完形填空解题技巧(1).doc

高中英语完形填空解题技巧 1. 解题指导一、从单句中选择答案。这是完形填空考查项目设计最简单的一种。它相当于一道单项选择题，它不需要通过上下文，而是读它本句即能判断出正确答案。例如：MET90完形填空中的第一句While my father was an officer of the British army in South Africa, we lived in a41 house.四个选项分别为：A. two-storeyed B.two storeyed C.two-storeys D.two storeys 只要学过构词法，考生很容易就能选出正确答案是A。不过该考查项在完形填空的设计中所占的比例很小。二、寻找信息词或信息选择答案。在一篇完形填空文章中，就一句所言，很难确定正确的答案。若继续读下去，就能发现与问题有关的信息词或信息句子出现，这些词或句往往是直接或间接地提示出正确的答案。如NMET95完形填空开头的一段。Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩).She is no41 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research 42 her. They want to see how civilized(驯化)she can 43 .Already she does many things a human being can do.41.A.foolish B. ordinary C. special D. Simple42.A.for B. by C. to D. On43.A.experience B. change C. develop D. Become这篇文章的第一个空格，若按照“单句理解”的方法去解答，显然不行。此段中的最后一句“Already she does many things a human being can do”是信息句，它暗示我们这是一只非同寻常的大猩猩，正确答案显然是B。空42的答案，可以按照上下文，特别是空41的信息词no ordinary，说明科学家们正在这只动物身上做一些研究工作。因此选D.on是最佳答案。空43的答案，按照上下文，从意义上看，似乎B.change和C.develop D.become都是正确的答案。但本句中civilized是个信息词，它在本句中是过去分词作形容词，作how引导的宾语从句中某个系动词的表语，很显然，答案是D.become。三、根据词的固定搭配和固定句型来选择答案。词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配和词语类型试题是完形填空测试的重点，多数题目涉及到动词的语法和各种搭配关系，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词紧密相连，测试的范围较广。这就要求考生多读、多记，对所学短语动词能牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。四、通过上下文来选择答案。该项目的设计主要是考查考生的综合分析能力。测试内容包括篇章结构和推理判断能力，这些答案的选择，起关键作用的是上下文的关系，也就是说，对短文的理解是非常重要的，这种考查项目的设计所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若从单句或“局部”来分析，所给的四个答案在语法或结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。考生必须通过部分上下文甚至全文才能选出正确的答案来。如MET89完形填空中的一句，The dog seemed to47 his mushrooms and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 48 (but)quite pleasant taste.选择项：A. refuse B. hate C. want D. enjoy此句的答案只有看了后文的信息词“began to eat”和“saying.”来判断，enjoy是最恰当的用词，符合当时的情景，而want显然程度不够，逻辑关系也不严密。五、通过文章深层意义的理解选择答案。通过文章深层意义来选择答案，是完形填空难度最大的一种形式。它要求考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历，还要求学生们能够驾驭全文，不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。如NMET94完形填空的第一句：It was an early morning in summer. In the street, sleeply-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 41A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices从信息词“early morning”和“sleepy-eyed”来判断，B. homes不符合逻辑，按生活经验，他们是去上班。这时有些考生就会认为，既然上班，就要去“挤公交车”或“去办公室”。但上班的人也有步行的、骑车的或坐地铁的，也有自己开车去的。人们上班有去农场、煤矿，露天码头，还有工厂车间，不一定去办公室。因此，C. buses和D. offices不符合现实生活，只有A. jobs最合乎生活实际，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗位。实战演练 In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call _21_and love. I dont remember my father ever getting into a swimming tool. But he did _22_the water. Any kind of _23_ride seemed to give him pleasure. _24_he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along. But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being _25_the water, moving through it, _26_it all around me. I was not a strong _27_, or one who learned to swim early, for I had my _28_. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my fathers office and _29_those summer days with my father, who _30_ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the _31_person not in swimsuit. After swimming, I would go _32_ his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me _33_anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk _34_ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldnt be playing with his _35_. But my father always _36_and said easily, “Oh, no, its _37_.” Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get _38_ an ice cream A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is _39_.” And I think it is not only what we “look at once, in childhood” that determines our memories, but _40_, in that childhood, look at us.21A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry22A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love23A. boat B. bus C. train D. bike24A. But B. Then C. And D. Still25A. on B. off C. by D. in26A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting27A. swimmer B. rider C. walker D. runner28A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears29A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. ruining30A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to31A. next B. only C. other D. last32A. away from B. out of C. by D. inside33A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out34A. the moment B. the first time C. while D. before35A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment36A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out37A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny38A. the student B. the assistant C. myself D. himself39A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. practice40A. which B. who C. what D. whose 二完形填空解题技巧现以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空为例，与大家一起探讨从中发现的一些解题技巧。（一）前后呼应法做完形填空时，要始终抓住文章本身，联系“双语境”来判断，既大语境全文中心和基调，小语境空格前后句子所构成的语境；再根据前有伏笔后有呼应的思路来做题。