外研社高一英语必修1的语法知识总结及练习题.pdf

一、一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征、状态。当主语是非第三人称单 数时，行为动词要发生相应的变化。一般现在时的用法及特点：1）、表示经常或者反复发生的动作.如：我每天吃午饭.I have lunch every day.2）、还表示现在存在的一种状态.如：我姐姐是一位老师.My sister is a teacher.3）、客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。4）、一般现在时态经常与often（经常）sometimes（有时）always（总是）usually（通常）等频率词连用，也经常与every day（每天），every week（每周），every month（每月），every term（每学期）,every year（每年），once a week（一周一次），twice a year（一年两次）等 表示时间的词连用。5）、第三人称单数问题一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。1、当主语不是第三人称单数时，结构是：肯定句：主语+行为动词原形+其他 We speak Chinese.否定句：主语+don+行为动词原形+其他 We dont speak Chinese.一般疑问句：Do+主语+行为动词原形+其他？Do you speak Chinese?肯定回答：Yes,主语+do Yes,we do.否定回答：No,主语+don No,we dont.2、当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词不能用原形了，而是要相应的变化，其变化规则是:动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。1）、大多数动词在词尾加在清辅音后发音为s,在浊辅音及元音后发音为zo如：stop-stops s;make-makes s（Dreadreads z;playplays z2）、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读iz如：fly-flies z；carrycarries zstudystudies z;worryworries3）、以飞工（*311”结尾的,在词尾加“es”，发音为iz如：teachteaches iz;watch-watches iz4）、以“o”结尾的动词,力Fes”，读z如：go goes z do-does z其结构是：肯定句：主语+动词的第三人称单数+其他 He speaks English.否定句：主语+doesnt+动词原形+其他 He doesnt speak English.一般疑问句：Does+主语+动词原形+其他？Does he speak English?肯定回答：Yes,主语+does.Yes,he does.否定回答：No,主语+doesnt No,he doesn!t.练习题:workwatchcleanwriteteachwashPyreaddoflystudygodrinkcryhavesitSwimmakeruncanyleavearrivejumpcomeSpeakwearwalkbuyhelppacktaketalktell know look love live eat want say1.He TV every evening,(watch)2.We always to school on foot,(go)3.Tom,with his classmates,often football after school,(play)4.Your shoes under the bed.(be)5.here and by me.(come,stand)6.His uncle usually to work by bus.(go)7.I always up at six in the morning.(get)8.John like his father,(look).布莱克太太经常在英语上帮助我们。Mrs.black often us our english.用词的适当形式填空。1.What time his father(do)the work?2.He(get)up at five oclock.3.you(brush)your teeth every morning.4.What(do)he usually(do)after school?5.Tom(study)English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school.6.Kitty sometimes(go)to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night,she(watch)TV with her parents.8.Mike(read)English every day?9.How many lessons your classmates(have)on Monday?10.We often(play)football in the playground.三.选择()1.you have a book?A.Do B.Are C.Is D.Have()2.They on a farm.A.working B.is work C.work D.is worked()3.Does Peter like to watch TV?.A.Yes,he like B.No,he doesnt C.Yes,hed like D.No,he likes()4.She doesnt her homework in the afternoon.A.doing B.to do C.does D.do()5.How Mr.Brown to America?A.do5go B.is,go C.does,go D.does,goes()6.Wheres my camera?I it.A.am not finding B.am not seeing C.cant find D.cant look at()7.How_he go to work?He to work by bike.A.does;go B.do;goes C.do;go D.does;goes()8._you usually late for school?No,_.A.Do;I am B.Does;not C.Are;Pm not D.Are;I arent()9.she home at six every day?A.Is,leave B.Does,leave C.Is,leaves D.Does,left()10.Mr.Yang English this term.A.teaches our B.teaches us C.teachs us D.teach our填空题 1.Let him(play)basketball.2.Everyone(know)what he really like.3.Tose girls(be)my sister.4.That girl(call)me evety Sunday.5.How_(do)she(spell)the word?用括号里面的词的适当形式填空1.The desk(have)four legs.2.She(do)her homework every day.3.“This problem is easy,(say)Ann.4.He(live)in Shijiazhuang.5.He(need)a pair of shoes.6.Does Danny(see)the apple tree?7.She(come)from America.8.The girl(look)out of the window and sees many birds in the sky.9.Jenny runs home and(sit)on the chair.10.The train(leave)at 10:13 in the morning.11.That hat(look)like a cat.12.Danny(hurt)his nose.13.Danny(fall)and breaks his tail.14.Danny and her mother sometimes(go)for a walk after supper.15.My mother(walk)to the office every day.5)、用括号里所给词的适当形式，写出下列句子的否定句。