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中考数词知识点.doc

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数词知识点 数词分为基数词(用来表示准确的数量)和序数词(用来表示先后的顺序) 考点一、基数词的表示方法 1、基数词1-12是独立的词,13-19都是以teen结尾 (1)1-12要逐个记 eg:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve (2)13-19都以teen结尾 eg:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 2、基数词20-90整十位数都是以ty结尾 eg:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 3、基数词21-99都是由“几十”和“几”合起来构成的,中间加“-” eg:21—twenty-one, 23—twenty-three, 34—thirty-four, 45—forty-five, 56—fifty-six, 78—seventy-eight, 99—ninety-nine 4、基数词101-999,先“几百”,后“几十”,中间加“and”,美式英语中基本不用 eg:101:one hundred and one, 110:one hundred and ten, 124:one hundred and twenty-four 223:two hundred and twenty-three, 365:three hundred and sixty-five, 486:four hundred and eighty-six 558:five hundred and fifty-eight, 686:six hundred and eighty-six, 999:nine hundred and ninety-nine 5、1000以上的数字,如123, 456, 789, 822 从右向左数,三位一逗点,分别是hundred, thousand, million, billion位 读作:123 billion, 456 million, 789 thousand, 822 6、hundred, thousand, million, billion前有数词或表示数量的some, many, several等时,直接用,没有复数 反之则表示约数,在末尾加s和of eg:nine hundred, millions of, some billion 7、基数词的位置 (1)位于another, all, last, next之后 eg:another two cakes, all the five pens, next ten weeks, his last six books. (2)位于other和more之前 eg:two more cakes, three other boys 8、基数词用于表示年龄 (1)基数词+years old=基数词-year-old(复合形容词,year必须用单数) (2)at the age of+基数词,表示“在…岁时” (3)in one’s+“几十”的复数,表示“在…几十岁时”—in one’s twenties / thirties / forties / fifties… 9、表示“几十年代”时,用阿拉伯数字加“s”或“’s”—in the 1980s. (1980’s) 辨析:in the fifties在五十年代,in one’s fifties在某人五十多岁的时候 10、基数词可以和其它词构成复合形容词 注:在复合形容词中,名词必须用单数 形式:数词-名词-形容词 eg:18-year-old, 2-meter-deep, 10-mile-long 11、电话号码的读法为顺次读出一个个数字,0读作“o”或“zero”,连续出现两个数字时,读“double” 考点二、序数词 概念:表示顺序的数词 口诀:基变序,有规律,一般末尾加th,一二三(first, second, third)要牢记,五和十二两兄弟(five-fifth, twelve-twelfth),八减t(eight-eighth),九少e(nine-ninth),整十变y为ie再加th(twenty-twentieth, thirty-thirtieth),要想变为几十几,几十(十位)不变几变序(twenty-one—twenty first) 用法:序数词前一般要加the,但有指示代词this, that,形物代my等修饰时,不要the eg:This is my first time to do so. / He is the second in his class. 考点三、倍数 1、表示倍数时,用half表示“一半”,用twice或double表示“两倍”,用“基数词+times”表示三倍或三倍以上 2、表示倍数的常用句式: (1)倍数+as+adj.+as eg:Your apple is twice as big as mine. / His pen is half as long as hers. (2)倍数+as+many / much+n.+as eg:He has four times as many books as you. (3)倍数+the height / weight / length / width+of eg:This tree is double the length of that one. / Jim is three times weight of Tom. (4)倍数+形容词比较级+than eg:The sun is 100 million times bigger than the earth. 考点四、分数 1、分数的表达和读法 (1)口诀:前基后序,前基是分子,后序是分母,前基大于一,后序加s eg:1 / 3—one third, 2 / 5—two fifths, 4 / 9—four ninth, 7 / 9—seven ninth (2)几个特殊的分数:1 / 2—one half, 1 / 4—one quarter, 3 / 4—three quarters 2、特殊的分数——……个半 (1)基数词+and a half+可数名词复数;(2)基数词+可数复+and a half eg:two and a half kilos=two kilos and a half / one and a half hours=one hour and a half 考点五、其它数的表达 1、小数的读法: 小数点前的整数位按基数词的读法读,小数点读作“point”,小数位要一一读出 eg:1.2-one point two, 23.23 twenty-three point two three, 134.245-one hundred and thirty four point two four five 2、百分数的读法: 先读基数词(小数),再读百分号“%”(percent),percent没有复数 eg:5%-five percent, 0.5%-zero point five percent, 100%-one hundred percent 3、年代的读法: 四位的:两位两位地读1984-nineteen eighty-four, 1368-thirteen sixty-eight 三位的:直接按基数词读220 AD-two hundred twenty AD, 841 BC-eight hundred forty-one BC 两位的:直接按基数词读35 BC—thirty-five BC, 87 AD—eighty-seven AD 个十位是0的:读作“多少个百”1900—nineteen hundred, 2100—twenty-one hundred 个十百都是0的:按“几千”+“个位”读2008—two thousand eight, 1007—one thousand seven 4、表示“几十年代”时,前加the,后加’s或s eg:in the 1960s在二十世纪六十年代,in the 1280s在十三世纪八十年代 5、年月日的英语顺序是“月-日-年”,日要用序数词读写(要加上the) eg:07-02-2123:July the second, twenty-one twenty three 08-22-2011:August the twenty second, twenty eleven 6、时间表达法: (1)直接表达法:先小时,后分钟,分钟不足十,前面加个“o” eg:10:23—ten twenty-three, 8:02—eight o two, 12:58—twelve fifty-eight (2)间接表达法:先分钟,后小时 ① 分钟数≤30—past, 表示几点过几分 eg:9:13—thirteen past nine, 1:01—one past one, 11: 29—twenty-nine past eleven ② 30<分钟数<60—to, 表示几点差几分(a:b—60-b to a+1) eg:4:37—twenty-three to five (差23分到4点的下一个整点5点) 6:56—four to seven (差4分到6点的下一个整点7点) 2:49—eleven to three (差11分到2点的下一个整点3点) ③ 几个特殊的时刻:15 / 45—a quarter, 30—half eg:3:15—a quarter past three, 1:45—a quarter to two, 5:30—half past five 7、一些数学公式的读法:“加”用“plus / and”,“减”用“minus”,“乘”用“times”,“除”用“divided by” eg:3+5=8读作:Three and / plus five is eight. 9-2=7读作:Nine minus two is seven. 6x5=30读作:Six times five is thirty. 8 / 4=2读作:Eight divided by four is two. 8、对编号的读法 用法:①在表示有编号的事物时,可用基数词,也可用序数词 Lesson One——基数词在名词后,the First Lesson,序数词first在名词前,前面还有定冠词the ②数字过长(超过两位),避免用序数词,用基数词 Room 501——Room five o one, Book SN394821——Book SN three nine four eight two one
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