如：第21题 B，根据后面作者所回忆的事情来判断，他的父亲带给他的应是爱与欢乐，所以选B:joy ，而其他选项都没有给出相应的事情来呼应。第22题 D, 由这一段的最后一句“he loved to fish;”及第三段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did.”可知父亲喜欢水及一些水上活动。因此第23题也就能很快找到正确答案是A: boat。第30题 B，由后面两句可得知父亲会在休息时过来看“我”，特别后面提到“My father would stand there in his suit, ” 同样这儿用would更合理。第32题 D，这一段是讲作者在游泳后到他父亲的办公室里玩耍。与后面的“sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk”相呼应。第33题 C，与35题所在的句子“- perhaps I shouldnt be playing with his _35_.”相呼应，因此35题的答案也能从33题“- where he let me _33_anything I found in his top desk drawer.”中推断出是C。第38题 C，由文章大意可知道父亲应是十分爱“我”的，所以有时还会给“我”钱买冰淇淋吃。这是与文章的大语境相呼应的。第39题 A，作者认为不仅是我们童年所看到的事物决定了我们的记忆，而且还包括那时关爱我们的人。所以诗人所说的“the rest”就应该是memory与下一句的“determines our memories”相呼应。（二）But 转折法 在完形填空题中，but 一词前后通常会设题。文中一出现but，应该马上想到前后语意有转折，只要知道其中一方的语意，就可以推出另一方的意思，所以在做题时，遇到类似but的词，如：however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等，也可以同样处理，以便于从文中找到解题的依据。仍旧以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空为例：第25题 D，由这一段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, he way my father did”.及后面的“moving through it,”可知“I liked being in the water.”第37题 A, 当父亲的学生或助手认为“我”不应该玩他办公室里的东西时，父亲却总是轻松地表示没有关系。所以第37题答案很明显是A : fine。（三）绝对矛盾法绝对矛盾法是从选项着手分析，若四个选项中有两个选项是绝对矛盾和对立，那么正确选项大多在这两个对立项之间产生。二者必居其一.至于究竟是两者中的哪一个，则需要进一步根据上下文的语境来判断。例如在浙江省湖州中学教学讲义高一英语模块一、二（2008，9）第120页，完形填空第二段：Most computers have a memory(存储器). They can work millions of times _3_ than man. That means information can be put in _4_ and be taken out any time when needed.第3题的选项分别是A.slow B. slower C. fast D. faster据观察应选用比较级，所以先排除A和C，在根据后面的一句及我们的常识可知，电脑的工作效率要比人快，所以在B，D这两个对立项中，自然就可以很轻松地把正确答案D选出来了。又如第90页的完形填空：The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage in 1987. Just _1_ a dragon, it winds its way from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years. Some sections are now in ruins or even entirely_2_ .第2题的选项分别是A.appeared B. missed C. went D. disappeared显然A和D 是对立项，根据题意可知长城的一些部分已经破败不堪，甚至完全消失，故答案就是D. disappeared 。高中学习丛书英语高一（Book1,2）第101页的完形填空中有一部分是这样的：Jazz is Americas contribution to _5_ music. Compared to classical music, which _6_ formal European traditions, jazz is a free form.第5题的选项分别是A.classical B. scared C. popular D. light其中A与C相对立，通过后一句“Compared to classical music,”可知正确选项为C。（四）同义复现法同义复现是英语中常见的一种现象。为强调某一意思，但又不想重复使用某个词或短语。在完形填空题中，同义词或同义短语的位置多半比较靠近，很容易找到，所以同义复现法是很好的解题技巧。无须过多的推理，只需确定是哪里使用了同义复现，然后从选项中找出与之相符合的一项即可。如2007学年第一学期期末考试样卷（湖州市）高一英语完形填空的第三段：That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his _45_ of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote his dream in great detail and _46_ drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch _47_ the locaion of everthing important there.第45题的选项分别是A. mind B. chance C. goal D. design正确答案C：goal与下一句中的dream同义，并且结合上下文得出他写了37页纸来描述他自己的目标，也就是他的梦想。高中学习丛书英语高一（Book1,2）第82页的完形填空最后一段： I was worried and I sank in my thoughts. I didnt even _19_ that the coffee was bad, _20_ Steven didnt notice there was a person next to him.第19题的选项分别为A. pretend B. understand C. insist D. realize第20题的选项分别为A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though第20题的正确选项为B. just as。由此可知第19题的正确选项应与由“just as”引导的从句中的谓语动词“notice”同义，故选D. realize。昨日重现Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is one of the largest cities in the worldIt is also one of the worlds most modern citiesTwice this century, the city was destroyed and rebuiltIn 1823 a major earthquake struck the cityThousands of people were killed and millions were left homeless as buildings fell down and fires broke out throughout TokyoIt took seven years to rebuild the city During World War , Tokyo was destroyed once againAs a result of these disasters there is nothing of old Tokyo remaining in the downtown area After the war, the people of Tokyo began to rebuild their cityBuildings went up at a fantastic rate, and between 1845 and 1910, the citys population more than doubled Because of the Olympic Games held in Tokyo in 1859, many new stadiums, parks and hotels were built to accommodate visitors from all over the world As a result of this rapid development, however, many problems have arisen Housing shortage, pollution, and waste disposal have presented serious challenges to the city, but the government has begun several programs to answer them 1What kind of city is Tokyo?AA historic city BA world famous seaport CA highly modernized city DA most attractive city for travelers 2Which of the following problems is NOT mentioned in the passage?AHousing shortage B Waste disposal C. Heavy trafficD. Pollution3What has brought so many problems to Tokyo today?AAn earthquake and the Second World War BThe foreign occupation（占领）after the war CThe population explosion between 1845 and 1910 DThe rapid development of the city after the war 4What is the main idea of the passage?AA modern city is better than an old city BTokyo has developed rapidly but it is faced with new problems CThe 1859 Olympic Games helped develop Tokyo DMany problems have appeared 谚语分享Bread is the staff of life.民以食为天。