1.The desk(have)four legs.2.She(do)her homework every day.3.Danny(fall)and breaks his tail.4.He(live)in Shijiazhuang.5.He(need)a pair of shoes.6.Danny(see)the apple tree.7.She(come)from America.8.My mother and father(walk)to the office every day.9.Danny and her mother sometimes(go)for a walk after supper.10.The train(leave)at 10:13 am.11.That hat(look)like a cat.12.Danny(hurt)his nose.二、现在进行时现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”，动作目前的状态是“正在进行中工 所谓“正在进 行中”，是指在说话时动作正在进行中。现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+v.ing(现在分词)形式第一人称单数 I+am+doing+Sth.第一人称复数 We+are+doing+Sth.第二人称单(复)数 You+are+doing+Sth.第三人称单数 He(She,it)+is+doing+Sth.第三人称复数 They+are+doing+Sth.肯定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+现在分词 否定句：主语+be(is/am/are)+not+现在分词一般疑问句:be(is/am/are)+主语+现在分词特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth?变化规则1.直接+ing(仞U：sleep+ing sleeping)2.去掉不发音的 e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting)3.重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+ing(例：sit sitting beginning,getting,putting run-running stop-stopping cut-cuttingcontrol-controlling4.特殊变化：die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying现在进行时的基本用法：A表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例：We are waiting for you.B.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正 在进行。例：Mr.Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)例：She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.C.已经确定或安排好的搔来活动，表示将要发生的动作，一般跟时间状语，表明动作发生的时间。常见的动词有：come、go、begin leave start 等短暂性动词。Pm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了)we!re flying to Paris tomorrow票已经拿到了)D、现在进行时可与 always constantly continually 等副词连用，表示一种感情色彩。She is always singing in her room.她老是在她房间里唱歌(厌 恶的感情。可用来表示现在进行时的时间状语,常用的有：now,this week,at this moment 或者告 诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用look,listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。例如：They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。Listen!She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图那些孩子正在公园放风 筝。We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。Ifs 6:30 now.I am getting up.现在是6：30.我正在起床。I.用括号中动词的适当形式填空：1.My parents(watch)TV now.2.Look.Three boys (run).3.What your mother(do)now?4.Are_your dog _ now?(sleep)5.you(listen)to music?Yes,I am.6.Look,Miss Chen football,(play)7.Tom and his sister(wait)for you over there.8.Now Class 3 and Class 4_(have)a test.9.Listen,someone(sing)in the classroom.10.Where is Zhang Yan?She(talk)with her teacher in the teachers office.II.选择填空:()1.Who over there now?A.singing B.are sing C.issinging()2.Ifs nine ten.The students a music class.A.have B.having C.are having()3.Listen!The boy.A.crying B.is crying C.cries()4.Dont talk here.Grandparents.A.sleep B.is sleeping C.are sleeping()5.Is the man tea or milk?A.drinks B.drink C.drinkingIII.按要求进行句型转换：1.Look!Lily is dancing.(改为一般疑问句)2.Kate is looking for her watch.(改为否定句)3.Mrs White is watching TV.(对划线部分提问)Mrs White_4.I am doing homework.(改为否定句)5.They are waiting for you at the library.（就划线部分提问）they_IV.根据中文提示完成句子：1.小花不是在写作业，她在画画。Xiao Hua homework pictures.2.今天李老师穿着一件红色的连衣裙。Miss Li a red dress today.3.你爷爷在看报纸吗？_ _your grandpa the newspaper?4.Tom和Jim在做什么？_What _Tom and Jim?5.他们是在打篮球还是在打排球？_they basketball_volleyball?6.孩子们在干什么？他们在唱歌、跳舞。the children?They_and.7.你喜欢跑步吗？不。you J ike _?No,I.V.改错：1.People like swim in summer.()2.He is go to the park with his mom.()3.Are you listen to me?()4.I am not writing a letter.()5.Does she still helping Li Ling?()VI.将下列句子译成英语：1.在这张照片中，我的小弟弟在吃冰淇淋。2.你在等谁?3.现在，他们在打篮球吗？4.我正在打扫教室。5.那个男孩不是在弹吉它。三、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式was/were+not;一般疑问句 was/were+主语+其他。在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词；一般疑问 句Did+主语+do+其他。1.Be动词的一般过去时态.在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词，am/is的过去式为was;are的过去 式为 were.构成:肯定句：主语+was（were）+表语 如：I was late yesterday.（昨天我迟到了。）否定句：主语+was（were）+not+表语 如：We werentlate yesterday.（我们昨天没迟到）疑问句：Was（Were）+主语+表语 如：Were you ill yesterday?（你昨天病了吗？）肯定回答：Yes,I was.（是的，我病了。）否定句：No,Iwasnt（不，我没病。）