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数词知识点
数词分为基数词(用来表示准确的数量)和序数词(用来表示先后的顺序)
考点一、基数词的表示方法
1、基数词1-12是独立的词,13-19都是以teen结尾
(1)1-12要逐个记
eg:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
(2)13-19都以teen结尾
eg:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
2、基数词20-90整十位数都是以ty结尾
eg:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
3、基数词21-99都是由“几十”和“几”合起来构成的,中间加“-”
eg:21—twenty-one, 23—twenty-three, 34—thirty-four, 45—forty-five, 56—fifty-six, 78—seventy-eight, 99—ninety-nine
4、基数词101-999,先“几百”,后“几十”,中间加“and”,美式英语中基本不用
eg:101:one hundred and one, 110:one hundred and ten, 124:one hundred and twenty-four
223:two hundred and twenty-three, 365:three hundred and sixty-five, 486:four hundred and eighty-six
558:five hundred and fifty-eight, 686:six hundred and eighty-six, 999:nine hundred and ninety-nine
5、1000以上的数字,如123, 456, 789, 822
从右向左数,三位一逗点,分别是hundred, thousand, million, billion位
读作:123 billion, 456 million, 789 thousand, 822
6、hundred, thousand, million, billion前有数词或表示数量的some, many, several等时,直接用,没有复数
反之则表示约数,在末尾加s和of eg:nine hundred, millions of, some billion
7、基数词的位置
(1)位于another, all, last, next之后 eg:another two cakes, all the five pens, next ten weeks, his last six books.
(2)位于other和more之前 eg:two more cakes, three other boys
8、基数词用于表示年龄
(1)基数词+years old=基数词-year-old(复合形容词,year必须用单数)
(2)at the age of+基数词,表示“在…岁时”
(3)in one’s+“几十”的复数,表示“在…几十岁时”—in one’s twenties / thirties / forties / fifties…
9、表示“几十年代”时,用阿拉伯数字加“s”或“’s”—in the 1980s. (1980’s)
辨析:in the fifties在五十年代,in one’s fifties在某人五十多岁的时候
10、基数词可以和其它词构成复合形容词 注:在复合形容词中,名词必须用单数
形式:数词-名词-形容词 eg:18-year-old, 2-meter-deep, 10-mile-long
11、电话号码的读法为顺次读出一个个数字,0读作“o”或“zero”,连续出现两个数字时,读“double”
考点二、序数词
概念:表示顺序的数词
口诀:基变序,有规律,一般末尾加th,一二三(first, second, third)要牢记,五和十二两兄弟(five-fifth,
twelve-twelfth),八减t(eight-eighth),九少e(nine-ninth),整十变y为ie再加th(twenty-twentieth,
thirty-thirtieth),要想变为几十几,几十(十位)不变几变序(twenty-one—twenty first)
用法:序数词前一般要加the,但有指示代词this, that,形物代my等修饰时,不要the
eg:This is my first time to do so. / He is the second in his class.
考点三、倍数
1、表示倍数时,用half表示“一半”,用twice或double表示“两倍”,用“基数词+times”表示三倍或三倍以上
2、表示倍数的常用句式:
(1)倍数+as+adj.+as
eg:Your apple is twice as big as mine. / His pen is half as long as hers.
(2)倍数+as+many / much+n.+as
eg:He has four times as many books as you.
(3)倍数+the height / weight / length / width+of
eg:This tree is double the length of that one. / Jim is three times weight of Tom.
(4)倍数+形容词比较级+than
eg:The sun is 100 million times bigger than the earth.
考点四、分数
1、分数的表达和读法
(1)口诀:前基后序,前基是分子,后序是分母,前基大于一,后序加s
eg:1 / 3—one third, 2 / 5—two fifths, 4 / 9—four ninth, 7 / 9—seven ninth
(2)几个特殊的分数:1 / 2—one half, 1 / 4—one quarter, 3 / 4—three quarters
2、特殊的分数——……个半
(1)基数词+and a half+可数名词复数;(2)基数词+可数复+and a half
eg:two and a half kilos=two kilos and a half / one and a half hours=one hour and a half
考点五、其它数的表达
1、小数的读法:
小数点前的整数位按基数词的读法读,小数点读作“point”,小数位要一一读出
eg:1.2-one point two, 23.23 twenty-three point two three, 134.245-one hundred and thirty four point two four five
2、百分数的读法:
先读基数词(小数),再读百分号“%”(percent),percent没有复数
eg:5%-five percent, 0.5%-zero point five percent, 100%-one hundred percent
3、年代的读法:
四位的:两位两位地读1984-nineteen eighty-four, 1368-thirteen sixty-eight
三位的:直接按基数词读220 AD-two hundred twenty AD, 841 BC-eight hundred forty-one BC
两位的:直接按基数词读35 BC—thirty-five BC, 87 AD—eighty-seven AD
个十位是0的:读作“多少个百”1900—nineteen hundred, 2100—twenty-one hundred
个十百都是0的:按“几千”+“个位”读2008—two thousand eight, 1007—one thousand seven
4、表示“几十年代”时,前加the,后加’s或s
eg:in the 1960s在二十世纪六十年代,in the 1280s在十三世纪八十年代
5、年月日的英语顺序是“月-日-年”,日要用序数词读写(要加上the)
eg:07-02-2123:July the second, twenty-one twenty three
08-22-2011:August the twenty second, twenty eleven
6、时间表达法:
(1)直接表达法:先小时,后分钟,分钟不足十,前面加个“o”
eg:10:23—ten twenty-three, 8:02—eight o two, 12:58—twelve fifty-eight
(2)间接表达法:先分钟,后小时
① 分钟数≤30—past, 表示几点过几分
eg:9:13—thirteen past nine, 1:01—one past one, 11: 29—twenty-nine past eleven
② 30<分钟数<60—to, 表示几点差几分(a:b—60-b to a+1)
eg:4:37—twenty-three to five (差23分到4点的下一个整点5点)
6:56—four to seven (差4分到6点的下一个整点7点)
2:49—eleven to three (差11分到2点的下一个整点3点)
③ 几个特殊的时刻:15 / 45—a quarter, 30—half
eg:3:15—a quarter past three, 1:45—a quarter to two, 5:30—half past five
7、一些数学公式的读法:“加”用“plus / and”,“减”用“minus”,“乘”用“times”,“除”用“divided by”
eg:3+5=8读作:Three and / plus five is eight.
9-2=7读作:Nine minus two is seven.
6x5=30读作:Six times five is thirty.
8 / 4=2读作:Eight divided by four is two.
8、对编号的读法
用法:①在表示有编号的事物时,可用基数词,也可用序数词
Lesson One——基数词在名词后,the First Lesson,序数词first在名词前,前面还有定冠词the
②数字过长(超过两位),避免用序数词,用基数词
Room 501——Room five o one, Book SN394821——Book SN three nine four eight two one
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