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高考英语语法复习情态动词.doc

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语法复习专题(8) Unit8 情态动词 ¯一、考点聚焦 1、 情态动词的基本用法 (1)can、be able to 和could ①can和be able to都表示能力,意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时,而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。如: Can you use chopsticks? The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end. ②can和could can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用could,回答时则用can。如: Could you help me carry the bag? Can I help you? (2)may/might ①may/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。如:-Why isn’t he in class? He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大) — He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小) ②may/might表示“允许”,may用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。如: He says we may leave. He said we might leave. ③may / might 表示建议或请求,但might比may 更客气,意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。 Yes, you can / may. —May / Might I use your bike? — No, you mustn’t (3)must ①must表示必须,应该,没有时态变化。如: You must do everything as I do. ②must表示肯定的推测。如: The light is still on, so he must be at home. ③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如: You mustn’t smoke in the office. (4)have to have to 表示“必须、不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事,也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。如: You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army. I have to be at my office every evening. (5)should / ought to ①should和ought to表示应当、应该,前者比后者语气轻。如: You should / ought to work hard. ②should / ought to work hard. Since she is not here, whe should / ought to be in the classroom. ③should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如: Children shouldn’t smoke. ④should可表示陈述意见,推出建议或请求;而ought to可以表示劝告之意。如: You ought to respect your parents. He suggested that they should leave at once. (6)will / would ①will 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等,否定式won’t + 动词。如: I will tell you all about it. Tom won’t do such a thing. ②will用于疑问句中,常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如: Will you please tell her the news when you see her? ③will 表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如: Fish will die out of water. ④would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如: Would you please be quiet? Would you like coffee? ⑤would 表示过去反复发生的动作。如: When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago. (7)need need 作“必要”讲,既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to,其变化与一般动词相同。如: I need to think it over. —Need you go now? —Yes, I must./No, I needn’t (8)dare dare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时,主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词,后面可带to的不定式,此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如: How dare you say that? She doesn’t date(to)ask her father. (9)used to used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯,但现在已不复存在了。如: He used to smoke. (10)shall ①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如: We shall do as our teacher says. You shall have the book as soon as I finish it. ②在疑问句中,shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示,常用于第一、第三人称。如: Where shall he wait for us? Shall we go out for a walk? 2、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法 下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合: 情态动词 对现在和未来的推测 对过去的推测 使 用 场 合 must must + 动词原形 must have done 肯定句 may / might may / might + 动词原形 May / might have done 肯定句、否定句 can /could can / could do Can / could have done 否定句、疑问名(could可用于肯定句) should 用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do/be should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑问句 例如: It must have rained last night. She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home. She can’t be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home. They should be there right now. 3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法 情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩,用法如下: (1)should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”,而shouldn’t have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如: You should have told me about it earlier. You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents. (2)ought to have done也表示“本应该……”而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该……”。如: You ought to have told me about it earlier. You ought not to have said such words to your parents. (3)needn’t have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如: You needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough. (4)could have done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如: I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way. ù二、精典名题导解 选择填空 1. I was really anxious about you. You________home without a word.(NMET 2001) A.mustn’t have B.shouldn’t have left C.couldn’t have left D.needn’t have 解析:答案为B。本题考查的是情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。题目给出的条件是“我确实非常担心你”,因此后面可知应是责备you不应该没说一句话就离开了。 2.—Are you coming to Jeff’s party? —I’m not sure. I__________ go to the concert instead.(NMET 2000) A.must B.would C.should D.might 解析:答案为D。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。由题目中“I’m not sure”,表明我可能去Jeff’s party,也可能去音乐会,故用might。 3. —Will you stay for lunch? —Sorry, ____________. My brother is coming to see me.(NMET 99) A.I mustn’t B.I can’t C.I needn’t D.I won’t 解析:答案为B。本题考查表示请求的英语口语,用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构,是表示一种请求和意愿,是用疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气,意思是“请你……,好吗”,对于这种问句的肯定回答是:Suree! Gertainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to 等;否定回答通常是:I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I’d like to, but …等。注意情态动词表客气的用法及其在一般疑问句中的问与答。 *5*
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