特殊疑问句：特殊 疑问词+was（were）+主语+表语 如：When were you born?你是什么时候出生的？2.实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式did.肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语 如：I went home at nine oclock yesterday.（我昨天九点钟回的家。）否定句：主语+didn，t+动词原形+宾语 如：I didnt go homeyesterday.（我昨天没回家。）疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+宾语 如：Did you go home yesterday?（你昨天回家了吗？）肯定回答：Yes,I did.（是的，我问了。）否定回答：No,Ididnt（不，我没回家。）3.助动词和情态动词过去式如下：shall-should（将要）用于第一人称单数 willwould（将要）用于所有人称 can-could（能，会）maymight（可以）mustmust（必须）have tohad to（不得不）助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。如：Ihadto do my homework yesterday.（昨天我不得不做作业。）时间状语:Ago（two hours ago（一段时间+ago）,yesterday（句子开头或结尾），the day before yesterday,last week,last（year,night,month.）,具体时间（如 Jan.fourth）,just now,at the age of,one day,long ago,once upon a time（很久以前），and so on,this moming.long long ago.动词变化规则规贝II变化：1.直接力口 ed：work-worked look-looked play-played,2.以e结尾的单词，直接加d：live-lived hope-hoped use-used,3以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 力口 ed：study-studied cany-carried worry-worried,4 以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy-enjoyed 5以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop-stopped plan-planned口诀一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。否定句很简单，didnJt站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动原、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。练习题：一、句型转换1.The children had a good time in the park.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_2.There were about nine hundred people at the concert.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_3.Ann did her homework yesterday evening.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_4.Last week I read an English book.否定句：_一般疑问句：_ _肯定/否定回答：_ _对划线部分提问：5.My brother was in the park just now.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_二、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式go_ _ enjoy _buy _ _ eat_get _ _ walk _take _ _ dance _write _run_swim _ _ find _begin _eat_play _ _ study _三、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Tom and Mary (come)to China last month.2.Mike(not go)to bed until 12 o,clock last night.So he (get)up late.3.Mary (read)English yesterday morning.4.Tom (begin)to learn Chinese last year.5.My mother (not do)housework yesterday.6.There a telephone call for you just now.(be)7.-When you (come)to china?-Last year.8.(be)it cold in your city yesterday?9.How many people (be)there in your class last term?10.There(be)a football match on TV yesterday evening,but I(have)no time to watch it.四、改错题(请改正每个句子中的一个错误)1.How is Jane yesterday?_2.He go to school by bus last week.3.He goes home at 6:00 last month.4.I can fly kites seven years ago.5.Did you saw him just now._6.Tom wasn，t watch TV last night.7.I did not my homework yesterday.8.He wait for you three hours ago.9.Who find it just now?_II.翻译下列句子1.我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。_but exciting weekend.2.上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。What they Saturday?They homework and.3.今天早上方方得做饭，因为昨晚他父亲不在家。This morning Fangfang because his father yesterday.4.他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。When he the classroom,he a watch on the ground.5.他什么时候出生的？1980年。-When he-1980.四.现在完成时。现在完成时（Present perfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或 后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。2.用法：（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yss,l have.Ive just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：He has taught here since 1981.他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）I havet seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。3.结构(1).陈述句结构：主语+have(has)(not)+过去分词+其它。have not=haven,t has not=hasn,t.2).一般疑问句结构：Have(Has)+主语+过去分词+其它？3).特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have(has)+主语+过去分词+其它？