高考英语二轮考点复习讲义阅读理解购物、饮食与健康.doc

2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义：阅读理解- 购物、饮食与健康
大特点。
2. 购物与环保问题的结合。
3. 指导如何很好的购物，提供使用建议。
4. 假日旅游等的购物和饮食问题。
5. 饮食安全问题的曝光以及人们如何注意饮食安全问题。
5．如何保持健康的身体，快乐的心情，构建心理健康。
6．饮食与健康的关系。
7. 肥胖，睡眠，早餐等与饮食和健康有关的话题。
·链接高考

链接1 . （2012广东卷）
Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers.
An attraction of sport programs for the major U.S. media companies is that events are often held on Saturday and Sunday afternoons – the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.
Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance.
Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and the ratings (收视率) are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers, This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high-priced cars, business and personal computers, and holiday trips. This is also why the networks continue to carry there programs regardless of low ratings. Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high-income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers. With such viewers, these programs don’t need high ratings to stay on the air.
41. Television sport programs on weekend afternoons ________.
A. result in more sport events
B. get more viewers to play sports
C. make more people interested in television
D. bring more money to the television networks
42. Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?
A. Because there would be few viewers.
B. Because the advertisers would be off work.
C. Because television programs would go slowly.
D. Because viewers would pay less for watching television.
43. In many families, men make decisions on ________.
A. holiday trips B. sports viewing
C. televisions shopping D. expensive purchases
44. The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because ________.
A. their advertisers are carmakers
B. their viewers are attracted by sports
C. their advertisers target at rich people
D. their viewers can afford expensive cars
45. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Television ratings are determined by male viewers.
B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companies.
C. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television.
D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events.
【难度】一般

链接2 .（2012江苏卷）
Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR,近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds(化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?
A. Temperature change. B. NIR light.
C. Acidity change. D. UV light.
64. Why in ONB unsatisfactory?
A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.
B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.
C. It has not come onto the market up till now.
D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.
65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?

A. Protected B. formed C. exposed D. combined
【考点】科技问—说明文
【文章大意】。本文是一篇科技文，围绕“怎样使用胶囊，让吃药更加安全、疗效好”这个主题展开研究。
63.【答案】B
【试题解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light on the drug in the capsule.”可知，应选B项。
【难度】一般
64.【答案】D
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句中“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown”和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…”可知，应选D项。
【难度】较难
65.【答案】C
【试题解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第五句中“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed…”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。
【难度】一般
【长难句解析】
1. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外线) or visible light.
本句是polymers (聚合物) and other materials的定语从句， when 引导的时间状语从句。
2. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature
本句是called动词过去分词做后置定语，修饰a long chain of compounds. 后面是reactive(易反应的) components的定语从句

链接2 . （2012陕西卷）
Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.
Previous studies have linked high exposure(暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染)were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of "moderate" (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.
The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.
53. The text mainly discusses the relationship between
A. heart problems and air quality B. heart problems and exercising
C heart problems and smoking D. heart problems and fatty food
54. The underlined word "modest" in Paragraph 3 most probably means
A. relatively high B. extremely low
C relatively low D. extremely high
55. What can we learn from the text?
A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.
B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.
C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.
D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.
56. The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely to .
A. inform B. persuade C describe . D. entertain
【考点】说明文
【文章大意】吃太多高脂肪的食物，运动太少，吸烟可引发心脏疾病。但还有另一个因素improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.”。由此可推测，D选项内容符合题意。因此，正确答案为D选项。
【难度】一般
56.【答案】A
【试题解析】浏览全文，作者写这篇文章的目的实际上就是为了告之人们心脏病与空气质量之间的关系，A选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为A选项。
【难度】一般

·专项训练
A
The New Yorker
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About The New Yorker:
The New Yorker is the eclectic magazine for readers interested in the arts, current events, and culture. The New Yorker includes articles on domestic and international news, exploring current ideas and trends, plus sports, fashion, and entertainment events. In addition, The New Yorker is well known for publishing outstanding short fiction and cartoons with an ironic（讽刺的） twist.

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1. Which magazine gives buyers the largest price advantage in percentage?
A. The New Yorker B. Playboy C. Nickelodeon D. Lucky
2. If you are a housewife, which magazine will you probably buy?
A. The New Yorker B. Playboy C. Nickelodeon D. Lucky
3. If you are asked to choose a magazine for a little boy, which one do you think is suitable?
A. The New Yorker B. Playboy C. Nickelodeon D. Lucky
4. What information is contained in all the four magazines?
A. Sports B. News C. Entertainment D. Trends
5. For each issue, which magazine is the cheapest according to the advertisement?
A. The New Yorker B. Playboy C. Nickelodeon D. Lucky
B
Americans have developed an olive oil habit. Out to dinner recently, I saw a man dipping his white bread in olive oil and then pouring it all over his salad, saying, "Wow, this is so good for me!"
But is olive oil the healthiest fat? No, it's not. You might ask, doesn't it lower cholesterol(胆固醇)? Well, only when you substitute olive oil in equivalent amounts for butter or oils that are higher in saturated（饱和的） fat. Olive oil doesn't lower cholesterol; it just doesn't raise it as much.
You may be better off with canola（菜籽油） oil. The 1999 Lyon Diet Heart Study found that a Mediterranean diet significantly reduced heart attacks and premature deaths. Many people attributed this to eating a lot of olive oil. But it was increased consumption of canola oil that accounted for these improvements.
Also, study participants ate more whole-grain bread, vegetables, fish and fruit, and less meat. Butter and cream were replaced with man-made butter made from canola oil, which has more healthy omega-3 fatty acids than olive oil does.
Another study found that olive oil reduced blood flow by 31%. Canola oil and fish oil don't. (You want to increase blood flow to all body parts.)
I like the taste of olive oil, and I use it sometimes. ⑤It's a healthier fat than many others, but it's not nearly as healthy as canola oil -- or fish oil and flaxseed oil, for that matter, which also have lots of omega-3s. And a tablespoon of any oil has 126 calories. Think about that before you pour it on.
1. It can be inferred that in America ________.
A. most people prefer canola oil than olive oil
B. most people think olive oil is healthier than others
C. people use olive oil to help them lose weight
D. most people choose olive oil for its better taste
2. The author may advise people _______.
A. to choose canola oil instead of olive oil
B. to think over before choosing new products
C. to keep on eating olive oil to keep healthy
D. to consult the researchers before accepting a trend
3. According to the author, olive oil ________.
A. isn’t as health as most people think
B. can be used as a substitute for meat
C. can help increase the blood flow
D. contain less calories than other oils
4. A Mediterranean diet reduced heart attacks and premature deaths thanks to _______.
A. olive oil B. butter C. canola oil D. bread
5. Which of the