is eight.9-2=7读作：Nine minus two is seven.6x5=30读作：Six times five is thirty.8 / 4=2读作：Eight divided by four is two.8、对编号的读法用法：在表示有编号的事物时，可用基数词，也可用序数词Lesson One基数词在名词后，the First Lesson，序数词first在名词前，前面还有定冠词the数字过长（超过两位），避免用序数词，用基数词Room 501Room five o one, Book SN394821Book SN three nine four eight two one