eg.He has already finished his homework.He hasnt finished his homework yet.Has he finished his homework yet?-Yes,he has./No,he hasnt./No,not yet.(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有 twice,ever,never,three times 等时间状语。如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。4.现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterdayjast Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些 表示不确定的时间状语连用。(2)a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句 中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。cL用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning（month,year,term）等。例 如：-Have you met him today?-No,l havent.今天你见过他吗？我 没有。How many times have you been there this?今年你去过那里吗？（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用，表示动作或状态从 某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years.但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrivebe heredie be deadleave be awayget up一be upfinish be overopen be openclose be closedborrow keepcatch(a cold)一 have(a cold)begin to study一studybegin(start)一be oncome backbe backfall ill(sick,asleep)一be ill(sick,asleep)go out 一be output on wear 或 be onjoin 一be in 或 be a member ofgo to school一be a studentbuy 一 haveget to know 一knowcome to work-work 等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但 现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时 只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明)6.几点注意事项7.(1)have been(to)与have gone(to)的区另U：have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回 来了)”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于 第三人称，前者可与once,never,several times等连用，后者则不能如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。(2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段 时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。现在完成时练习Exercises7A)用 have(has)been 或 have(has)gone 填空。A:Where Li Fei?B:He to Hainan Island.A:How long he there?B:He there for three days.A:When will he come back,do you know?B:Pm afraid he wont come back recently.A:Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B:Sorry,I never there.A:How many times Li Fei to that place?B:He there only once.B)用 have/has been to/in,have gone to 的各种形式填空。Where is Jack?He his country.John England since he came back.How long have this village?The Smiths Beijing for years.you ever America?-Yes,I there many times.I this school since three years ago.C)选择填空()1.Jims been to the Great wall before,he?(A)isnt(B)wasnt(C)hasnt(D)doesnt()2.Shes never been to England,she?(A)has(B)hasnt(C)isn,t(D)is()2.has Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long(B)How soon(C)How far(D)How often()3.How long_he the library book.(A)has,borrow(B)has,kept(C)has,bought(D)did,buy()4.Mr Green isnt in the office,He to the library(A)has gone(B)went(C)has been(D)will go()5.Mr smith to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(A)has been(B)has visited(C)has sent(D)hasgone()6.They China for two years(A)have been to(B)have been in(c)have gone to(D)have come toExercisesl 0A)按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词arrive at/in sw.get to/reach e/go/move to sw.-一 He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for.I moved to the USA last year.I the USA since.I went home yesterday.I home for.They came here last week.They here e/go back,return 一 come/go out 一He came out two years ago.He for.We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We to Fuzhou since.become 一I became a teacher in 2000.I a teacher for.The river became dirty last year.The river dirty for.close 一 open 一The shop closed two hours ago.The shop for.The door opened at six in the morning.The door for six hours.get up 一 die 一 leave sw.一fall asleep/get tot sleep 一 finish/end marry 一I got up two hours ago.I since.He left Fuzhou just now.He Fuzhou for five minutes.My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa for.The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours.I got to sleep two hours ago.I since.They married in 1990.They s